计算机专业英语06-Computer-Virus课件.ppt

1、Text 1 Computer VirusText 1 Computer VirusText 2 Virus BehaviorText 2 Virus BehaviorText 3 How to Protect Your DataText 3 How to Protect Your DataText 4 Number of VirusesText 4 Number of VirusesVocabulary and Keywords（生词和（生词和关键词）关键词）Notes（注释）（注释）Terms and Tips（术语和提示信息）（术语和提示信息） Science and technolog

2、y are Science and technology are advancing. Computers are being used in advancing. Computers are being used in more and more fields.more and more fields. And some bad things are damaging And some bad things are damaging computer systems. They are called computer systems. They are called “computer vi

3、ruses”“computer viruses”（Figure 6-1Figure 6-1）. . A typical computer virus performs two A typical computer virus performs two functions. First, it copies itself into functions. First, it copies itself into uninfected programs or files. Second uninfected programs or files. Second (perhaps after a spe

4、cific number of (perhaps after a specific number of executions, or on a specific date), it executions, or on a specific date), it executes whatever instructions the executes whatever instructions the computer killer included in it computer killer included in it 11. . Because of the widespread of net

5、works, Because of the widespread of networks, some viruses are coming at a faster pace some viruses are coming at a faster pace nownow 2 2. . How to stop the affection of viruses How to stop the affection of viruses will be one of the key challenges in IT will be one of the key challenges in IT in t

6、he near future in the near future 33. .ldamagingdmiddamagingdmidi i adjadj. . 有破坏性的，有破坏性的，损害的损害的构词法：构词法：damage damage v v. . 损害损害damagingdamaginglpace peispace peis n n. . 速度速度例：例：at a good pace at a good pace 以很快的速度以很快的速度lperform pperform pff:m:m v v. . 执行执行例：例：perform a task perform a task 执行任务执行任

7、务laffection affection fekfekn n n n. . 影响影响lchallenge tchallenge tlindlind n n. . 挑战挑战例：例：accept a challenge accept a challenge 接受挑战接受挑战 l virus vai virus vair rs s n. n. 病毒病毒l function ffunction fk kn n n. n. 功能，职责功能，职责 l typical tipiktypical tipikl l adj. adj. 典型的典型的l execution n. execution n. 完成，

8、执行完成，执行构词法：构词法：execute v. execute v. 执行，实行执行，实行executionexecution例：例：The plans were finally put The plans were finally put into execution. into execution. 这些计划终于得以实施。这些计划终于得以实施。l technologytechnology tekn teknl ld di i n. n. 技术技术 1Second (perhaps after a specific number of 1Second (perhaps after a s

9、pecific number of executions, or on a specific date), it executes executions, or on a specific date), it executes whatever instructions the computer killer included whatever instructions the computer killer included in it.in it. whatever whatever引导一个宾语从句，作句子的宾语。译为：计引导一个宾语从句，作句子的宾语。译为：计算机杀手包含在病毒中的任何指

10、令。算机杀手包含在病毒中的任何指令。whateverwhatever，无论什么，不管什么。，无论什么，不管什么。 例句：例句：Whatever nonsense the papers print, some Whatever nonsense the papers print, some people always believe it.people always believe it.不管报纸胡说什么都有人信。不管报纸胡说什么都有人信。 译文：第二（也许是执行了特定的次数之后，或在某个译文：第二（也许是执行了特定的次数之后，或在某个特定的日期），病毒执行计算机杀手包含在其中的任何指令。特定的

11、日期），病毒执行计算机杀手包含在其中的任何指令。 2Because of the widespread of 2Because of the widespread of networks, some viruses are coming at a networks, some viruses are coming at a faster pace now.faster pace now. because of because of，由于，因为，后接名词或，由于，因为，后接名词或名词性词组。名词性词组。 例句：例句：He walked slowly because of He walked sl

12、owly because of his bad leg. his bad leg. 他走得慢是因为腿有毛病。他走得慢是因为腿有毛病。 译文：因为网络的普及，现在一些病毒译文：因为网络的普及，现在一些病毒能更快地袭击到一个地方。能更快地袭击到一个地方。 3How to stop the affection of 3How to stop the affection of viruses will be one of the key viruses will be one of the key challenges in IT in the near future.challenges in IT

13、 in the near future. How to stop the affection of How to stop the affection of virusesviruses是不定式短语作句子的主语。是不定式短语作句子的主语。 key challengeskey challenges，关键挑战。，关键挑战。 译文：怎样制止病毒的传染是信息技术译文：怎样制止病毒的传染是信息技术业在不远的将来面临的关键挑战之一。业在不远的将来面临的关键挑战之一。 Higher Language Higher Language：higher level programming higher level

14、programming languagelanguage，高级语言，用英语单词编程的计算机语，高级语言，用英语单词编程的计算机语言，编程容易，通用性好。言，编程容易，通用性好。 例如，处理数据的语言例如，处理数据的语言dBASEdBASE（数据库）、结（数据库）、结构化的计算机语言构化的计算机语言PascalPascal和新型计算机编程语言和新型计算机编程语言JavaJava等。等。 Executable CodeExecutable Code：可执行的代码，包括：可执行的代码，包括COMCOM，EXEEXE，DLLDLL和一些相似的文件。和一些相似的文件。 广义上讲，可执行代码包括在磁盘引导

15、扇区，广义上讲，可执行代码包括在磁盘引导扇区，批处理文件和批处理文件和macrosmacros等一些常用的应用软件。等一些常用的应用软件。IRCIRC：Internet Relay Chatting, Internet Internet Relay Chatting, Internet 在线聊天系统。一种多用户的实时聊天系统。在线聊天系统。一种多用户的实时聊天系统。ActiveXActiveX：是：是MicrosoftMicrosoft提出的一组使用提出的一组使用COMCOM（Component Object ModelComponent Object Model，部件对象模型），部件对象模型

16、）使得软件部件在网络环境中进行交互的技术使得软件部件在网络环境中进行交互的技术集，与具体的编程语言无关，集，与具体的编程语言无关，ActiveXActiveX被广泛被广泛应用于应用于WebWeb服务器以及客户端的各个方面。服务器以及客户端的各个方面。HeaderHeader：首标，是一个数据记录之前磁盘上：首标，是一个数据记录之前磁盘上的数据块，其中包含标识文件用的指示性信的数据块，其中包含标识文件用的指示性信息。如文件名、卷号等。息。如文件名、卷号等。Instruction-setInstruction-set：指令集，一组处理器可以识别：指令集，一组处理器可以识别并可以执行的机器指令。并可

17、以执行的机器指令。GSMGSM：Global System for Mobile communicationGlobal System for Mobile communication，全球移动通信系统，俗称全球移动通信系统，俗称“全球通全球通”，是第二代移，是第二代移动通信技术，让全球各地可以共同使用一个移动电动通信技术，让全球各地可以共同使用一个移动电话网络标准，让用户使用一部手机就能行遍全球。话网络标准，让用户使用一部手机就能行遍全球。A memory allocation error occurred during A memory allocation error occurred

18、during startup. Restart your computer and select startup. Restart your computer and select Interactive Start to identify the problemInteractive Start to identify the problem：在启动过程中内存分配发生错误，请重新启动你的在启动过程中内存分配发生错误，请重新启动你的计算机然后选用交互式启动方式来确定故障原因。计算机然后选用交互式启动方式来确定故障原因。Vocabulary and Keywords（生词和（生词和关键词）关键词

19、）Notes（注释）（注释）Terms and Tips（术语和提示信息）（术语和提示信息） Viruses all potentially have two Viruses all potentially have two phases to their execution: the phases to their execution: the infection phase and the attack phase.infection phase and the attack phase. When the virus is executed it can When the virus i

20、s executed it can infect other programs infect other programs 11（Figure 6-3Figure 6-3）. . Some viruses infect other programs Some viruses infect other programs each time they are executed; other each time they are executed; other viruses infect only upon a certain viruses infect only upon a certain

21、cause. This cause could be anything, a cause. This cause could be anything, a day or time, an external event on your day or time, an external event on your PC, a counter within the virus, etc.PC, a counter within the virus, etc. Just as the infection phase, the Just as the infection phase, the attac

22、k phase also has its own causeattack phase also has its own cause 2 2. . Viruses often delay revealing their Viruses often delay revealing their presence by launching their attack only presence by launching their attack only after they have had enough opportunity after they have had enough opportuni

23、ty to spread to spread 33. . This means the attack could be This means the attack could be delayed for days, weeks, months, or delayed for days, weeks, months, or even years after the initial infection.even years after the initial infection.lphase feizphase feiz n n. . 阶段阶段例：例：a phase of history a p

24、hase of history 一段历史一段历史lattack attack tktk v v. . 攻击攻击例：例：They decided to attack at They decided to attack at night. night. 他们决定夜晚进攻。他们决定夜晚进攻。lexternal ekstexternal ekst:nl:nl adjadj. . 外部的，外外部的，外面的面的例：例：All his injuries are external. All his injuries are external. 他受的伤都是外伤。他受的伤都是外伤。 l within wiin

25、within wiin adv. adv. 在内部在内部l delay dileidelay dilei v. v. 延迟延迟l reveal rivi:lreveal rivi:l v. v. 显示；暴露显示；暴露l launch llaunch l:nt:nt v. v. 发起；发动发起；发动l initialinitial ini inil l adj. adj. 最初的最初的 1When the virus is executed it 1When the virus is executed it can infect other programs.can infect other p

26、rograms.whenwhen引导时间状语从句。引导时间状语从句。 例句：例句：When he saw her, he waved. When he saw her, he waved. 他他看见她时摆了摆手。看见她时摆了摆手。 itit指代指代virus.virus. 译文：病毒在执行时，能够感染其他程译文：病毒在执行时，能够感染其他程序。序。 2Just as the infection phase, the 2Just as the infection phase, the attack phase also has its own cause.attack phase also ha

27、s its own cause.as as 表示表示“正如正如”。 例句：例句：As before he remained unmoved. As before he remained unmoved. 他和以前一样无动于衷。他和以前一样无动于衷。 译文：如同感染阶段，攻击阶段也有它译文：如同感染阶段，攻击阶段也有它自己的触发条件。自己的触发条件。 3Viruses often delay revealing their 3Viruses often delay revealing their presence by launching their attack only after pres

28、ence by launching their attack only after they have had enough opportunity to spread.they have had enough opportunity to spread. by by，通过，通过的方法。例如：的方法。例如：travel by airtravel by air航空航空旅行旅行 afterafter，在，在之后（时间上），此处引导时间状之后（时间上），此处引导时间状语从句。语从句。 例句：例句：The day after, he apologized. The day after, he apol

29、ogized. 次日，次日，他道歉了。他道歉了。delaydelay后接名词或动名词。后接名词或动名词。 例句：例句：Why have they delayed opening the Why have they delayed opening the school? school? 他们为什么延期开学？他们为什么延期开学？ 译文：病毒可以通过当它们拥有充足条件时才开译文：病毒可以通过当它们拥有充足条件时才开始传播的方法来推迟暴露它们的存在。始传播的方法来推迟暴露它们的存在。There are no files of the type There are no files of the typ

30、e requested on this drive or catalog.requested on this drive or catalog.在这在这个驱动器上或目录下没有找到需要的文件类个驱动器上或目录下没有找到需要的文件类型。型。CRTCRT：Cathode Ray TubeCathode Ray Tube，阴极射线管。，阴极射线管。assembly languageassembly language：汇编语言，一种面向：汇编语言，一种面向机器的低级程序语言。它用记忆操作码和符机器的低级程序语言。它用记忆操作码和符号操作数来代替机器指令。用它编程较困难，号操作数来代替机器指令。用它编程较

31、困难，通用性也不好。通用性也不好。DelphiDelphi：第四代编程语言，它以基于窗口和：第四代编程语言，它以基于窗口和面向对象的编程方法，与操作系统紧密结合，面向对象的编程方法，与操作系统紧密结合，有强大的数据库技术支持，可系统编程，网有强大的数据库技术支持，可系统编程，网络编程。络编程。MP3MP3：一种音频压缩格式。：一种音频压缩格式。 也是数字音频编码方案，用于在也是数字音频编码方案，用于在InternetInternet上分配录制的音乐。上分配录制的音乐。ICQICQ：英文：英文“I SEEK YOU”I SEEK YOU”简称，中文意思简称，中文意思是是“我找你我找你”。 它是它

32、是MirabilsMirabils公司出品的网上寻呼机工公司出品的网上寻呼机工具软件，支持在具软件，支持在 InternetInternet上聊天、发送消息上聊天、发送消息和文件等。和文件等。JavaScriptJavaScript：一种由：一种由SunSun公司提出的，从公司提出的，从C+C+发展而来的程序设计语言，支持发展而来的程序设计语言，支持ActiveXActiveX。 JavaScriptJavaScript主要是用来改变网页外观的主要是用来改变网页外观的编辑命令和指令。编辑命令和指令。Warning: the High Memory Area (HMA) is Warning:

33、the High Memory Area (HMA) is not available. Additional low memory not available. Additional low memory (below 640KB) will be used instead. (below 640KB) will be used instead. 警警告：高端内存不可用，低端内存将被代替使告：高端内存不可用，低端内存将被代替使用。用。Vocabulary and Keywords（生词和（生词和关键词）关键词）Notes（注释）（注释）Terms and Tips（术语和提示信息）（术语和提

34、示信息） Nobody Nobody s data is completely safe. s data is completely safe. But everybodyBut everybody s computer can still be s computer can still be well guarded against possible invaderswell guarded against possible invaders（Figure 6-4Figure 6-4）. . There are some precautions that There are some pre

35、cautions that anyone can take against the threat of anyone can take against the threat of virus or hackersvirus or hackers 1 1. . Here are some precautions: Here are some precautions: Password ProtectionPassword Protection At minimum, each time they log on, At minimum, each time they log on, all PC

36、users should be required to type all PC users should be required to type in a password that only they and the in a password that only they and the network managers know network managers know 22. . In addition, the system should In addition, the system should require all users to change the require a

37、ll users to change the passwords every month and should lock passwords every month and should lock out prospective users who fail to enter out prospective users who fail to enter the correct password the correct password （Figure 6-5Figure 6-5）. . Virus CheckersVirus Checkers Viruses generally infect

38、 Local Area Viruses generally infect Local Area Networks (LAN) through workstations, so Networks (LAN) through workstations, so antivirus software packages that work antivirus software packages that work only on the server are not enough to only on the server are not enough to prevent infectionpreve

39、nt infection33; ideally, all ; ideally, all terminals on the network should be terminals on the network should be protected individually.protected individually. FirewallFirewall Firewalls are gatekeepers made of Firewalls are gatekeepers made of hardware and software that protect a hardware and soft

40、ware that protect a computer network by shutting out computer network by shutting out unauthorized people and letting others unauthorized people and letting others go only to the area they have go only to the area they have privileges to use. privileges to use. Firewalls should be installed at Firew

41、alls should be installed at every point where the computer system every point where the computer system connects other networksconnects other networksincluding the including the Internet, a separate LAN, or a Internet, a separate LAN, or a telephone company switch.telephone company switch.lguard gua

42、rd :d v. :d v. 保卫；看守保卫；看守llog on log on 登录登录lprecaution prikprecaution prik: :n n n. n. 预防；警预防；警惕惕 lhacker hkhacker hk n. n. 黑客黑客lminimum minimminimum minimm m n. n. 最小值最小值 adj.adj.最最小的小的 linvader inveidinvader inveid n. n. 侵略者侵略者 构词法：构词法：invade v. invade v. 侵略侵略 invaderinvaderlunauthorized unauthor

43、ized nn:rarazdzd adjadj. . 未被授权的未被授权的 构词法：构词法：authorized authorized adj. adj. 经授权的经授权的 unauthorizedunauthorizedlindividually individually ndndvvd du ul l advadv. . 个别地个别地 构词法：构词法：individual individual n. n. 个人个人individually individually 例：例：Speak to each member of a group Speak to each member of a g

44、roup individually.individually. 对组里每个人逐个地说。对组里每个人逐个地说。laddition addition didin n n n. . 增加；加增加；加lcorrect kcorrect krektrekt v. v. 改正；纠正改正；纠正lantivirus software antivirus software 杀毒软件杀毒软件lfirewall firewall 防火墙防火墙lgatekeeper gatekeeper eiteitki:pki:p n. n. 看门人看门人 构词法：构词法：gategate（n.n.大门）大门）+ keeper+

45、keeper（n.n.管管理人）理人） gatekeeper gatekeeper 1There are some precautions that 1There are some precautions that anyone can take against the threat of anyone can take against the threat of virus or hackers.virus or hackers. that that引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰precautions.precautions.againstagainst，反对。，反对。 译文：这里是一

46、些防范病毒或黑客入侵译文：这里是一些防范病毒或黑客入侵的措施。的措施。 2At minimum, each time they log on, 2At minimum, each time they log on, all PC users should be required to type in a all PC users should be required to type in a password that only they and the network password that only they and the network managers know.managers

47、 know. each time they log on each time they log on 是插入语，作主语是插入语，作主语all PC usersall PC users的时间状语。的时间状语。 例句：例句：At least, in my opinion, you are At least, in my opinion, you are right. right. 至少我认为你是对的。至少我认为你是对的。 此处的此处的in my opinionin my opinion也是插入语。也是插入语。 thatthat引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰a passworda passwo

48、rd。 译文：至少所有的计算机用户在登录时都需要译文：至少所有的计算机用户在登录时都需要输入只有他们自己或管理员才知道的密码。输入只有他们自己或管理员才知道的密码。 3Viruses generally infect Local 3Viruses generally infect Local Area Networks (LAN) through Area Networks (LAN) through workstations, so antivirus software workstations, so antivirus software packages that work only o

49、n the server packages that work only on the server are not enough to prevent infection. are not enough to prevent infection. so so：所以，引导结果状语。：所以，引导结果状语。throughthrough，通过。，通过。 例句：例句：I heard of the job through a I heard of the job through a newspaper advertisement. newspaper advertisement. 我从报上的广告我从报上

50、的广告中知道了这个工作。中知道了这个工作。 译文：病毒通常通过工作站感染局域网，译文：病毒通常通过工作站感染局域网，所以只在服务器上设置防毒软件并不能理想所以只在服务器上设置防毒软件并不能理想地防御感染。地防御感染。Java:Java:一种新型的计算机编程语言。由一种新型的计算机编程语言。由Sun Sun Microsystems Microsystems 公司开发。它可在各种机器、公司开发。它可在各种机器、各种操作系统下使用，并能方便地在网络上各种操作系统下使用，并能方便地在网络上使用。使用。PascalPascal：一种结构化的计算机高级语言，具：一种结构化的计算机高级语言，具有严格的结构