人教版新目标初中八年级下册现在完成时态.ppt课件.ppt

1、 八年级下册八年级下册 时态之二时态之二现在完成时的现在完成时的含义及用法含义及用法1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并并对现在有影响。对现在有影响。2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。现在的动作或状态。现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：肯定式： 主语主语 + 助动词助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词.否定式否定式: 主语主语 + 助动词助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词. 疑问式：疑问式： 助动词助动词Have/Has + 主语主语 + 动词的过

2、去分词动词的过去分词?用法用法现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。并对现在有影响。Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的窗户现在是坏的)I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙我现在没有钥匙)I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容不了解书的内容)I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的手是干净的)此时，现在完成时常与此时，现在完成时常与already(已经已经), yet(已经已经), just(刚刚刚刚),eve

3、r(曾经曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经翻译为已经 1. 你已经找到你的书了吗你已经找到你的书了吗? (find-found)2. 他们在这个城市建了许多房子他们在这个城市建了许多房子. (build-built)3. Judy还没到达还没到达. (arrive-arrived)4. 你吃过早饭了吗你吃过早饭了吗? (have-had)Have you found your book yet?Th

4、ey have built many buildings in this city. Judy hasnt arrived yet. Have you had breakfast ?试一试用法用法 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从自从) 3 oclock?for+ 时间段时间段since+时间点

5、时间点 , since+ 句子句子，since+ 时间段时间段+ ago用用for 或或since填空填空1. Mr. Brown has had his TV _15 years. 2. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . My friends havent visited me _ my birthday. We havent used our car _a long time . She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _ yea

6、rs. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old. forsinceforsinceforforsince 常用于现在完成时的时间副词常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词介词:already (已经已经): 用于肯定句用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter .yet(已经已经): 用于否定句用于否定句,疑问句疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚刚刚) They have just left. ever(曾经曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing

7、?never(从不从不) I have never seen him .before(以前以前) Have you seen the film before?since(自从自从以来以来) Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(长达长达) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的在过去的)recently(最近最近) I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止到目前为止)

8、So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止到目前为止)this morning/month/year(今天早上今天早上/这个月这个月/今年今年)have been 与与have gone 的用法比较的用法比较 have been to “到过，去过到过，去过”，表示曾经，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to “去了去了”，表示已经去了某，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。have been in “呆在某处一段时间了呆在某

9、处一段时间了”Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there, have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling , I went there last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。实义动词分为实义动词分为: 瞬间动词瞬间动词 、延续动词、延续动词 瞬间动词瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/en

10、darrive/comeleavediebuy注意注意: 瞬间动词不能和瞬间动词不能和时间段时间段连用连用. 在现在完成时的肯定句中，瞬间动词不能与表示短时间在现在完成时的肯定句中，瞬间动词不能与表示短时间的句子连用，否定句中可以。瞬间动词若要连用可替换的句子连用，否定句中可以。瞬间动词若要连用可替换成别的表达方式成别的表达方式:1. 瞬间动词可用于瞬间动词可用于“段时间段时间 + ago ” 的一般过去时句型的一般过去时句型4. 瞬间动词用于瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过一般过去时的句型中去时的句型中1. 他的爷爷已经去世他的爷爷已经去世2年了

11、。年了。 2. Nick 参军参军3年了年了.3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。他离开深圳好长时间了。4. 这本书我已借了这本书我已借了4个月了个月了. His grandpa has died for 2 years. Nick has joined the army for 3 years. He has left Shenzhen for along time. I have borrowed the book for 4 months. XXXXmethod 1: 动作动作状态状态die be over leaveborrow/buy arrive begin end/finish join

12、 marrykeep/had be away be here be on(上演）上演） be married be in be dead1. 他的爷爷已经去世他的爷爷已经去世2年了。年了。 2. Nick 参军参军3年了年了.3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。他离开深圳好长时间了。4. 这本书我已借了这本书我已借了4个月了个月了. His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. Nick has been in the army for 3 years. He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time. I have had

13、/kept the book for 4 months. method 2: It is + 时间段时间段 since +一般过去时的一般过去时的句子句子.1. 他的爷爷已经去世他的爷爷已经去世2年了。年了。 2. Nick 参军参军3年了年了.3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。他离开深圳好长时间了。4. 这本书我已借了这本书我已借了4个月了个月了. It is 2 years since his grandpa died. It is 3 years since Nick joined the army. It is a long time since he left Shenzhen. It is 4 months since I borrowed the book .