2-英语句子成分.课件.ppt

1、句子成分句子成分主语（主语（subject）: 动作发出者。一般位于句首动作发出者。一般位于句首 The sun rises in the east.（名词）（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）（代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）（动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式）（不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is

2、round and tall like a tree.形式主语形式主语真正主语真正主语It=that the elephant is round and tall like a tree The rich should help the poor.名词化的形容词名词化的形容词1.Do exercise is good for your health.2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.V.不能做主语！不能做主语！指出下列句中主语的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is wa

3、lking into the classroom.介词不能作主语介词不能作主语 There is an old man coming here.There is an apple on the table.An apple is there on the table. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 找出下面句子的主语找出下面句子的主语 1. Our school is not fa

4、r from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.主语小测主语小测 单选：单选： 1.Mary with her two daughters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. are B. was C. is D. were 2._ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3._

5、is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They谓语（谓语（predicate）: 动作本身。常用动词或者动作本身。常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 I love you! They went to sleep very late last night. He practises running every morning. The plane took off at 10 oclock. How often do you go shoppin

6、g? Why didnt you come back last night?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cough. We are sudents. That idea sounds great!复合谓语：复合谓语：1.情态动词情态动词助动词助动词+v 2.系动词系动词+adj. Open the door, please! Go and get some water for me. Dont laugh at others! Dont c

7、ome back late tonight. 祈使句：祈使句： 1.省略主语省略主语you 2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形找出下列句子的谓语找出下列句子的谓语 I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. We had bet

8、ter send for a doctor. He is interested in music. Whom did you give my book to? 11. Put away your books right now! 按要求找出下列句子的主谓：按要求找出下列句子的主谓： 1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主谓）（主谓） 2. He broke a piece of glass. （谓）（谓） 3. Dont get nervous，and help yourself to what you like （主谓）（主谓） 4. Luckil

9、y the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. （主谓）（主谓） 5. There are many people in the hall.（主）（主） 6. Would you please pass me the cup? （主谓）（主谓）主谓小测主谓小测祈使句祈使句,省略主语省略主语you 1.It is difficult for me _ so much work within one night. Can you help me? A. finish B. finishing C. to finish D. f

10、inished 2.John with two of his friends _ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon. A. go B. went C. goes D.gone单选：单选：Its adj. for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是做某事对某人来说是的的 形式主语形式主语真正的主语真正的主语 to finish 3._ up early, or you will miss the early bus. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 4._ up early is good for you

11、r health. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 5.Wow! The cake tastes _! Can I have one more? A. well B. deliciously C. bad D. good 祈使句，谓语动词用原形祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语动名词做主语感官动词感官动词+adj.宾语：动作的承受者宾语：动作的承受者。 I like China. He hates you. How many do you need? We need two We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy

12、 working with you I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said? He is afraid of her-his headteacher. Under the snow, there are many rocks. 介词后面的宾语：介词后面的宾语：介宾介宾 注意：人称代词要用注意：人称代词要用宾格宾格 I decided to go with _. A. he B. his C. her D.they E.she He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man s

13、ome money. 间接宾语间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语直接宾语(sth)： 双宾双宾I think it hard to finish this difficult job before Sunday.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your job. How many new words did you learn last class?找出下列句子的宾语找出下列句子的宾语5

14、.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.7.They made him monitor of the class.8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.9.They think it impossible to get to the station in such a short time.句子成分句子成分

15、定语定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you know bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词

16、)(过去分词过去分词) 状语状语状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等 nI will be back in a while.nThey are playing on the playground.nHe was late because he got up late.nHe got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents d

17、ied, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness.9 9种状语种类：种状语种类： 1. How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith

18、lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）6. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9.She works very hard though she is o

19、ld.10.I am taller than he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）Senior EnglishGrade Three of the Senior High Department in the Fourth Middle School of WanyuanDesigned by Judy The Predicative表表 语语Lyne is an excellent student 表语主语连系动词. Definition（定义）（定义）表语表语: : 说明说明主语的身份主语的身份、性质性质、品性品性、特征特征和和状态状态表语表语: :由由名

20、词名词、动名词动名词、代词代词、数词数词、分词分词、副词副词、介词短语介词短语、形容词形容词、不定式不定式和和从句从句充当充当Eg. （例子例子） The person stood in front of you just now is my headmaster. I didnt know that it was you at that time. The door remained closed. Marys daily job is cleaning the house. 名词做表语名词做表语代词做表语代词做表语动词过去分词做表语动词过去分词做表语 动名词做表语动名词做表语 The ho

21、use is not only large but also beautiful. When I went to your house, you were out. No one was in the dorm, when she arrived. My job is to teach you English. The reason why he came late was that his clock didnt work. 介词短语做表语介词短语做表语副词做表语副词做表语形容词做表语形容词做表语不定式做表语不定式做表语从句做表语从句做表语. Position (位置位置) 表语位于表语位于

22、系动词系动词（be等词）后，构成主等词）后，构成主-系系-表表结构结构 (Subject-Predicative structure) 表语表语系动词系动词后的部分是表语后的部分是表语1. The war was over.2. They seem to know the truth.3. Time is precious.4. Im not quite myself today.5. That remains a puzzle.6. I dont feel at ease. 系动词系动词1）状态系动词状态系动词（be动词）动词） He is a teacher. （is 与表语一起说明主语的

23、身份）与表语一起说明主语的身份） 2）持续系动词持续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand He always kept silent at meeting. 3）表像系动词表像系动词 seem, appear, look, He looks tired. 4）感官系动词感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软这种布手感很软注意：系动词没有被动语态注意：系动词没有被动语态5）变化系动词变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall

24、, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达表达“证实证实”，“变成变成”之意之意 The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假这谣言证实有假. Linking Verbs (连系动词连系动词) 除了除了be，连系动词有：，连系动词有：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, fall, come, go（变成（变成）, become, grow（渐（渐渐地变化）渐地变化）, turn (变成，一般用于颜色变成，一般用于颜色), appe

25、ar, seem, get, keep, remain, stay. Notes1.代词做表语，用代词的宾格形式代词做表语，用代词的宾格形式2. 选择时，区分该用动词选择时，区分该用动词 -ed、动词、动词-ing，还是动词的，还是动词的 不定不定式做表语：主语是动作的发出者，且动作在持续进行时式做表语：主语是动作的发出者，且动作在持续进行时，用动词，用动词-ing；主语是承受者时，用动词；主语是承受者时，用动词 -ed；当动作是；当动作是主语要做的，用不定式主语要做的，用不定式 Eg. She remained there for an hour, which surprised every

26、one. A. to stand B. stand C. stood D. standing DExercises1. Who is knocking at the door？ Its _.A. I B. this C. me D. my 2. He is an old man who looks _.A. health B. friendly C. friend D. pleasantly3. They got so _ at the good news that they burst into cheers.A. excite B. exciting C. excitedly D. exc

27、ited CBD4. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _the readers.A.interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 5. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A.where there B. there where C. there D. where 6. He walked up to the bed

28、, in front of which _two strange cases.A. was B. were C. are D. had been DDB补语补语：补充说明的作用：补充说明的作用补语构成：名词补语构成：名词, 代词代词, 数词数词, 名词从句名词从句, 形容词形容词,过去过去 分词分词, -ing 形式形式, 不定式不定式, 介词短语介词短语v主语补语主语补语Tom was made monitorv宾语补语宾语补语I made Tom monitorv表语补语表语补语I am sure to succeed47主语补足语：主语补足语：补充说明补充说明句子主语的含义句子主语的含义

29、 It is said that she is from New Zealand = She is said to be from New Zealand It is said/ believed/ thought that 可转化为不定式作主语补语：可转化为不定式作主语补语： sb./ sth. is said/ believed/ thought to do sth形容词：可单独作主语的补语形容词：可单独作主语的补语Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.You stand up, very nervous.Thirsty, hungry and cold, the

30、 girl sells matchesThe goat rolled over, dead.Jimmy was elected monitor by us.We elected Jimmy monitor.被动语态中的主语补语，可转化为主动语态中的宾语补语被动语态中的主语补语，可转化为主动语态中的宾语补语宾语补足语：补充说明句子宾语的含义宾语补足语：补充说明句子宾语的含义形容词作宾语补足语：形容词作宾语补足语：Her smile makes us happyYou should make the door openI ask my sister to buy some food for me.

31、My father did not allow me to watch TV.I saw an old man cross the street.宾语与宾补在逻辑上是主谓关系宾语与宾补在逻辑上是主谓关系不定式作宾补不定式作宾补She considers him to be her Mr. right.The father forced Jack to eat too much.有些动词后面的宾补有些动词后面的宾补, 常用不定式常用不定式: ask, tell, order, beg, permit, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force,

32、 get, invite, want, wish, believe, consider, prove, suppose, encourage 宾语补足语省略宾语补足语省略 “to” I noticed him study hard. Sarah felt you cheat her. The boss had him work day and night. 感官动词：感官动词：see, look at, watch, notice, observe - “五看五看” let, have, make “三使三使” hear, listen to - “二听二听” feel “一感觉一感觉”I f

33、ind her (to) drink every night.He helps his little brother (to) study.find, help 的宾语补足语可省略的宾语补足语可省略 “to”He was heard to tell a fantastic story.The driver was made to park his car. The thief was found to run away.省略省略 “to” 的不定式作宾语补足语的不定式作宾语补足语, 在被动语态中要还原在被动语态中要还原 “to”现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补I felt the house sh

34、aking all day.You had kept me waiting here for long time.Can you hear someone singing?Heavy burden keeps student working hard.The police caught him stealing.现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补, 表示动作正在发生表示动作正在发生过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补I am glad to see the child well taken care of.Could you please make yourself known to us?He found

35、 himself inspired by his spirit.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补, 表示动作被执行表示动作被执行When I returned there, I found the bag gone.When he woke up, he found the outside world completely changed.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补, 表示动作已完成表示动作已完成I heard the song sung in English.He saw his wallet stolen.He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.Dont

36、leave those things undone.With + 宾语宾语 + 宾补：该结构宾补：该结构常在句中作时间、方式、常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语条件、原因等状语With so many things to do, we should hurry up.With its mother singing, the baby slept.She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.试述区别试述区别:My mother had me look after my little sister.My mother h

37、ad me looking after my little sister.My mother had my little sister looked after by me.I have a little sister to look after.I saw a girl treating the guests warmly at the party.I saw a girl well treated by that gentleman at the partyI saw a girl being treated at the party.I found my roommate reading

38、 books.I found my roommate having read three novels this month.I found my wallet stolen just now.同位语同位语 对句子的某一成分作对句子的某一成分作解释、说明解释、说明，在语法上，在语法上和这一成分处于和这一成分处于同等同等地位的句子成分。地位的句子成分。1I, the youngest son in the family, am often taken good care of. 同位语：同位语：_2The orphans daily necessitiesclothes, food, etc.a

39、re supplied by a kind-hearted teacher.同位语：同位语：_ the youngest son in the family clothes, food, etc.语法精解语法精解 1. 同位语同位语 the Appositive 同位语位于名词、代词后面同位语位于名词、代词后面. 同位语同位语由名词、代词、名词性短语由名词、代词、名词性短语、从句充当从句充当(1) 名词名词 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代词代词 I myself will do the experiment.(3) 数词数词 She is

40、the oldest among them six.(4) 从句从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded. (5) such as, that is 引导引导 Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. (6) of 引导引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. (7) or 引导引导 The freezing temperature, or freezing

41、point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 结冰温度即冰点结冰温度即冰点, ,是水在常压下结冰时的温度是水在常压下结冰时的温度1. My performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard, _ , I failed. A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time二二. 单项填空单项填空CDo the exercise 分析下面句

42、子成分分析下面句子成分1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构1）You are a student. 主语主语 表语表语2）He felt happy today. 主主 表表 状（时间）状（时间）6）He likes pop music.7）The sound sounds strange.8）The food tastes good.9）He gave me a book yesterday. 10）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.