英语基本成分和基本句型课件.pptx

1、句句 子子 成成 分分 主语主语 谓语谓语 表语表语 宾语宾语 补语补语 同位语同位语 定语定语 状语状语 （1）During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（2）We often speak English in class.（3）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（4）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（5）Smoking does harm to the health.（6

2、）The rich should help the poor.（7）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（8）It is necessary to master a foreign language.一一. 主语主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首一般位于句首。（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（名词化的形容词）（主语从句）（主语从句）（形式主语）（形式主语） 1. 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构

3、成。简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 Eg: He practices running every morning.2. 复合谓语：复合谓语： 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 Eg: You may keep the book for two weeks. He is watching TV.二二. 谓语谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后一般放在主语之后。（1）They went to see an exhibition yesterda

4、y.（2）The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（4）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.三三. 宾语宾语宾语表示动作的宾语表示动作的对象对象或或承受者承受者，一般位于，一般位于vt. 和和prep.后面。后面。（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（名词化形容词）（名词化形容词）（5）He pretended not to see me. （6）I enjoy listening to popular music.（7）I think（that）he is

5、 fit for his office.（不定式）（不定式）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（动名词）（动名词） （1）Our teacher of English is an American.（2）Is it yours?（3）The weather has turned cold.（4）The speech is exciting.（5）Three times seven is twenty one?四四. 表语表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动位于系动词之后词之后。（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（形容词）（形容词）（分词）（分词）

6、（数词）（数词） （6）His job is to teach English.（7）His hobby is playing football.（8）The machine must be out of order.（9）Time is up. The class is over.（10）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（介词短语）（介词短语）（副词）（副词）（表语从句）（表语从句）（1）Guilin is a beautiful city.（2）China is a developing coun

7、try; America is a developed country.（3）There are thirty women teachers in our school.（4）Open your mouth.五五. 定语定语 定语是对名词或代词起定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定修饰、限定作用的词、短语或作用的词、短语或句子，译为句子，译为 的的 。（形容词）（形容词）（分词）（分词） （名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（5）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （6）The teaching plan for next te

8、rm has been worked out.（7）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（8）He lost his new pen that was bought last week. （不定式短语（不定式短语）（动名词）（动名词）（介词短语）（介词短语）（定语从句）（定语从句）定语通常位于被修饰的。注：1、复合不定代词（something/nothing）之后； 2、不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰的成分后； 3、副词用作定语时须放在名词。（1）Light travels most quickly.（2）He h

9、as lived in the city for ten years.（3）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（4）He is in the room making a model plane.（5）Wait a minute.（6）Once you begin, you must continue.六六. 状语状语 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，通常放在动词之后通常放在动词

10、之后。（副词及副词性词组）（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（介词短语）（不定式短语）（不定式短语）（分词短语）（分词短语）（名词）（名词）（状语从句）（状语从句）（1）How about meeting again at six?（2）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（3）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（4）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（5）She put the eggs into the basket with gre

11、at care.状语的种类状语的种类（时间状语）（时间状语）（原因状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）（方式状语）（6）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（7）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（8）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（9）She works very hard though she is old.（10）I am taller than he i

12、s.状语的种类状语的种类（伴随状语）（伴随状语）（目的状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）（比较状语）七七. 补语补语 补语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种补语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。一般分为句子成分。一般分为主语补足语主语补足语和和宾语补足语宾语补足语。（1）We elected him chairman. （2）He slept last night with the light on. （3）They should keep these things in the box. （4）We imagine h

13、im to be a liar. （5）They was thought rather clever. (名词名词)(副词副词)(介词短语介词短语)(不定式不定式)(形容词形容词)八八. 同位语同位语 对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位面名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。语。同位语通常置于被说明的词之后同位语通常置于被说明的词之后。（1）Cixi, our hometown, is a beautiful city. （2）They each like English. （3）Are you

14、three ready to start out? （4）Word came that the king died. （名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（同位语从句）（同位语从句）1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the win

15、dow was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.操练：划分句子成分操练：划分句子成分1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to beUps

16、tairs at dusk (when the window was open).4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾定语直接宾语原因状语原因状语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语时间状语时间状语主语谓语谓语时间状语时间状语定语定语主语谓语谓语 宾语宾语状语状语状语状语操练：划分句子成分操练：划分句子成分指出画线部分在句子中所充当的成分：指出画线部分在句子中所充当的成分： To most Chinese basketball fans,

17、Yao Mings retirement is a big disappointment. Yao, a hero in their hearts, has made great contribution to the development of Chinese basketball and made it the most favorite sport in China. Now we can only wish him a good future.英语基本句型英语基本句型英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种五种基本句型基本句型一：一： （主谓）（主谓）二：二： （

18、主系表）（主系表）三：三： （主谓宾）（主谓宾）四：四： （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）五：五： （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）基本句型基本句型 一：一：+ i （主谓）（主谓）1. The sunrose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly.6. After visiting some places, we were singing and dancing in the open area. 基本句型基本句型 二：

19、二： + t + （主谓宾）（主谓宾）1. Who knows the answer? 2. He has refused to help them. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said Good morning. 5. He admits that he was mistaken. 基本句型基本句型 三：三： + （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）1.She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him

20、that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 基本句型基本句型 四：四： + （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）宾语补足语宾语补足语：位于：位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。对宾语作出说明的成分。The war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across th

21、e road.Who had the window broken?1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 基本句型基本句型 五：五： + （主系表）（主系表）There are some books on the desk. The

22、re came shouts for help from the river. There stands a big tree on the top of the e, stand, live, exist, *There be 结构结构： There be 表示表示“存在、有存在、有”， 此结构后跟名词，表示此结构后跟名词，表示“（存在）有某事物（存在）有某事物”。 除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可语可以

23、是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（s+v+o+c）为例：）为例： We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的

24、一位同我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告

25、。我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。a. b. c. d. e. 1，Pleas tell us a story._2, She smiled._3. His job is to train swimmers._4. He noticed a man enter the room._5. Please look at the picture._dabec A Lebanese who had left the country for Syria during the conflict between Israel and Hizbollah, returns with her

26、family following the ceasefire, at the Lebanon-Syria border in Magdel Anjar August 14, 2006. S + V A 53-point win over South Korea wrapped up a perfect Asian exhibition tour for a star-studded U.S. team on its way to the world championships. S + V + Opractice 1: Now great changes have taken place in

27、 our school. 2: Im afraid that I have made a serious mistake. 3: I think it necessary that he should do the test.S+VS+V+OS+V+O+C 4: Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire (蓝宝石) worth nearly six hundred thousand dollars at a Japanese exhibitio

28、n of jewels sent from an Indian museum.S+V+O 5: When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it. S+V+O+O 6: The cottages could be an example of the industry s odd love affair with “low technology,” a concept associated with t

29、he natural world.S+V+P 7: The next night and many nights thereafter, a kind of unspoken ritual (仪式) took place in that place with a beautiful garden.S+V 简单句简单句 Simple Sentence: He was a little man.并列句并列句 Compound Sentence: He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.复合句复合句 Complex Sentence: He, who was Pauls Chemistry teacher, was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.butbutwhoand, but, or, for, so