运输包装与物流课件.ppt

1、運輸包裝與物流國立宜蘭大學食品科學系馮臨惠Outline4.1 Introduction4.2 Functions of logistical packaging4.3 Logistics activity-specific and integration issues4.4 Distribution performance testing4.5 Packaging materials and system4.6 ConclusionOutline4.1 Introduction4.2 Functions of logistical packaging4.2.1 Protection4.2.2

2、 Utility/productivity4.2.3 Communication4.3 Logistics activity-specific and integration issues4.4 Distribution performance testing4.5 Packaging materials and system4.6 ConclusionOutline4.1 Introduction4.2 Functions of logistical packaging4.3 Logistics activity-specific and integration issues4.3.1 Pa

3、ckaging issues in food processing and retailing4.3.2 Transport issues4.3.3 Warehousing issues4.3.4 Retail customer service issues4.3.5 Waste issues4.3.6 Supply chain integration issues4.4 Distribution performance testing4.5 Packaging materials and system4.6 ConclusionOutline4.1 Introduction4.2 Funct

4、ions of logistical packaging4.3 Logistics activity-specific and integration issues4.4 Distribution performance testing4.4.1 Shock and vibration testing4.4.2 Compression testing4.5 Packaging materials and system4.5.1 Corrugated fiberboard boxes4.5.2 Shrink bundles4.5.3 Reusable totes4.5.4 Unitization

5、4.6 ConclusionIntroductionpConsumer needs and wants of packagingpMultiple food retail market needs and wantspFlow of food package from farm to landfillpNew Model of Marketing MixpA key to competitive edgepPackaging characteristics valued in multiple retail logistics and distributionConsumer needs an

6、d wants of packaging Multiple food retail market needs and wants pPackaging for fast-moving consumer goods (f.m.c.g.)pThe role of packaging in brand competition. pThe role of packaging in multiple retail logistics pPackaging is a means of ensuring the safe delivery of a product to the consumer at th

7、e right time in sound condition at optimum cost. Flow offood package from farmto landfillModel of Marketing MixNEWA key to competitive edgeFor a product manufacturer may depend on how quickly and effectively it responds to the retailers need for:nminimal stockholdingnhigh product turnovernoptimal le

8、vel of fill on shelfnefficient handling practicenproduct integrity.Packaging characteristics valued in multiple retail logistics and distribution Functions of logistical packagingpProtectionProduct characteristics + Logistical hazardspUtility/productivityNumber of packages output/logistics inputErgo

9、nomics 人因工程(人體工學)(9-14kg/package)pCommunication Electronic data interchange (EDI), effective and integrated management of material flow, inventory, transportation and warehousing.stock-keeping units (SKU), Barcodes, RFIDLogistics activity-specific and integration issuespPackaging issues in food proc

10、essing and retailingpTransport issuespWarehousing issuespRetail customer service issuespWaste issuespSupply chain integration issuesFood and consumer product supply chainFood service supply chainPackaging issuesin food processing and retailingpHACCP的一環的一環p廢棄物的問題廢棄物的問題p多次使用的回收容器多次使用的回收容器包裝的流程與循環包裝的流程

11、與循環 Transport issuespFull Truckload (TL) shock & vibrationpDynamic forces vary by mode of transport.pin-transit vibration below 25 Hzpless-than- truckload (LTL) e-commerce need more protectionpImproving cube utilization (改善體積利用率) is packagings greatest opportunity to provide logistics valuep其他的方式：Ra

12、il transport(鐵路運輸), ocean or river transport(海、河運)and air transportation(空運) ：貨櫃化的優勢；降低成本, 衝擊,運輸時間 Warehousing issuesp傳統的倉儲 訂單與拆裝是包裝的操作p配銷中心配銷中心(distribution center)式的現代倉儲 利潤利潤來自移動貨品來自移動貨品，貯存則代表無效率的資產 非常強調追蹤與管理生產力生產力(productivity)p包裝產品若不需要額外的勞力拆裝就代表生產力提昇，因此適當的集積包裝(multi-pack)替代傳統的一打裝包裝(dozen-pack)p包

13、裝必需模組化，自動辨識及加速機械選別性質p包裝必需配合自動倉儲的設備p兩個因子必需適當控制：有害生物與溫度p庫存單位 (stock keeping unit, SKU)辨識Retail customer service issuesp小型雜貨店改變為大型連鎖店p對於銷售包裝及物流包裝的要求也改變p物流包裝必需容易搬運、打開且不傷及內容物p容易辨識，展示陳列p最佳的體積利用率p最少的廢棄物p生產廠商的包裝設計必需考慮增加銷售的零售顧客服務價值(retail value)，例如：條碼、RFID、智慧型標籤、易開啟功能p有效率顧客反應(the efficient consumer response,

14、 ECR)Waste issuesp經濟性的原因使物流包裝較消費者包裝更重視廢棄物的處理p可使用的方法n減量n再使用n回收Supply chain integration issuesp供應鏈整合希望能降低整體系統的成本p大型連鎖店零售系統更提高供應鏈的整合p食品供應鏈有項重要的控制因子：溫度溫度n各類型的溫度記錄或顯示或品質監測系統均可使用於物流包裝系統p嚴酷物流系統(軍事或救災)的物流包裝需求更為嚴格，包括：保護、保存期限、最易搬運、正確包裝辨識等更複雜的物流包裝Distribution performance testingp衝擊與振動測試(Shock and vibration tes

15、ting)p壓縮測試(Compression testing)Packaging materials and systempCorrugated fiberboard boxes (瓦楞紙箱瓦楞紙箱)pShrink bundles (裹包技術裹包技術) pReusable totes (多次使用搬運箱多次使用搬運箱) pUnitization (單位化的包裝系統單位化的包裝系統)瓦楞紙箱瓦楞紙箱(Corrugated fiberboard boxes)多次使用搬運箱多次使用搬運箱(Reusable totes)單位化包裝系統單位化包裝系統(Unitization)墊板墊板裹包裹包p為保護裝在墊

16、板上的物品，早期以繩索鋼帶捆綁。目前均以裹包方式作業p伸縮包裝伸縮包裝(Stretch wrap Package)：伸縮包裝乃以具有伸縮性質之膠膜層層纏繞於產品之個體，或圍繞堆積於墊板上之貨物，使之整體獲得固定，並防止傾倒之單位化包裝，其功能在於方便貨物之裝卸及搬運p收縮包裝收縮包裝(Shrink Package)：將一個或數個物品集中，以熱收縮膜覆蓋物品，並加熱使其收縮束緊，用以固定保存物品之包裝方法木墊板尺寸規格表木墊板尺寸規格表(CNS 3032)單位：mm裹包技術裹包技術(Shrink bundles)單位化包裝系統單位化包裝系統(Unitization)p將物品裝載於墊板上以大單位處

17、理運輸之方法，將貨物裝於墊板上，作門對門之運輸稱為一貫墊板化作業p墊板規格(CNS規格)最大載重：墊板之最大載重分為0.5t、1t、1.5t及2t墊板尺寸與形狀：墊板之大小以長度寬度(mm)表示之，規定如下表貨櫃貨櫃(containers)p貨櫃運輸是將貨物裝在一個標準化的容器內的運輸方式p聯合國經濟委員會歐洲運輸小組(1956/5/18)定義：貨櫃是一種運輸設備，就如吊箱(Lift Van)，可移動的桶狀物或是其他適合的物件，貨櫃非車輛，也非傳統的包裝物一種永久性的設備，可重覆使用用來裝載貨物，可經由多種的運輸工具運送，而不必中途拆卸貨物轉運裝有特殊設備，得以在轉換運輸工具時，很方便地搬動設

18、計應符合簡便裝卸的原則容積必須在一立方公尺以上貨櫃貨櫃(containers)p貨櫃被認為是一種像船舶一樣的運輸工具p世界各國都准許貨櫃(無論有無裝貨)自由進出口而不加關稅p為了能適當地裝運各式各樣的貨物，貨櫃的設計走向多元化p但仍以普通的乾貨櫃為最多。大約佔全部貨櫃量的85%左右貨櫃貨櫃(與食品運輸有關的)p乾貨櫃乾貨櫃(Dry Container)p冷凍貨櫃冷凍貨櫃(Reefer Container)裝載新鮮食品類貨物n冷藏n凍藏p開頂貨櫃開頂貨櫃(Open Top Container)裝載大型機件p桶狀貨櫃桶狀貨櫃(Tank Container)裝載液體貨物p散裝貨櫃散裝貨櫃(Bulk

19、Container)裝載未經包裝的散裝貨物，如穀類及化學品p鋼網貨櫃鋼網貨櫃(Steel Mesh Container)裝載活的動物或新鮮食品，但必需是短程載運運輸貨櫃之尺寸及載重量運輸貨櫃之尺寸及載重量 Conclusionp物流包裝對供應鏈作業(supply chain operation)的重要性p產品設計的初期就應該考慮包裝的問題p個裝(the primary package)、內裝(the shipping container)與外裝(the unit load) 應整體考慮成整合的設計問題(an integrated design problem)pThe size, shape,

20、 weight, and properties of the primary package and the nature of its contents will determine the requirements for the logistical packaging, given the characteristics of a particular distribution channel. Conclusionp物流系統的目標是以最有效總成本，在適當的時間，將食品原物料及產品運輸到適當的地點p物流包裝若能吻合上述的目標就可以有價值的。(Packaging adds value only when it serves these objectives.)包裝所面臨的挑戰包裝所面臨的挑戰p包裝成本的增加p環境保護的要求p新加工技術的發展p食品安全衛生的疑慮p電子商務的發展p市場快速反應的需求包裝未來發展的方向包裝未來發展的方向p新包裝材料p新包裝技術p包裝的標準化p廢棄物的處理與資源回收利用p包裝適當化的技術p建立有用的包裝技術資料庫