2关系词的作用.课件.ppt

1、1.1.概念概念2.2.关系词的作用关系词的作用 （7 7）3.3.关系词的种类关系词的种类（4 4）4.4.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 5.5.定语从句中的一些应注意的问题定语从句中的一些应注意的问题1. 1.定语从句在句子中做定语从句在句子中做定语定语, ,修修 饰主句中的饰主句中的名词名词或或代词代词2. 2.被修饰的名词或代词叫被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词3. 3.定语从句必须放在先行词定语从句必须放在先行词后后面面1.关系代词：关系代词：who, whom, whosethat, which指人：指人：who, whom, whose, th

2、at指物：指物：which, that, whose2.关系副词：关系副词： where, when, why1. 1.连接主句和从句连接主句和从句; ;2. 2.代替先行词代替先行词; ;3. 3.在从句中做一个成分。在从句中做一个成分。 where 在从句中做在从句中做地点状语地点状语 Eg: we went to the factory (where my father once worked). when 在从句中做在从句中做时间状语时间状语 Eg: I will never forget the day (when we worked together). why 在从句中做在从句中

3、做原因状语原因状语Eg: Can you tell me the reason (why you are late again for school)?A. A. 限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句： a. a. 语义：从句具有重要的意义语义：从句具有重要的意义限定功能限定功能。 b. b. 标点：从句与主句之间不用标点：从句与主句之间不用逗号逗号。B. B. 非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句： a. a. 语义：从句对主句先行词的语义：从句对主句先行词的补充说明补充说明。 b. b. 标点：从句用逗号与主句隔开。标点：从句用逗号与主句隔开。 c. c. 连词：不用连词：不用thatthat。

4、She has two sons who are PLA men. (Maybe she has sons who are not PLA men.) She has two sons, who are PLA men. (She has two sons. They are both PLA men.)A. 当先行词被下列词修饰时：当先行词被下列词修饰时： a. a. 形容词最高级形容词最高级 b. b. 序数词序数词 c. c. 数量限定词数量限定词all, any, no, everyall, any, no, every等。等。 d. d. 强调意义词强调意义词the only, th

5、e same, the the only, the same, the veryvery。 B. B. 当先行词为不定代词时：当先行词为不定代词时： a.a.数量不定代词数量不定代词much, all, little, nonemuch, all, little, none等。等。 b.b.复合不定代词复合不定代词everything, everybody, everything, everybody, nobody, nothing nobody, nothing等。等。 c.c.当先行词既包含人有包含物时。当先行词既包含人有包含物时。 d.d.当先行词在主句、从句中都作表语时。当先行词在主

6、句、从句中都作表语时。 e.e.当句中已有当句中已有whichwhich时，为避免重复。时，为避免重复。 f.f.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词宜用有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词宜用whichwhich，另一个宜用，另一个宜用thatthat。 This is the most interesting film Ive ever seen. This is the best that has been used against pollution. What is your first American film that you have seen? The train is the l

7、ast that will go to Beijing. Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? You should hand in all that you have. This is the very book that I am looking for. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? Which is th

8、e bike that you lost? They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution. Tianjin is no longer the city that is used to be. A.当关系代词前有介词时：如当关系代词前有介词时：如in which, on which, from which ,with which等等 B. . 用于非限定性定语从句中用于非限定性定语从句中 This is the pen with which I wrote the l

9、etter. The people to whom the man spoke werent listening. The book about which I heard was written twenty years ago. She heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.1.1.当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,one,ones,anyone,或或thosethose时时: : Anyone who breaks the laws should be punished. Those who are not

10、fit for their work should leave office at once.2.There be结构中，主语为人时结构中，主语为人时： There are some students in the class who are not still sure about the use of the Attributive Clause. 3. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中的一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中的一个定语从句的关系代词用一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个宜，另一个宜用用who。 The boy that you met at the school gat

11、e yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.1.1.当先行词既有人，又有物时：当先行词既有人，又有物时： Eg: The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.2. 当句中已有当句中已有whowho时：时： Eg: Who is the old man that is walking with Tom?Who (在定语从句中做主语）指人在定语从句中做主语）指人注：从句中谓语动词和先行词一致注：从句中谓语动词和先行词一

12、致Eg: The boy who is playing on the grass is her brotherWhom （在定语从句中做宾语）指人注：口语中可用“who”和“that”代替, 若其前面没有介词则可省.Eg: Is the man (whom) we saw just now your teacher? This is the man from whom I learnt the news.Whose （在定语从句中做定语）指人也可指物Eg: Whats name of the boy whose brother is a doctor? We had a meeting who

13、se purpose was completely unclear.That (在定语从句中做主语或宾语）既可指人也可指物Eg: The boy that/who is standing there is my cousin.(主语，人)Ive read the newspaper that/which carries the important news. （主语。物）I dont know the man (that/who) you mentioned.（宾语，人）This is the irrigation system (that/which) the peasants built last year.（宾语，物）Which (在定语从句中做主语或宾语）指物Eg: A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.