沥青发泡温拌技术课件.ppt

1、URBAN ROAD DESIGNChapter 2- Urban Road Network PlanningSchool of Civil EngineeringSchool of Civil Engineering4 March 2013Page 2Page 3Prefacen Urban planning (urban, city, and town planning) is a technical and political process concerned with the control of the use of land and design of the urban env

2、ironment, including transportation networks, to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. It concerns itself with research and analysis, strategic thinking, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation and management. Page 4Prefacen Real ur

3、ban planning is a relatively new concept. It gained popularity beginning in the mid-to-late 19th century, when it became obvious that there should be some kind of plan or larger goals for the growth of big cities like New York and Philadelphia. Before this time, cities very often grew as they had ne

4、ed, and the surrounding land was just swallowed up. London, Paris, Tokyo - none of these world cities had much urban planning, and even now, the addresses and streets in their older sections can be confusing even to natives.n Nowadays, urban planning takes all aspects of a city into consideration. I

5、t includes plans for safety, aesthetics and common sense placement of everything from houses to factories. Parents wouldnt want their childrens playground next to the water treatment plant, for instance, and urban planning helps eliminate such problems. Goals for attractive architecture for city bui

6、ldings are put into place and pleasing green spaces are planned. Good urban planning gets schools into the neighborhoods where they are needed most, places hospitals in centralized locations, allows for growth and plans roads accordingly. Page 5Prefacen Perhaps good urban planning is most evident in

7、 good roads planning in a city. Anticipating growth and traffic needs for a big city is crucial. Urban planners must consider how future growth will affect traffic flow and try to eliminate trouble spots before they become a problem. Even placing sewer systems and drainage systems is a necessary ele

8、ment of urban planning, albeit a less glamorous one. Urban planners must consider geography, the water table and numerous other elements of a citys landscape in order to properly plan for this necessity.n Because so many disciplines make up the larger concept of urban planning, a group of urban plan

9、ners may have widely divergent degrees: civil engineering, architecture, botany, landscape design, electrical engineering, business administration, and so on. Urban planners who are good at what they do are highly sought after by municipal governments. When efficient urban planning is used, cities a

10、re more attractive and serve their citizens to the best of their potential.Page 6Page 7Page 8Page 9Outlines1. Functions of Urban Road Network2. Shape Forms3. Key Technical Indexes4. Urban Road Network Planning ProcedurePage 101. Functions of Urban Road Networkn Traffic functionn Public spacen Disast

11、er prevention and relief n City structurePage 112. Shape FormsnUrban road network is formed by the combination of history, geography, nature, and scale of the city.nBasic shape forms: Square shape Radiating and circular shape Free shape Hybrid typePage 122. Shape Forms - Square shapen Suitable for s

12、mall and medium-sized flat cityn Regular arrangement, be helpful for building layoutn Intersections are too many, resulting in an un- convenient diagonal traffic.Page 13Old town of XianPage 142. Shape Forms Radiating and circular shapen Applicable for big and super-big cityn Subareas are connected w

13、ith the center closely.n The traffic in the center is heavy.Page 15Paris CityPage 16MoscowPage 172. Shape Forms - Free shapen Applicable for rolling terrain n Merged with the terrain and naturen Cause disorder traffic and abnormal intersectionsPage 18Page 192. Shape Forms Hybrid shape (most of the c

14、ity)Page 20Page 21Page 22城市道路网结构形式n方格网式n放射环式n自由式n混合式Page 233. Key Technical Indexesn Density of road networkn Density of road arean Road area per personPage 24城市规模与人口(万人)快速路主干路次干路支路道路网密度(km/km2)大城市2000.40.5 0.81.2 1.21.4 342000.30.4 0.81.2 1.21.4 34中等城市1.01.2 1.21.4 34大中城市道路网密度指标表大中城市道路网密度指标表城市人口(万人

15、)干路支路道路网密度(km/km2)5343515454615668小城市道路网密度指标表小城市道路网密度指标表Page 253. Key Technical Indexesn 道路面积密度是城市各类、各级道路占地面积与城市用地总面积之比值。其中道路用地总面积包括：交通广场、停车场及其它道路交通设施用地。城市道路规划设计规范规定一般以8%15%较为适宜。对于人口在200万以上的大城市，宜为15%20%。n 城市人口人均道路占有率宜为715平方米/人。其中，道路面积宜为613.5平方米/人，广场面积宜为0 .20.5平方米/人，公共停车场面积宜为0.81平方米/人。Page 263. Key T

16、echnical IndexesnNonlinear factorPage 274、 Urban Road Network Planning Proceduren 一、城市道路网规划设计的一般方法n 1）现状调查，资料准备n a、城市地形图n b、城市用地布局和交通规划初步方案n c、城市道路交通现状调查资料n d、城市发展社会经济资料n e、城市道路交通现状存在的问题n 2）道路系统初步方案设计n 3）对干道主要控制点、横断面形式、干道竖向布置等具体问题提出设计方案。n 4）修改道路系统规划方案n 5）绘制道路系统规划图n 6）编制道路系统规划方案说明n 二、城市道路系统规划的评价Page

17、28General process of urban road network planningn Investigation of current traffic and preparation of planning data;n Preliminary planning and modifying of road system;n Plotting plan of road system;(plane plan, standard cross plan, and vertical plan)n Describe the explanation.n Evaluation and modification processPage 29西客站片区内慢行道与外部慢西客站片区内慢行道与外部慢行道统一规划示例行道统一规划示例Page 30Homeworkn1. Read a paper and prepare a literature review;n2. Search the papers about Bus only lane and Bicycle only lane, prepare a presentation.Questions？