扬州某学校译林版八年级下册期末英语知识点汇总（全一册）.pdf

1、八八年年级级下下册册英英语语知知识识点点汇汇总总（一一册册全全）Unit 1 Whats the matter?一一、重重点点单单词词1.matter n. 问题；事情E.g.Whats the matter （with sb.)?怎么啦?出什么事情了?询问有什么病或遇到什么麻烦、问题2.lie down v. 躺,平躺。现在分词是 lyingE.g.Dont lie in bed all morning!【拓拓展展】lie 的词性和含义总结.v.位于， 坐落在。E.g.Japan lies to the east of China.v.撒谎，说谎。lie to sb. 对某人撒谎。E.g.D

2、ont believe her because shealways lies.n.谎言。tell lies/a lie 说谎。E.g.You shouldnt tell lies to yourparents.v.下蛋；放置E.g.The hen stopped laying eggs. She laid thebaby down gently on the bed.【注注意意】含义过去式过去分词躺，平躺，位于，坐落在laylain撒谎，说谎liedlied作为不及物动词的变化：lie-lying-lied-lied作为及物动词的变化：lie-laying-lay-lain3.surprise

3、 n. 惊讶，惊奇。to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是E.g.To everyones surprise, hepassed the driving test.in surprise 惊奇地E.g.The little girl looked at thestranger in surprise.be surprised to do sth 做某事感到惊奇地E.g.They were surprised to findthat hed already left.be surprised at sth 对.感到惊奇地E.g.Im surprised at you,behaving

4、like that in front of the kidsbe surprised that 从句E.g.Dont be surprised if Ipretend not to recognize you.4.agree v. 同意，赞同；agree with sth. . 同意某事E.g.I agree with that idea.agree with sb 同意某人E.g.He agreed with them about the need forchange.agree to(do)sth 同意做某事E.g.She agreed to let me go early.agree o

5、n 达成一致意见E.g.Are we all agreed on this?5.be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了做某事，强调状态；E.g.His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作E.g.Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.6.run

6、 out 用完，用尽。主语通常是“时间，金钱，食物”等无生命的东西。E.g.All the money ran out.run out of 用完，主语通常是人。E.g.We have run out of our pocket money.7.maybe adv. 或许，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。E.g.Maybe you are right.may be 是情态动词 may+be 的结构，意为“可能，也许” ，后加名词、代词或形容词。E.g.He may be angry.8.sound like+名词代词和从句：E.g.It sounds like you dont know t

7、he truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，意为“听起来，好像”E.g.The music sounds nice.9.need v. 需要，为实义动词need+名词，需要某物；need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作E.g.You need to listen carefully during class.needdoingsth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作E.g.Your dirty clothes need washing.neednt = dont have to 没有必要 mustnt 不准must,n

8、eed引 导 的 疑 问 句 肯 定 回 答 用must. 否 定 回 答用 neednt 或 dont have to.E.g.Must I finish my homework now?No, you neednt. You can go home now.10.break n. 间歇，休息take breaks (take a break) 休息break away (from) 脱离；放弃（习惯） ；打破（陈套）break down(机器等)坏了；(计划等)失败；(健康等)变坏；感情失去控制break in 插嘴，使驯服break into 破门而入；突然.起来break off 折断

9、；突然停止讲话；解除（婚约）break out（战争，火灾，疾病）突然发生；爆发11.hurt v.（使）疼痛； （使）受伤hurt-hurting-hurt-hurthurt vt. 使.疼痛/受伤 E.g.He hurt his leg while exercising.hurt vi. .（部位）疼E.g. His leg hurt badly.12.off adv.& prep. 离开（某处） ；不工作；从.去掉get off 下车turn off 关闭，关掉take off 起飞，脱掉put off 推迟，拖延give off 发出，散发set off 出发13.enough adj

10、. adv. 足够的/地，充足的/地用作 adj. 修饰名词，可前可后enough water用作 adv. 修饰形容词或副词，要后置old enough14.trouble n. 问题;苦恼make trouble 制造麻烦in trouble 在监禁中；处于不幸中；处困难中get into trouble 使自己或他人陷入困扰之境have trouble/difficulty(with /doing sth. ) 在.有困难15.hit v. （用手或器具）击；打hit-hitting-hit-hitE.g.The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb.

11、on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位；E.g.She hit him on the head with her umbrella.hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。E.g.The player was hit in the face.16.sick adj. 生病的，有病的。既可放 be (系动词)后作表语，也可放 n. 前作定语。be sick of “讨厌；厌恶”E.g.Were sick of waiting around like this.f

12、eel sick 生病；不舒服E.g.If you eat any more cake youll feel sick .sick person = patient病人E.g.There are a lot of sick persons in the hospital.ill adj.“生病的” ，只能放 be(系动词)后作表语，ill illness n.“病；疾病”be ill in hospital 生病17.give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，E.g.give up (playing) computer gamesgive up 后可接名词、代词和动词-ing

13、形式，也可不接E.g. If you give up something that you have or that you are stick to, you allowsomeone else to have it.Never give up easily.18.breathe v. 呼吸breath-breathing-breathed-breathedbreath n. 呼吸，气息deep breath 深呼吸take a deep breath 深呼吸out of breath 喘不过气来，上气不接下气19.risk n. & v. 危险；风险；冒险take risks (take

14、a risk) 冒险E.g.You have no right to take risks with otherpeoples lives.risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 E.g.Weve been advised not to risk to travel inthese conditions.at the risk of doing sth.E.g.At the risk of showing my ignorance, how exactlydoes the Internet work?20.importance n. 重要性；重要important adj.

15、重要的unimportant adj.不重要的importance n. 重要性21.decision n. 决定；抉择make a decision=decide 后接不定式， “做出决定，决定.”E.g.I made a big decision to stop doing my job for a few months.22.control v. 限制； 约束； 管理； 控制control-controlling-controlled-controlledbe under control 被控制住，在控制之中out of control 脱离控制E.g.The car was out o

16、f control and hit a tree bythe road.be in control of 掌管；管理；控制 E.g.The headmaster is in the control of this newschool.be in the control of 掌管；管理E.g.The headmaster is in the control of this newschool.23.advice 不可数名词，劝告，建议，向.征求意见give sb. advice on sth. 就某事给某人建议take sbs advice 接受某人的建议advise v.advise sb.

17、 to do sth. 建议某人做某事，此动词不定式作宾语补足语。advise doing sth 建议做某事相似用法的动词：allow(允许)，permit(允许)，forbid(禁止)等allow doing sth 允许做某事，allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事permit doing sth 允许做某事，permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事forbid doing sth禁止做某事，forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事E.g.We dont allow smoking in the lab. 我们不准在实验室吸烟。We dont a

18、llow people to smoke in the lab. 我们不准人们在实验室吸烟。People are not allowed to smoke in the lab. 人们不准在实验室吸烟。24.put.on sth. 把.放在某物上put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎put some medicine on sth. 在.上面敷药put on advertisement 粘贴广告二二、重重点点短短语语1. have a cold = catch a cold = have the flu 感冒2. have a cough 咳嗽3. have a fever 发

19、烧4. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶5. see a dentist 看牙医6. get an X-ray 拍X光片7. take ones temperature 量体温8. all weekend 整个周末 = the whole weekend9. in the same way 以同样的方式10. go to a doctor 看医生11. go along 沿着走12. on the side of the road 在马路边13. on both sides of the road 在马路两边14. on either side of the road 在马路

20、的任意一边15. shout for help 大声呼救16. thanks to 多亏了；由于17. thanks for 感谢18. in time 及时19. on time 准时20. save a life 挽救生命21. lose ones life 失去生命22. right away = right now = at once 立刻；马上23. because of 由于24. get out of 离开；从.出来25. fall down 摔倒26. mountain climbing 登山运动27. think about 考虑，认为28. think of 考虑，认为，想

21、出，想要，关心29. think over 仔细考虑，反复考虑30. in a difficult situation 在困境中31. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事32. give up 放弃33. expect sb to do sth. 期望某人做某事34. be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事35. seem to do sth. 好像做某事36. mind doing sth. 介意做某事37. be ready to do sth. 准备好了做某事38. be ready for 为.做准备39. the same as 同.一样

22、40. be different from 不同于.41. the same to 对于.是一样的三三、重重点点句句型型：1.I dont feel well. =Im not feeling well.2. Did you hurt yourself playing soccer?3. He doesnt mind taking risks.4. He was not ready to die that day.5. He had problems learning English.6. Linda ran out of money. /Her money ran out.7. He use

23、d his knife to cut off half his right arm./ The knife is used to cut things.Her mother is used to cooking dinner for family. /His father used to be a teacher.8. He knew he would have to do something to save his own life.9. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bu

24、s.10.I must do something to improve my English.四四、 语语法法讲讲解解（一一）情情态态动动词词（Modal Verbs）情态动词 should 意为 “应该， 应当” ， 必须和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告，而且表述的是自己的主观看法。1.should 的句式结构句式例句They should eat a balanced diet.2.should 的用法（二二）其其他他表表示示建建议议的的句句型型用法例句Shall we _ for a walk? 咱们去散步好吗？肯定句他们应该平衡饮食。否定句

25、They shouldnt eat too much.他们不该吃得太多。一般疑问句-Its too cold. Should I close the window?太冷了，我该关上窗户吗？-Yes, you _./No, you _.是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。用法例句表示劝告、建议You _ answer the question in English.你应该用英语回答这个问题。表示推测They _ be at home now, I think.我认为，他们现在应该在家。表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等How _ I know it?我怎么知道这间事情呢？Shall we/I + do+?What

26、/How about+doing/sth?What about _ swimming? 去游泳怎么样？Lets + do?Lets _ and _ them.咱们去看看他们吧。Youd/Wed better (not) + do?We _ _ wait a little longer.我们最好再稍等一会儿。Why dont you + do ?Why dont you _ a walk outside?为什么不出去散步呢？Why not + do?Why _ a walk outside?为什么不出去散步呢？（三三）反反身身代代词词表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人

27、称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格形式，词尾加 self 或 selves 组成。反身代词可译“本人” 、 “本身” ，为加强语气，也常翻译为“亲自” 、 “自己” 。不定人称代词 one-oneself.1.反身代词的分类数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2.反身代词的用法用法说明例句作 动 词 的宾语常用于 enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,dress,help,lookafter, get dressed 作宾语He is

28、teaching _ English.他在自学英语。We enjoyed _ last night.昨天晚上我们玩得很开心。做 介 词 的宾语常用于 in,on,with,of,after,by作宾语She lives by_in thecountryside.她一个人生活在乡下。做 同 位语强调作用、加强语气Did you make the cake _?这蛋糕是你亲自做的嘛？Mr. Black _ is a lawyer.布莱克先生本人就是一名律师。做 表语强调“自己”Just be _.做你自己就好了。Mary hasnt quite been_recently.玛丽最近有些不对劲。固定

29、短语：teach oneself sth (自学)learn sth by oneself （自学）enjoy oneself （玩的开心）help oneself to sth（随便吃什么）say to oneself（自言自语）introduce oneself (自我介绍)五五、难难点点讲讲解解1.询问某人的健康问题或遇到什么麻烦、问题时的表达：其后跟询问对象时，与介词 with 连用Whats the matter (with sb.) ?Whats the trouble (with sb.) ? = Whats ones trouble?Whats wrong (with sb.)

30、 ?Is there anything wrong (with sb.) ?Whats up ?What happened (to sb.) ?How are you feeling now?Are you OK ?Are you feeling better today?2. 要要表表达达身身体体疼疼痛痛或或不不舒舒服服,可可用用以以下下结结构构:某某人人+have/has+病症.某某人人+have/has+a+headache(toothache, stomachache, backache, earache)E.g.The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。have a f

31、ever 发烧have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒have a stomachache 患胃痛have a toothache 患牙痛have a headache 患头痛have the flu = get the flu 患流感某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位.have a sore throat 患喉咙痛have a sore back 患背痛某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词.E.g.He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。某部位+hurt(s).E.g.My head hurts badly.我头痛得厉害。某人+have/has+a p

32、ain+in ones+身体部位E.g.I have a pain in my chest.我胸口痛。(There is) something wrong with ones+身体部位.E.g.There is something wrong with my right eye.我的右眼有毛病。其他表达方式E.g.She has a heart trouble.她有心脏病。He got hit on the head 他头部受到了撞击。She cut her finger.她割破手指了。3. too much + 不可数名词 “太多” ；动词+ too muchE.g.Dont talk to

33、o much.too many+ 可数名词“太多”E.g.The actress has two many handbags.much too + 形容词或副词 “太” ，表程度E.g.Hes much too fat for his age.4.see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事” ，强调动作正在进行see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事” ，强调动作经常发生或看到某个动作发生的全过程E.g. We saw the boy playing computer games.We often see the boy play computer games.We

34、 saw the boy lock the door and walk out of the room.When I walked through the playground, I saw my friends _football.A. playB. to playC. playingD. is playing5.because是连词， “因为，由于” ，引导原因状语从句because of是介词短语， “因为，由于” ，后跟名词、代词或动名词Millie made a few mistakes in the exam _her carelessness.A.becauseB. so tha

35、tC. as a resultD. because of6.diev.“死，去世，逝世”deadadj. “死的，死亡的”deathn. “死，死亡”中考再现：Lei Feng _for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.A. diedB. has diedC. was deadD. has been dead.7.so that 引导目的状语从句， “以致，为了，以便于” ，可以和 in order that, in order to, so as to进行替换E.g.I got up very early this mor

36、ning so that I could catch the early train=I got up very early this morning in order that I could catch the early train.= I got up very early this morning in order to catch the early train.=I got up very early this morning so as to catch the early train.8.so.that 引导结果状语从句, “如此.以致于.” ，常用句型：主+谓+so+adj

37、./ adv.+that 从句so + adj ( a/an +n) that 从从句句E.g.He is so cute (a boy) that we all like him.so+ little/much +不不可可数数名名词词 that 从句E.g.He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.so +few/many+名名词词复复数数 that 从句E.g.He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.There were so many peo

38、ple in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get closeto the building.such+a/an+adj+名名词词单单数数 that 从从句句E.g.He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.such+adj+名名词词复复数数/不不可可数数名名词词 that 从从句句E.g.He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.六六、配配套套习习题题I.

39、单单项项选选择择（）1. The pear is too big for me. Let me _ a part for you.A. cut downB. cut offC cut upD. cut in（）2. Grace bought a lot of new clothes and _ all her money.A. run outB. run out ofC. ran ofD. ran out of（）3. Your temperature is 39C. Maybe you _.A. have a coldB. have a headacheC. have a feverD. h

40、ave a sore back（）4. Did you catch your plane? Yes. We got there just _.A. on the timeB. at timesC. in timeD. in the time（）5. Sue came to the small town five years ago and she _ here now.A. is used to liveB. is used to livingC. used to livingD. used to live（）6. To _ surprise, the five-year-old boy ca

41、n sing so many English songs.A. myB. meC. ID. mine（）7. Emma likes dancing and she keeps on _ every day.A. dancingB. dancesC. danceD. to dance（）8. What happened _ you yesterday?I hurt myself in P.E. class.A. toB. onC. atD. with（）9. Jim is always so busy _ he has little time for his family.A. ifB. unt

42、ilC. thatD. when（）10. Hi, John, _? My dogs leg is hurt.A. How are you B. Whats the matter C. Whos thatD. Whats Lucy likeII.用用括括号号内内所所给给词词的的适适当当形形式式填填空空。1. Look!Adog is _ (lie) by the side of the road.2. The little girl usually finishes her homework by _ (her) and doesnt need others help.3. When I ca

43、me into the library, I saw him _ (read) a book there.4. Mr. Green agreed _ (help) me with my math.5. You arc late for school again. I think you should _ (get) up early tomorrow.6. What does he mean _ (do) ?7. Did you make a _ (decide) to study medicine?8. Mr. Li put so many _ (knife) into his bag.9.

44、 My dream is to be a _ (climb) one day.10. The little dogs _ (die) made me very sad.III.根根据据首首字字母母或或汉汉语语提提示示完完成成下下列列句句中中所所缺缺的的单单词词。1. Susan took her temperature and found she had a high f_.2. I have a t_ and I cant eat anything.3. You look so tired, so you need to have a r_.4. Tony usually plays gam

45、es with his classmates during the b_ between two classes.5. I have a s_ throat so I cant say a word.6. We usually walk with our _（脚）and see with our eyes.7. Im feeling terrible. I have a _（胃痛）.8. The river is too deep, but Tom and Tony take _（冒险）of swimming there.9.Alex got hurt in the car accident

46、and lost much _（血）.10. Kates mother works in a hospital. Shes a _（护士）.IV.用用方方框框中中所所给给词词的的适适当当形形式式填填空空（有有两两个个多多余余） 。knifebreakdecideadvisetroubleriskhighhurtliedifferentseemcoughJohn likes to do sport very much. His favorite sport is mountain climbing. Last spring, he madea big 1. _ to climb Mount Ev

47、erest. He knew it was difficult to climb the worlds 2. _mountain. And there were lots of 3. _ in front of him, but he still wanted to do so. Because thatwas his dream.May 5th was the most exciting day for John. After a 4. _in the tent, he and his guidestarted their journey to the top of the mountain

48、. Everything 5. _ well at first. There was nowind or snow. But when they were close to the top, things were completely 6. _. The windbecame strong and cold. He left like that many 7. _ were cutting his body. He felt sick and 8._ a lot. The guide told John that they should turn back. He took the guid

49、es 9. _, but onthe way he passed out. When John woke up, he found he was 10. _ in a hospital.答答案案解解析析：I. 15. BDCCB610AAACBII.1. lying2. herself3. reading4. to help 5. get6. to do7. decision8. knives9. climber10. deathIII.1. fever2. toothache3. rest4. breaks5. sore6. feet7. stomachache8. risks9.blood

50、10. nurseIV.1. decision2. highest3. risks4. break 5. seemed 6. different 7. knives 8. coughed9. advice10. lyingUnit 2Ill help to clean the city parks一一、重重点点单单词词1.sick adj. 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语，也可作定语 a sick childE.g. Mary could not come because she is sick.【区区别别 ill】ill 与 sick 同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。E.g.Mary c