湖南2022语文数学英语物理化学高考真题.docx

1、2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；

2、如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGrading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.Essays (60%)Your four major

3、essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2= 15%; Essay 3= 15%; Essay 4= 20%.Group Assignments (30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through B

4、lackboard, our online learning and course management system.Daily Worth/In-Class Writing and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the pre

5、vious class lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due dat

6、e will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.21. Where is this text pr

7、obably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper.C. A course plan.D. An academic article.22. How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A. You will receive a zero.B. You will lose a lette

8、r grade.C. You will be given a test.D. You will have to rewrite it.BLike most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stu

9、ck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte w

10、rites in this months cover story. Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away from “ugly” (but quiet eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resou

11、rces used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand, lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike

12、 Curtin sees my arugula story all the time but for him, its more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by tak

13、ing donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just dont think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing w

14、aste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,” Curtin says.24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentiona

15、lly at times.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text? A. Moral decline.B. Environmental harm.C. Energy shortage.D. Worldwide starvation.26. What does Curtins company do?A. It produces kitchen equipme

16、nt.B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.27. What does Curtin suggest people do?A. Buy only what is needed.B. Reduce food consumption.C. Go shopping once a week.D. Eat in restaurants less often.CThe elderly residents(居

17、民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly peoples wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in

18、 care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.I like the project a lot. I a

19、m down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see theyve gone to bed.Its good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. Im enjoying the creative activit

20、ies, and it feels great to have done something useful.There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark

21、on the project, said: Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really hel

22、p connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.28. What is the purpose of the project?A. To ensure harmony in care homes.B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.C. To raise money for medical research.D. To promote the elderly peoples welfare.29. How has the project affec

23、ted Ruth Xavier?A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense of achievement.C. She has recovered her memory.D. She has developed a strong personality.30. What do the underlined words embark on mean in paragraph 7?A. Improve.B. Oppose.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.31. What can we learn about t

24、he project from the last two paragraphs?A. It is well received.B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable.D. It takes ages to see the results.DHuman speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common m and a to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But wh

25、y are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, su

26、ch as f and y, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damin Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned

27、 (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in t

28、he Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didnt have to do as much work and so didnt grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of f and v inc

29、reasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. The set of speech soun

30、ds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution, said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.32. Whic

31、h aspect of the human speech sound does Damin Blasis research focus on?A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B. They could not open and close their

32、 lips easily.C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Potential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D. A re

33、asonable doubt about the research process.35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A. It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分

34、)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “_36_” With a workout partner, you will increase yo

35、ur training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. So, how do you find a workout partner?First of all, decide what you want from that person. _37_ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your wor

36、kout partner.You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably wont result in a useful response. _38_ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice inclu

37、ded what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. _39_You and your partner will probably have different skills. _40_ Over time, both o

38、f you will benefit your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.C. Youll

39、 work harder if you train with someone else.D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.G. Any notice for training partner should include such information.

40、第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our _41_ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we _42_ along Chalk Creek.

41、 I was _43_ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was _44_, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So _45_ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It _46_ he didnt end u

42、p in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we _47_, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly _48_ our peaceful morning trip. The _49_ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to _50_ t

43、he motor. Nothing. He tried again. No _51_. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there _52_, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖) us back. We were _53_.Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of

44、 _54_, wondering what camping fun and _55_ we will experience next.41. A. ideasB. jokesC. memories D. discoveries 42. A. campedB. drove C. walked D. cycled 43. A. annoyedB. surprised C. disappointed D. worried 44. A. unhurtB. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid 45. A. due toB. instead of C. apa

45、rt from D. as for 46. A. workedB. happened C. mattered D. changed 47. A. signed upB. calmed downC. checked out D. headed off 48. A. arrangedB. interrupted C. completed D. recorded 49. A. windB. noise C. temperature D. speed 50. A. findB. hide C. start D. fix 51. A. luckB. answer C. wonder D. signal

46、52. A. patientlyB. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly 53. A. sorryB. brave C. safe D. right 54. A. reliefB. duty C. pride D. excitement 55. A. failureB. adventureC. performanceD. conflict第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空自处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to s

47、et up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). _56_ (cover) an area about three times _57_ size of Yellowstone National Park, the CPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _58_ (be) previously unprotected, bringing m

48、any of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _59_ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP _60_ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity a