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类型02航向稳定性和回转性-邱磊讲解课件.ppt

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    1、船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性第第2 2章章 航向稳定性和回转性航向稳定性和回转性邱磊邱磊qiu-船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件船舶有哪些操纵方面的性能?船舶有哪些操纵方面的性能?固有动稳性固有动稳性(也称直线运动稳定性也称直线运动稳定性)(Inherent dynamic stability, also called straight line stability)方向稳定性或保向性方向稳定性或保向性(Course-keeping ability, also called directional stability)初始转首性能初始转首性能(Ini

    2、tial turning/course-changing ability)偏转抑制性能偏转抑制性能(Yaw checking ability)回转性能回转性能(Turning ability)-大舵角下大舵角下停船性能停船性能(Stopping ability)船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件固有动稳性固有动稳性( (直线运动稳定性直线运动稳定性) )船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件航向稳定性能航向稳定性能( (保向性保向性) )船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件初始转向性能与航行安全的关

    3、系初始转向性能与航行安全的关系船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件回转性能与航行安全的关系回转性能与航行安全的关系船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件停船操纵停船操纵 - - 停船性能停船性能船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件第二章第二章 航向稳定性和回转性航向稳定性和回转性1. 1. 航向稳定性航向稳定性2. 2. 船舶回转性船舶回转性3. 3. 回转运动的耦合特性回转运动的耦合特性船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件第二章第二章 航向稳定性和回转性航向稳定性和回

    4、转性v稳定性的概念:稳定性的概念: 对处于定常运动状态的物体对处于定常运动状态的物体( (或系统或系统) ),若受到极小,若受到极小的外界干扰作用而偏离原定常运动状态;当干扰去的外界干扰作用而偏离原定常运动状态;当干扰去除后,经过一定的过渡过程,看是否具有回复到原除后,经过一定的过渡过程,看是否具有回复到原定常运动状态的能力。若能回复,则称原运动状态定常运动状态的能力。若能回复,则称原运动状态是是稳定的稳定的。(a)直线运动稳定性直线运动稳定性(b)方向稳定性方向稳定性(c)位置稳定性位置稳定性船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件Directionally un

    5、stable shipsDirectionally unstable shipsv An increasing number of new ships are directionally unstable under An increasing number of new ships are directionally unstable under certain conditions of trim and are difficult to steer manuallycertain conditions of trim and are difficult to steer manually

    6、 Steady steering is only achieved by continually applying small short alternating helm actionsv Despite its problems, directional instability does allow a ship to make Despite its problems, directional instability does allow a ship to make tight turnstight turns But it is important that the pilot or

    7、 master is familiar with the ships behaviour and plans an alter course to allow for this船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件影响方向稳定性的因素影响方向稳定性的因素(Factors affecting directional (Factors affecting directional stability)stability)v Neither the centre of the hydrodynamic hull force, Neither the centre of t

    8、he hydrodynamic hull force, point A, nor the neutral steering point (Npoint A, nor the neutral steering point (N0 0) are fixed ) are fixed in position for a single vesselin position for a single vesselv The location of NThe location of N0 0 depends upon depends upon the centripetal force relative to

    9、 the turning moment required for a given rate of turn and hullformv The position of A depends uponThe position of A depends upon压力足以的位置取决于:压力足以的位置取决于: the flow conditions around the immersed hullform its fore and aft distribution of surface areav So, the main factors affecting the directional So, th

    10、e main factors affecting the directional stability arestability are影响方向稳定性的主要因素有影响方向稳定性的主要因素有: : Trim 纵倾纵倾 Hullform 船型船型 ahead speed 前进速度前进速度船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件How does trim affect the directional How does trim affect the directional stability?stability?v Both head and stern trim incr

    11、ease the ships moment of inertia Both head and stern trim increase the ships moment of inertia 首倾和尾首倾和尾倾都增大了船舶的惯性矩倾都增大了船舶的惯性矩 So the required moment for a given rate of turn is increased by trim and the point N0 is moved further forwardv More important is that the trim also alters the fore and aft M

    12、ore important is that the trim also alters the fore and aft distribution of immersed hull surface and thus the position of A (see distribution of immersed hull surface and thus the position of A (see next page)next page)更为重要的是纵倾也改变了首尾湿表面积的分布和压力中心更为重要的是纵倾也改变了首尾湿表面积的分布和压力中心A A的位置的位置stern trimhead trim

    13、船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件v Stern trimStern trim moves A further aft moves A further aft v Point A is well aft of the NPoint A is well aft of the N0 0-point-point so the ship needs a large helm force to maintain the turn the ship will steady up quickly with midships helmv Thus, Thus, directi

    14、onal stability is directional stability is increasedincreasedv Head trimHead trim moves A further ahead moves A further aheadv Point A is just aft of the NPoint A is just aft of the N0 0- -pointpoint so only a small helm force is needed to maintain the turn but the ship will be slow to steady up wit

    15、h midships helmv Thus, Thus, directional stability is directional stability is decreaseddecreased船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件How does the hullform affect the directional How does the hullform affect the directional stability?stability?v Moderately high CModerately high CB B-hulls have a relati

    16、vely large moment of inertia -hulls have a relatively large moment of inertia about the vertical axes so point Nabout the vertical axes so point N0 0 will tend to be further forward will tend to be further forward than for finer lined shipsthan for finer lined shipsv Very full-bodied hullsVery full-

    17、bodied hulls: point A tends to be even further forward than : point A tends to be even further forward than N N0 0 so these ships are likely to be so these ships are likely to be directionally unstabledirectionally unstable at small at small rudder anglesrudder angles The swing of the ship can disto

    18、rt the boundary layer to the extent that flow is directed to the wrong side of the rudder and the rudder force is reversed船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件How does the ships ahead speed affect How does the ships ahead speed affect directional stability?directional stability?v Increasing a ships ahe

    19、ad speed for a given rudder Increasing a ships ahead speed for a given rudder angle will move the Nangle will move the N0 0-point further aft, thus the -point further aft, thus the directional stability is decreaseddirectional stability is decreasedv A reduction in speed thus tends to increase a A r

    20、eduction in speed thus tends to increase a ships directional stability for a given rudder ships directional stability for a given rudder angleangle But if the ship is moving too slow there will be insufficient flow for the rudder to be effective and the ship has lost “steerage way”.船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性

    21、与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件v The directional stability can be improved by using more The directional stability can be improved by using more “deadwooddeadwood” at at the sternthe stern 在船尾安装呆木在船尾安装呆木 analogous to the feathers on an arrow or dart!v Examples of ways of increasing the deadwoodExamples of ways of

    22、 increasing the deadwood Skegs 尾鳍尾鳍 Fixed fins (submarine “stabilizers”) 稳定鳍稳定鳍 Other stern appendages 其他附体其他附体Ways of improving directional stabilityWays of improving directional stability如何提高方向稳如何提高方向稳定性?定性?船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件第二章第二章 航向稳定性和回转性航向稳定性和回转性物体的运动状态是否稳定,不仅取决于物体的性质,物体的运动状态是否

    23、稳定,不仅取决于物体的性质,也取决于所考察的运动状态和运动参数也取决于所考察的运动状态和运动参数 1 1需针对某运动状态,或某一运动参数来分析其稳定性需针对某运动状态,或某一运动参数来分析其稳定性 2 2具有位置稳定性的船舶必具有直线稳定性和方向稳定具有位置稳定性的船舶必具有直线稳定性和方向稳定性;具有方向稳定性的船舶必具有直线稳定性性;具有方向稳定性的船舶必具有直线稳定性 3 3按是否操舵,稳定性又分为自动按是否操舵,稳定性又分为自动(固有固有)稳定性稳定性(取决于取决于 船体几何船体几何)和控制稳定性和控制稳定性(取决于闭合回路取决于闭合回路) 4 4对于通常的水面舰船,若不操舵,不具备方

    24、向稳定性对于通常的水面舰船,若不操舵,不具备方向稳定性和位置稳定性,最多具有直线稳定性,也可能不具稳和位置稳定性,最多具有直线稳定性,也可能不具稳定性定性 5 5v对稳定性概念的理解对稳定性概念的理解船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件(2-1)小扰动方程小扰动方程v 为对稳定性作定量分析,采用为对稳定性作定量分析,采用“运动稳定性理论运动稳定性理论”分析方法。分析方法。v 设船舶初始运动状态:设船舶初始运动状态:u1=const=U, v1=r1=0. .扰动后引起的扰扰动后引起的扰动运动参数:动运动参数:v 由于对初始状态是小扰动,故可采用线性操纵运动方程由

    25、于对初始状态是小扰动,故可采用线性操纵运动方程(1-25)(1-25)式来描述。因不操舵,式来描述。因不操舵, . .将式将式(2-1)(2-1)代入式代入式(1-25)(1-25),1,uu uvvrruuvvrr 0(1-25)1()()0uuXuumXu1()()()vvrrGYvm Yv vYmu rYmxrY 1()()()vvGrGzrNvNmx vNmx u rIN rNuuumuXuX u 船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件其中,第一式与后两式无关其中,第一式与后两式无关.第一式可重写为:第一式可重写为:小扰动方程小扰动方程v即可求得小扰动方程

    26、:即可求得小扰动方程:(2-2)(2-3)1()Gvvrrm vu rx rY vY vY rY r1()zGvvrrI rmx v ruN vN vN rN ruumuXuX u()0uumXuXu第一式对应的特征方程为:第一式对应的特征方程为:3()0uumXX船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件小扰动方程小扰动方程v特征根为:特征根为:v故式故式(2-3)(2-3)的解为:的解为:v 总为负值,故对纵向速度扰动总具有稳定性。因总为负值,故对纵向速度扰动总具有稳定性。因此,船舶在水平面内的航向稳定性主要取决于方程此,船舶在水平面内的航向稳定性主要取决于方程(

    27、2-2)(2-2)的后二式。的后二式。31tuu e 分母为正,分母为正,分子为负。分子为负。(2-4)(2-5)3(2-3)3()0uumXX船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件二元一阶常系二元一阶常系数微分方程组数微分方程组(2-7)(2-8)(2-6)小扰动方程小扰动方程船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件特征方程特征方程特征根特征根角速度扰动方程角速度扰动方程(2-7)(2-7)的解为的解为: :ttererr2121(2-9)(2-10)速度速度v的小扰动方程的小扰动方程0AvBvCv的解为的解为: :1212ttvv

    28、ev e(2-11)船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件航向稳定性分析航向稳定性分析v接下来我们进行航向稳定性分析接下来我们进行航向稳定性分析0)()()(21212212AAACABAACAB212120ABC21214,2BBCAAA 其根为:其根为:于是有:于是有:可见:可见:船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件航向稳定性分析航向稳定性分析0CA12,皆为负实部的必要条件是:皆为负实部的必要条件是::BCAA当为任意值, 为负值时21214,2BBCAAA 两根将皆为实数,且两根将皆为实数,且必有一个正根必有一个正根船海系:

    29、邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件航向稳定性分析航向稳定性分析0,0CBAA12,皆为负实部的必要条件是:皆为负实部的必要条件是:24:CCBAAA当0, 时21214,2BBCAAA 12,BA 0, 则皆为负数.船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件航向稳定性分析航向稳定性分析v可见,航向稳定性条件可归结为:可见,航向稳定性条件可归结为:0,0CBAA24:CCBAAA当0, 时21214,2BBCAAA 12,0BA 皆为复数;而使其实部为负的附加条件仍为: 船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件水动力

    30、导数分析水动力导数分析vY较大的负值较大的负值vN不定符号的小量不定符号的小量图图2-3当具有横向加速度扰动时当具有横向加速度扰动时船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件rY不定符号的小量不定符号的小量rN较大的负值较大的负值图图2-4当具有回转加速度扰动时当具有回转加速度扰动时船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件受侧向扰动速度受侧向扰动速度v作用时作用时vY较大的负值较大的负值vN不很大的负值不很大的负值图图2-5船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件由角速度由角速度r引起的力和力矩引起的力和力矩rY

    31、不定符号的小量不定符号的小量rN较大的负值较大的负值图图2-6船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件稳定性衡准数稳定性衡准数C C船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件稳定性衡准数稳定性衡准数C C船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件C0 船舶在水平面的运动具有直线稳定性船舶在水平面的运动具有直线稳定性;C Iv 时,船舶具时,船舶具有航向稳定性有航向稳定性。v试验结果表明,对一般排试验结果表明,对一般排水量船舶水量船舶lv0 ,即位置力,即位置力的压力中心总位于船中前,的压力中心总位于船中前,随随水深

    32、变浅,水深变浅,lv 变化不大,变化不大,而而lr 的的变化变化甚甚大大,原因是,原因是随水深变浅,随水深变浅,Yr 增加而增加而引起,见图引起,见图2-9。图图2-9船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件开始操舵时,船舶重心的瞬时开始操舵时,船舶重心的瞬时位置为回转运动的起始点,称位置为回转运动的起始点,称之为之为执行操舵点执行操舵点。回转圈的主要特征参数为:回转圈的主要特征参数为: 1)反横距反横距从船舶初始的从船舶初始的直线航线至回转运动轨迹向直线航线至回转运动轨迹向反方向最大偏离处的距离为反方向最大偏离处的距离为S1。 2)正横距正横距从船舶初始直从船舶初

    33、始直航线至船首转向航线至船首转向90度时,船度时,船舶重心所在位置之间的距离舶重心所在位置之间的距离为为S2。该值越小,则回转性。该值越小,则回转性就越好。就越好。船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件回转圈的主要特征参数为:回转圈的主要特征参数为: 3)3)纵距纵距从转舵开始时刻从转舵开始时刻船舶重心船舶重心G点所在的位置,点所在的位置,至船首转向至船首转向90度时船舶纵中度时船舶纵中剖面,沿原航行方向计量的剖面,沿原航行方向计量的距离距离S3。一般船舶纵距约为。一般船舶纵距约为3、4倍船长。其值越大,表倍船长。其值越大,表示船舶对初始时刻的操舵反示船舶对初始时

    34、刻的操舵反应越迟钝,即应舵较慢。应越迟钝,即应舵较慢。船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件 4)4)战术直径战术直径从船舶从船舶原来航线至船首转向原来航线至船首转向180度时,船纵中剖面所在位度时,船纵中剖面所在位置之间的距离置之间的距离DT。其值。其值越小,则回转性越好。对越小,则回转性越好。对一般普通船一般普通船DT约为约为36倍船长,回转性较差者可倍船长,回转性较差者可达达78倍船长。倍船长。回转圈的主要特征参数为:回转圈的主要特征参数为:船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件 5)定常回转直径定常回转直径定常回定常回转阶段船

    35、舶重心点圆形轨迹转阶段船舶重心点圆形轨迹的直径的直径D。一般。一般D0.9DT。通常采用相对回转直径通常采用相对回转直径DL代表回转性优劣。通常认代表回转性优劣。通常认为回转性好的船,最小相对为回转性好的船,最小相对回转直径为回转直径为3左右,回转性左右,回转性差的船约为差的船约为10左右,大多数左右,大多数船在船在57的范围内。的范围内。回转圈的主要特征参数为回转圈的主要特征参数为:船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件6 6)进程)进程R R自执行操自执行操舵点起至回转圈中心舵点起至回转圈中心的纵向距离;的纵向距离;R=S3-R;它表示船舶对舵作用的它表示船舶

    36、对舵作用的应答性,应答性,R越小则应答越小则应答性越好,通常性越好,通常R/L数值数值约为约为l2。回转圈的主要特征参数为:回转圈的主要特征参数为:船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件 船舶回转过程中,在船上还存在船舶回转过程中,在船上还存在一个横向速度分量为零的点,称一个横向速度分量为零的点,称为枢心点为枢心点p,由图可见,枢心点前后横向速度反向。一由图可见,枢心点前后横向速度反向。一般在初始操舵瞬时,枢心处于船体之撞击般在初始操舵瞬时,枢心处于船体之撞击中心,约在船舶重心前中心,约在船舶重心前1/10船长处。以后船长处。以后随回转过程的发展,枢心点位置向船首

    37、移随回转过程的发展,枢心点位置向船首移动,直至定常回转状态,枢心位置稳定在动,直至定常回转状态,枢心位置稳定在重心前重心前1/61/3船长处。所以,当船舶回船长处。所以,当船舶回转时,若驾驶人员站在枢心点转时,若驾驶人员站在枢心点p上,则可上,则可看到一方面船以看到一方面船以Vp速度平移,另一方面船速度平移,另一方面船上前后各点以角速度上前后各点以角速度r绕绕p点旋转。这样在点旋转。这样在操纵时可清晰地观察船舶的运动情况。所操纵时可清晰地观察船舶的运动情况。所以,在条件许可时,驾驶室的位置最好设以,在条件许可时,驾驶室的位置最好设在枢心附近。在枢心附近。船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波

    38、性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件回转圈回转圈( (Turning Circle)Turning Circle)v最小回转直径是度量船舶操纵性能的一个重要参数最小回转直径是度量船舶操纵性能的一个重要参数(The minimum turning diameter is one measure (The minimum turning diameter is one measure of a ships manoeuvring characteristics)of a ships manoeuvring characteristics)v影响最小回转直径的因素主要有影响最小回转直径的因素主要有(The

    39、minimum (The minimum turning diameter varies with, for example):turning diameter varies with, for example): 舵角、船速、船舶尺度、水深和纵倾舵角、船速、船舶尺度、水深和纵倾船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件影响最小回转直径的一些因素影响最小回转直径的一些因素(Examples of factors (Examples of factors effecting the minimum turning diameter)effecting the minim

    40、um turning diameter)v 速度速度(Speed):(Speed): 舵角不变,船速增大,回转圈随之增大舵角不变,船速增大,回转圈随之增大(With constant rudder angle, an increase in speed results in an increased turning circle) 船速很低时由于舵效降低回转圈增大船速很低时由于舵效降低回转圈增大Very low speed (those approaching bare steerageway) also increases the turning circle because of redu

    41、ced rudder effect v 船舶尺度船舶尺度(Vessel size):(Vessel size): 回转直径随着船舶尺度增大而增大回转直径随着船舶尺度增大而增大(The turning diameter tends to increase with vessel size)v 水深水深(Water depth)(Water depth): 水深极浅的情况下,最小回转直径可能倍增水深极浅的情况下,最小回转直径可能倍增(Minimum turning diameter may more than double in very shallow water)!v Smaller righ

    42、t-handed screw vessels may show a bias in turning a tighter Smaller right-handed screw vessels may show a bias in turning a tighter circle to port than to starboard, due to the transverse thrust effectcircle to port than to starboard, due to the transverse thrust effect this effect is often negligib

    43、le in larger ships船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件PROPELLER FORCESPROPELLER FORCESLONGITUDINAL THRUSTTRANSVERSE THRUST (SIDE FORCE OR PADDLEWHEEL FORCE)COUPLE (TWIST)STERN WALKS THE SAME DIRECTION PROPELLER TURNS船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件Visualize the lower blades walking along the bottom.

    44、Side Force单桨单桨(SINGLE PROPELLER)(SINGLE PROPELLER)STERN WALK船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件调距桨调距桨CONTROLLABLECONTROLLABLE PITCH PROPELLERS PITCH PROPELLERSSTERN WALKS TO STBDFFGDD/CG/MCMDD/CG DEVELOP STERN WAY 0% PITCH AND WHEN TWISTING DDG 51船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件Turning circle - ter

    45、minologyTurning circle - terminologyv 纵距纵距(Advance)(Advance) Distance gained toward the direction of the original course after the rudder is put over.v 正横距正横距(Transfer)(Transfer) Distance gained perpendicular to the original course after the rudder is put over.v 反横距反横距(Kick)(Kick) Momentary movement

    46、, at the start of a turn, of the ships stern toward the side opposite to the direction of the turnv 定常回转直径定常回转直径(Final Diameter)(Final Diameter) Diameter of the ships turning circlev 战术直径战术直径(Tactical Diameter)(Tactical Diameter) Perpendicular distance between the path of the ship on original course

    47、 and final course after a 180 turn船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件枢心点枢心点(The pivot point)(The pivot point)v 枢心点是船舶纵中线上的一个点,操舵后船舶绕通过该点的垂轴旋转枢心点是船舶纵中线上的一个点,操舵后船舶绕通过该点的垂轴旋转 (A ships (dynamic) pivot point is a point in the centreline (A ships (dynamic) pivot point is a point in the centreline about whi

    48、ch the ship turns when the rudder is put over)about which the ship turns when the rudder is put over) 它是船舶纵中线上唯一的漂角为零的点v 船舶在稳定地直航时,不存在枢心点船舶在稳定地直航时,不存在枢心点 枢心点仅仅是因为船舶转向而存在的!v 正车前进:枢心点几乎总是位于距船首正车前进:枢心点几乎总是位于距船首1/31/3船长处;倒车后退:枢心点位于船长处;倒车后退:枢心点位于船尾附近船尾附近(A ships pivot point is nearly always located about

    49、 one-(A ships pivot point is nearly always located about one-third of the ships length from her bow when moving ahead, and at third of the ships length from her bow when moving ahead, and at or near her stern when moving astern)or near her stern when moving astern) 船舶加速时,枢心点会向船舶运动的方向移动船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶

    50、操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件枢心点枢心点(PIVOT POINT)(PIVOT POINT)HEAD WAY, STEADY COURSE & SPEEDAHEAD BELL FROM DIW. LONG STEERING LEVER FROM PROPS/RUDDERSASTERN BELL FROM DIW. NO EFFECTIVE STEERING LEVER UNTIL SOME STERN WAY船海系:邱磊船海系:邱磊船舶操纵性与耐波性船舶操纵性与耐波性课件课件Ships Tactical Data Folder # of Screws# of RuddersLeng

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