高中英语主谓一致44张课件.pptx

1、Subject-Verb Agreement( (主谓一致主谓一致)语法一致语法一致就近原则就近原则意义一致意义一致就远原则就远原则“主语主语+ 附属结构附属结构” 作主语，谓语与作主语，谓语与主语主语一一致致即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。用复数形式。即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。动词用单数形式。即谓语动词

2、用单数形式还是用复数形式，即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。取决于最靠近他的主语。单数原则单数原则“主语被某些词修饰后主语被某些词修饰后，谓语动词只能用单，谓语动词只能用单数数语法一致：语法一致：1.当主语由当主语由and连结时，如果连结时，如果表示表示同一人同一人或或同一物同一物时，谓语动词时，谓语动词用用单数单数，此时，此时and后面的名词无冠词。后面的名词无冠词。 如如 表示表示不同不同的人或物时的人或物时, 谓语动词用谓语动词用复数，复数，此时此时and后面的名词后面的名词有冠词。有冠词。The worker and writer _(be) from Wuha

3、n.那个工人兼作家那个工人兼作家 The worker and the writer _(be) from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家那位工人和那位作家 is isareareThe League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D. were答案答案B. 注：注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选本题易误选D，因为，因为The League secretary

4、and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，别， monitor 前没有前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。To see is to believe.眼见为实。眼见为实。Whether well go depends on th

5、e weather. 我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。2.动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语), 动名词动名词(短语短语), 或从句作主语时或从句作主语时, 谓语谓语动词常用动词常用单数单数。例如：。例如： Something _ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch. Anybody who _ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. 3.不定代词不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, ever

6、yone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语，等作主语，谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数形式形式;hasbreaksTwo pictures _ on the wall, which attract many people.On the wall _ two pictures, which attract many people.Their teacher _ among the students, who is in her thirties.Among the students _ their teacher, who is in her thir

7、ties.4.倒装句中的语法一致倒装句中的语法一致arearestandsstands5 5、由分数或百分数、由分数或百分数+ +名词作主语时，谓语动词的名词作主语时，谓语动词的 形式与形式与of of 后面的名词的数一致后面的名词的数一致 即分数或百分数即分数或百分数+of+of+不可数名词不可数名词或或单数单数名词，名词， 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数 分数或百分数分数或百分数+of+of+复数复数名词，谓语动词用名词，谓语动词用复数复数 Ten percent of Ten percent of the pupilsthe pupils _ absent today. _ absent

8、today. Three-fourths of Three-fourths of the surface the surface of the earth _ sea.of the earth _ sea.areareis isExercises 1. Reading English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of English. (is/ are)2. Whether he comes or not _ of no matter. (is /are)3. To say _ one thing; to do _another. (i

9、s/are)4. Listening, speaking, reading and writing _four skills for English study. (is/are)5. Where to find the plant and what to do with it _still the problems to settle. . (is/are) isisisisareare 1.由集体名词由集体名词,如如group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, cre

10、w等作主语时等作主语时, ,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数单数形式形式, ,如果看成其中各成员，则用如果看成其中各成员，则用复数复数形式形式. . His family isis very large.他家是一个大家庭。他家是一个大家庭。 His family areare music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。他的家人都是音乐爱好者。意义一致：意义一致：1.The research group (is, are) made up of five people. 2.What (do, does) the group want for their lu

11、nch?3.Our family (is, are) not poor any more.4.He has to worry. His family (is, are) waiting for him.5.The class (is, are) more than forty in number.isdoisareis6.The class (have, has) disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic. haveNeither dog _ big. ( A. is B. are )Neit

12、her of them _ big. ( A. is B. are ) A Neither of the rabbits _ handsome. ( A. is B. are )A / BNeither rabbit _ handsome. ( A. is B. are )AA / B2.代词作主语代词作主语neither ofnone of不可数名词不可数名词+可数名词可数名词neither + 单数名词单数名词 谓语动词用谓语动词用单数或复数单数或复数How to use none and neither谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数3.Neither of us

13、 _ (was/were) ready when the party began.4. None of them _ (has/have) watched the talk show.have/haswas/were 1.None of these people _ doctors. A. has B. have C. are D. was 2.Neither of them _ a good singer. A. was B. is C. were D. is used to beCB3.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整一个整体概念体

14、概念时时, 谓语动词则用单数形式谓语动词则用单数形式;Two years _ passed since I left Ningbo;One million dollars _ a great sum of money.1.Every means _ been tried since then.A.has B. have C. are D. is 2. No news _ good news. (is / are)3. Maths / physics _ the subject that I like most. (is / are)4.以以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数结尾

15、的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如形式，如news, maths, physics, the United States ,works等等作主语作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式;hasisisishase.g. Tom is one of the students who_ good at playing football.Tom is the only one of the students who_ good at playing football.areis 注意注意 在在“one of+ +复数名词复数名词+ +关系代词关系代词” ” 的结构中，定语从句中谓

16、语动词用复的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用复 数形式；但是若前有数形式；但是若前有the only, , 将其限定为只将其限定为只有一个时有一个时, ,谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式. .5.thetheadj.adj.作主语作主语 thetheadj.adj., ,表示表示一类人一类人，谓语动词用，谓语动词用复数复数，如，如the old, the old, the young, the rich, the poorthe young, the rich, the poor等等 the+ the+ adj.,adj.,表示表示某个人某个人或或一类抽象的事物一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用，谓语

17、动词用单数单数，如，如the beautiful, the goodthe beautiful, the good等等 The old _ taken good care of in our society.The old _ taken good care of in our society. The rich _ for the decision but the poor The rich _ for the decision but the poor areare against against it.it. The wounded _ a young boy.The wounded _

18、 a young boy. The beautiful _not always the same as the good.The beautiful _not always the same as the good.arearearearewaswasis is A or B Not A but B Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B Verb就近原则：就近原则：1. 我们教室里有一台电视机和我们教室里有一台电视机和56张桌子张桌子.There are 56 desks and one television in our cl

19、assroom.There is one television and 56 desks in our classroom.存在句存在句: There be . 结构结构 Here There+Verb A and B A , B and CNot only you but also he _ wrong. (is/are)Neither you nor he _ right. (is/are)There _ two shops and a cinema beside the railway station. (is/are)Here _ a map and a handbook for yo

20、u. (is/are)isisareis_当主语后面跟有当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with,with ,like, rather than, together with , but , except, besides, ,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。1. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were)2.E-mail, as well as

21、 the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play wasA就远原则就远原则1Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been2A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come3. Everything

22、, including the clothes, _ stolen that evening. A. is B. was C. are D. were7No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed

23、 Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed 2223 the number of“的数量的数量”，主语是，主语是number，谓语用单数。谓语用单数。 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前词作主语时，

24、谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有有a （the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。单数。2425 补充补充 Exercises 1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam DbeExercises:3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having on

25、e examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come7No on

26、e except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed Dare killed 10. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _

27、 tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 11. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered12. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not deci

28、ded D. have not decided 13. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were14. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A . is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play

29、 15. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are16 No one but her parents _ it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing17. The results of the examination _that you have all made great _ . A. show; progre

30、ss B. shows; progress C. show; progresses D. shows; progresses18.Here _ a new pair of shoes for you. A. is B. are C. have D. has34巩固练习1. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, areC3536B373839407. The father a

31、s well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going411. Listening to loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers. （2015 湖南卷）湖南卷） A. is B. are C. has D. have答案：答案：C解析：根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓解析：根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动

32、词用单数形式，由此排除语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，两项，根据主语与根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除的主动关系，排除A项。项。高考解析高考解析2. Such poets as Shakespeare_widely read, of whose works，however, some_ difficult to understand. （2016四川卷）四川卷） A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are答案：答案：A 解析：主句中的主语应为解析：主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应复数，其后的非限

33、制性定语从句的主语应为为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是，谓语动词也应是复数。故选复数。故选A。3. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. （2014 全国全国卷）卷） A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn答案：答案：B解析：首先解析：首先the only one of 为先行词时，为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是定语从句修饰的是one，即，即one是主语，而非是主语，而非后面的复数后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，。另外，从从is可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除要用一般现在时，排除C，故选，故选A。