英语六级作文评分标准及写作技巧课件.ppt

1、A1A2 大学英语教学大纲 对写作的较高要求（对写作的较高要求（6级）是级）是：能就一定的话题、能就一定的话题、提纲、表格或图表在提纲、表格或图表在30分钟内写出分钟内写出150-200词的词的短文，能写日常应用文（如信函、简历等），内容短文，能写日常应用文（如信函、简历等），内容完整，条理清楚，文理通顺。完整，条理清楚，文理通顺。 英语四六级写作考试的目的：英语四六级写作考试的目的： 测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力。A3六级考试作文的出题方式有：六级考试作文的出题方式有： 命题作文，看图画或图表作文，根据所给文章（英文或中文）写出文章摘要或大意，给出关键词作文等。考试的作文内容为社会、文化

2、、科技或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。 近10年的大学英语四六级考试，作文内容偏重工作、学习、交通及社会文化等方面的问题。考试形式中，给出英文题目和中文提纲式作文占68.4%，图表作文21%，给出英文题目及中文提示作文5.3%，其中应用文占20%。 对作文的具体要求是：切题，文理通顺，表达正确，对作文的具体要求是：切题，文理通顺，表达正确，意思连贯，无重大语言错误。意思连贯，无重大语言错误。六级考试作文的出题方式六级考试作文的出题方式A4uCET作文题采用总体评分方法采用总体评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。u从内容内容和语言语言两

3、个方面对作文进行综合评判。要考虑作文是否切题是否切题，是否充分表达思想是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。u避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括包括0分分A5u本题满分为15分。u阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。评分标准：2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或者部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分切题。表达思想清

4、楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。A6 1.如题目中给出英文主题句，起始句， 结束句，均不得计入所写字数 2.规定的内容未写全者， 按比例扣分。只写一段者：04分；只写两段 者：09分（指规定三段的作文） 3.长度计分标准: 140-149词: 扣1分 130-139: 扣2分 120-129: 扣3分 110-119词: 扣5分 100-109扣7分 99字以下扣8分。 A7 首先要了解六级写作考试大纲的内容，评分标准、原则，首先要了解六级写作考试大纲的内容，评分标准、原则，历年真题范围，从而掌握出题原则及规律。历

5、年真题范围，从而掌握出题原则及规律。 打好基本功。打好基本功。 熟悉各种文体的结构特点，写作技巧及熟悉各种文体的结构特点，写作技巧及常用句型、套话等。常用句型、套话等。 背诵一些常用于论说文中的起、承、转、合结构的词背诵一些常用于论说文中的起、承、转、合结构的词（组），句型。（组），句型。在阅读范文前可根据所给作文题目及要求按自己的思路试写一下，然后与范文对照找出差距，并有意识地背诵一些涉及科技、社会、文化等各个侧面的代表性文章，储存多种信息，写作时才有话可说。如何进行准备如何进行准备A8 考试时答题卡会提前发放，应迅速看一下答题卡一上的作文题目和提纲，让其在大脑中留有一席之地，这样我们就可以

6、充分利用考前时间来把握作文。 认真审题，弄清文章及各段主题，实现由提纲到主题句的转换。 打腹稿：摆事实，理清思路，从易于表达，且论证丰富的观点入手，不局限于一种看法，一种表达法或一种句式。 具体写作时要分段来写，各段之间空一至二行，以利于随时增减或删改。而且字迹要工整，卷面要保持清洁，给阅卷人一个好印象。临场注意事项临场注意事项A9高分作文标志高分作文标志 篇幅：篇幅：围绕给定的题目围绕给定的题目150-200150-200字；字； 句式：是否长短句交叉句式：是否长短句交叉, ,即是否有句式变换；即是否有句式变换； 选词：用词是否恰当、准确、形象，要有几个能够抓人眼球的闪光词；选词：用词是否恰

7、当、准确、形象，要有几个能够抓人眼球的闪光词； 关键词：是否换用，切勿老用重复词；关键词：是否换用，切勿老用重复词；连贯性：是否善于使用标志词和过渡词实现文章层次间的衔接。连贯性：是否善于使用标志词和过渡词实现文章层次间的衔接。书写卷面工整。（作文没有草稿纸，也没有打草稿时间，要训练一次写成书写卷面工整。（作文没有草稿纸，也没有打草稿时间，要训练一次写成功。）功。）无重大语言错误。无重大语言错误。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点最常犯的语言错误有三类：语法、拼写、标点。 最常犯的语法错误包括：时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。要避免拼写错误；避免语法错误；避免中文式英语。如：避免

8、中文式英语。如：Some people are begin; There are some people want ; Why happen these things。A10 “ The Moonlight Clan” plays such an important role in our life. They run out of the money in a month is OK. OK,let me tell you why. Thats all, thank you. For most thing you need, you can buy. Those support moonli

9、ght people may A11 So people who is support to these programs think they are good for people want to find a lover. Nowadays, On TV Programs of Dating have become a common phenomenon. We watch it on TV is just look forward to getting some happiness and laugh.A12要想让分数上一个档次,文章中还需要多几个闪光点。 闪光点体现在闪光点体现在用词

10、上、用的句子结构上。用词上、用的句子结构上。 在用词时尽量不要用中学时“小儿科”的词汇,多用四六级词汇表中的“新词”。避免重复使用诸如象”think, believe, important”之类的词汇和诸如：”Some people think , Some people think , I think , Do you think so?”。这样的文章，如果去掉相同的词汇就剩不了几个词汇了。象这样的作文又怎么能够拿到高分呢? 写议论文、说明文都需要讲理由,就需要排序,考生多用first, second, third等,就不如用新颖些的in the first place效果好。 句子结构也要

11、尽量新鲜。比如Everybody knows that.就不如It is well known to everyone that. 来得精彩,更能博阅卷老师青睐。I think可以写成：in my eyes; I firmly think; personally, I think. 六级写作没有太大的自由发挥空间。阅卷老师在阅卷的过程中更多的是六级写作没有太大的自由发挥空间。阅卷老师在阅卷的过程中更多的是关注同学们的用词和句型的使用。关注同学们的用词和句型的使用。A13 怎样使句子多样化？怎样使句子多样化？ 同一件事，可以用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句，文章必定很单调乏味。如果全篇充

12、满了冗长的复杂句，读起来也很费力。最好的方法是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列句和复杂句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语，以及节缩成分。 看英语水平高不高，就看主语与谓语之间的距离有多长。Cooperation, a kind of valuable spirit which was not paid much attention to in the past, is increasingly becoming important in our modern society, especially in working.A14因为备考时间紧，所

13、以先练真题先练真题第一步：读完题目，在草纸上列出提纲，而后写作文，第二步，看范文看范文，再把自己文章与范文对照；第三步，重新写作文重新写作文；第四步，背诵范文背诵范文。这个阶段，至少每周要有进行一篇的作文写作，不断积累，到真正考试时才不至于发慌。A15A16A有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？ B有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？ C我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 Ho

14、wever, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the abo

15、ve-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的又一个坏处。 A17A18Nowadays, there emerge quite a few TV programs of dating, such as “If You Are the One” and “Lets Have a Date”, which attract many young people to take part in. The new form of dating evokes heated debate. Some people beli

16、eve it has provided an open platform for the young people, giving them a chance to show up and pursue their beloved ones. However, other people consider dating or pursuing love is a private thing, which shouldnt be carried out in public. Whats more, it has bad influence on the young people, because

17、sometimes the guests on TV dating programs show many bad morals, like attaching much importance to appearance or wealth. In my personal opinion, TV dating should not be prohibited. As long as this kind of programs are guided and supervised properly, they will function well in providing chances for t

18、he single and entertainment for the audience. A19Topic: The Moonlight Clan Outline:1)现在很多年轻人每个月都把自己赚的钱花光，他现在很多年轻人每个月都把自己赚的钱花光，他们被称作们被称作“月光族月光族”2)有人认为这是一种时尚的消费观念，但很多人反有人认为这是一种时尚的消费观念，但很多人反对这样消费对这样消费3)我对此的看法是我对此的看法是A20 The Moonlight Clan Nowadays, more and more people, especially the young are joining

19、 in the army of “the moonlight clan”. These people exhaust their earnings every month without any savings. Many people think this is a fashionable life style, while other people object to this kind of consumption style.Those who support “the moonlight clan” think that “the moonlight clan” knows how

20、to enjoy life and have a higher life quality. However, other people criticize “the moonlight clan”. They say that the consumption habit of “the moonlight clan” is unhealthy and sometimes wasteful. In addition, no savings will place “the moonlight clan” in a difficult position in case of unexpected e

21、xpenses.Weighing these two arguments, I prefer the latter one. In my eyes, though “the moonlight clan” may acquire temporary satisfaction from their consumption, in the long term, it is unfavorable to their family and career. Just as a proverb says, one should always prepare for a rainy day.A21A一个错误

22、观点。 B 我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。 There might be some element of truth in these peoples belief. But if we consider

23、 it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 A22命题主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论，其基本结构是：首先说明现状;其次阐述这种现状产生或存在的原因;最后对这一观点或现象进行解释和论证，提出建议或总结.这种题型常见的结构模式是:1.提出某种观点或现象2.论证该观点或现象的正确性或危害性3.结论, 再次强调主题,或表明自己的态度、做法 A23 Nowadays,

24、 there exists an increasingly serious social/ economic/ environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。 X has caused substantial impact on

25、the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more A24问题解决型作文要求考生从提示性文字或图表、图画入手，解释提示性

26、文字、图表、图画反映出的问题，提出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性;然后提出解决问题的方案或应对措施;最后一段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法等。 问题解决型基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。 With the development/improvement of ,.（ 空格一处铺垫，空格二处填写某一问题。） It is necessary that.（关注解决现象引出的问题很必要。） On the one hand, .（解决问题很必要的理由一。） On the other hand, （解决问题很必要的理由二。） Therefore, how to is worth paying at

27、tention.（承上启下，填要解决的问题。） Firstly（解决办法一。）Secondly（解决办法二。） For example,（举例解释解决办法二。）Thirdly, .（解决办法三。） In other words,（阐明解决办法三。）In fact, ways to are countless.（指出解决问题的办法多种多样Its time that （强调解决问题时不可待。）A25 It is obvious in the graphic / table that the rate / number / amount of Y has undergone dramatic cha

28、nges. It has gone up/ grown /fallen /dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of (多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, (第一个原因). More importantly

29、, (第二个原因). Most important of all, (第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势). 图表作文难点：图表作文难点：（1）审题：看懂图表内容

30、，弄清写作重点；（2）描述：主次分明，准确生动图表作文的段落设计：图表作文的段落设计：（1）开头段：说明该图表反映的概况，选择能充分说明主题的典型数据进行概述（2）中间段：对数据进行仔细的分析比较，归纳出增减速率，找出产生变化的原因； （3）结尾段：写出看完图表后的想法或评论，得出自己的结论。A26写作的基本原则 一、一、 长长 短短 句原则句原则 写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet t

31、he primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. A27 二、 主 题 句原则 每一段一定要写一个主题句，让读者一目了然 To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expe

32、ct to answer all the questions correctly.A28 三、三、 一一 二二 三原则三原则 1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：俗) 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：俗) 3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：俗) 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：俗) 5)to begin with

33、, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) 10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)A29 四、四、 短语优先原则短语优先原则 写作

34、时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如： I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。 A30 五、五、 多实少虚原则多实少虚原则 写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of

35、 the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩!A31开头段常用核心句型1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of .2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.

36、4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among .5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over .6) Never in our history has the idea that . been so popular.7) Faced with ., quite a few people argue that .8) According to a recent survey, .9) With the rapid development of ., .A32中间段的常用核心句型The chan

37、ge inmainly results fromThe increase inis due to the fact thatMany people would claim thatOne of the reasons given for is thatThere are a variety of reasons for this dramatic growth in First Second FinallyWhy are (is/do/did)? For one thing For anotherHistory is filled with the examples ofAs is shown

38、 in the table released by the government, it can be learned thatThere is (no) good evidence toWe must admit the undeniable fact thatNo one can deny the fact thatExperience (Evidence) suggests thatThe same is true ofA33结尾1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that .2) It is

39、 high time that strict measures were taken to stop .3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to .4) In conclusion, it is imperative that .5) There is no easy method, but .might be of some help.6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must .7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-me

40、ntioned issue, more problems will crop up.8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to .10) Taking all these into account, we .11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, on

41、e thing is certain/clear.A34六级写作常用谚语总结六级写作常用谚语总结 学习篇：（学习、教育的重要）学习篇：（学习、教育的重要） It is never too old to learn 活到老，学到老 Knowledge is power 知识就是力量 Knowledge is the food of the soul.知识是心灵之源 There is no end to learning. 学无止境 Without learning，without eyes 没有知识就是盲人A35品德篇：品德篇： 奋斗：奋斗：(努力奋斗、克服困难、不畏挫折努力奋斗、克服困难、不畏

42、挫折) success、accomplishment、achievement Failure is mother of success 失败是成功之母 Cease to struggle and you cease to live 生命不止，奋斗不息 Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才 Where there is a will，there is a way 有志者事竟成 Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind on it.世上无难事，只怕有心人A36 珍惜时间：

43、珍惜时间：time、saving time A young idler，an old beggar 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲 Every minute counts 分秒必争 Time lost cannot be called back again 时光一去不复返 To save time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就是延长生命A37 节俭：节俭：thrift、frugality The love of economy is the root of all virtue. 节约是一切美德的根源 Plain living and high thinking. 生活要朴素，

44、思想要高尚A38 勤奋：勤奋：diligence God helps those who help themselves 天道酬勤 A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔 Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧 自信：自信：confidence Never say die 永不言败 Self-trust is the first secret of success. 自信是成功的首要秘诀A39 耐性：耐性：patience、endurance、permanence Constant dripping wears away a stone 水滴

45、石穿 Fools haste is no speed 欲速则不达A40正反观点类专用谚语正反观点类专用谚语 Fire is a good servant but is a bad master 火是一把双刃剑 Every coin has tow sides 任何硬币都有两面。 Everything has its advantages and disadvantages. There is no agreement among citizensA41 1 Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ., more and more. are

46、 commonly and widely used in everyday life.(讲重要性) 2 The popularity of digital will have great influence on our work, study and everyday life. On the one hand , But on the other hand.（讲影响） 3To conclude, .are just like a double-edged sword. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in l

47、ife and enjoy a better-off life. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them.（结尾段） A42 1）Sth will make our life more enjoyable, that is to say, sth can add color to the dull routine of every day life. 。能让我们的生活更美好，也就是说，。可以给我们枯燥的

48、生活带来色彩 2）For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment 对于很多人来说，学习一门新技术占据了他们的生活和充实了他们的生活。 3）。, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom. 。占据了某人大部分时间

49、，使得某人没空想东想西（充实了某人生活） A43 4）Whats more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work. 住校为学生省去了不少时间，这样学生可以把更多的时间用在学习上 5）Little by little, our knowledge will be well enri

50、ched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. 一点一滴，这样做可以丰富我们的知识和拓宽我们的视野 6）For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.对于想过一种有意义的人来说，抽空学习一门新技术很重要 A44 7）The