英语合成词.课件.ppt

1、构词法三种方式构词法三种方式: 派生法、转化法、合成法。派生法、转化法、合成法。 派生法派生法(affixation) 指在词上附加前缀或后指在词上附加前缀或后缀缀, 构成新词。构成新词。形容词后缀形容词后缀 (1) 带有带有“属性属性, 倾向倾向, 相关相关”的含义的含义 1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al, natural, additional, educational 3)-an, -ane, urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant, -e

2、nt, distant, important, excellent 5)-ar, similar, popular, regular 1. 表示否定的前缀：表示否定的前缀：un- unfair, unhappynon- nonsmoker, non-violentin- inactive, inhuman, indirectdis- disagree, disappear im- impolite, impossibleil- illegalir- irregularI. 前缀前缀 (prefix) ：2. 表示错误或失当的前缀表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misjudge, misdirec

3、t(误导误导)3. 表示向背的前缀表示向背的前缀:pro- pro-Chinese, pro-Americananti-antiwar, anti-Japanese war4. 表示程度、大小的前缀表示程度、大小的前缀super- superstar, supermarket, superman, superpowerover- overhead, overeat, overusemini- minibus, miniskirt, minicarunder- underground, underdevelop semi- semicircle, semiskilled, semisteel5.

4、 表示时间的前缀表示时间的前缀pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-foretell, forecast, foresee, weatherforcast6. 表示方位的前缀：表示方位的前缀：sub-subway, submarineinter-international, intercity, interclasstrans- translate, transatlanticII. 后缀：后缀：不改变词根的基本意义不改变词根的基本意义, 而是改变了词性。而是改变了词性。1. 动词变名词：动词变名词：-ation satisfaction, education, realiza

5、tion-ment development, movement, disappointment-al arrival, refusal-ee trainee, employee-er teacher, worker-or visitor, sailor2. 形容词变名词：形容词变名词：-ness happiness, meanness, carelessness-ity ability, possibility -ism Marxism, criticism3. 名词、形容词变动词：名词、形容词变动词：-ify beautify, simplify-ize realize-en quicken

6、, widen, sharpen4. 名词变形容词：名词变形容词：-y windy, rainy, sandy-ish foolish, feverish-some handsome, troublesome-ous dangerous, humorous-ful helpful, careful, peaceful1. The Chicago Bulls are not as _ as they were when Michael Jordan played for them.2. When Yao Ming hurt his head, it was very _.powerfulpain

7、ful用所给词的正确形式完成下列句子。用所给词的正确形式完成下列句子。beauty care hope pain power wonder3. He had to be very _ when he played after the accident.4. The fans are all _ that the team will do well this year.5. Its terrible when we lose, but its _ when we win.carefulhopefulwonderful根据句意用所给单词的正确形式填空。根据句意用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. Th

8、ere is some _ (possible) that our team will win the basketball match. 2. We must take measures to prevent factories from sending out _ (poison) gases into the air.3. To my _ (disappoint), he failed to pass the college entrance exam this year. possibilitypoisonous disappointment4. It is much more _ (

9、comfort) to travel by air than by ship. 5. It was because of his _ (care) that the car accident happened. 6. She had done something wrong and told us she was _ (true) sorry about fortablecarelessnesstruly7. On his _ (arrive) at the airport, he received a warm welcome from the teachers and students.

10、8. Many of his answers are _ (correct), so the teacher asked him to do the exercises again. 9. She was going to take part in the party, but an _ (expected) guest dropped in on her. arrivalincorrect unexpected 10. The meeting supposed to be _ (success) turned out to be a failure in the end. successfu

11、l 将下列单词加前缀或后缀派生出一个新将下列单词加前缀或后缀派生出一个新词。词。1. argue 2. spoon 3. advantage 4. polite 5. pleasant 6. attract 7. sleep argument spoonfuldisadvantage impolite/ politely unpleasant / pleasantly attractive / attraction asleep / sleepy / sleepless 8. courage 9. discuss 10. visit encourage / encouragement disc

12、ussion visitor 英语中英语中, 有的名词可作动词有的名词可作动词, 有的形容词可有的形容词可作副词或动词作副词或动词, 这种把一种词性用作另一种这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。1) 动词转化为名词动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词, 大多意思没有多大多意思没有多大的变化大的变化(如下如下); 有时意思有一定变化有时意思有一定变化(如如下下); 有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作语，表示一个动作(如下如下)。例如：。例如：Conversion 转化词转化词Let

13、s go out for a walk. 我们到外面去散散步吧。我们到外面去散散步吧。He is a man of strong build. 他是一个体格健壮的汉子。他是一个体格健壮的汉子。Lets have a swim. 咱们游泳吧。咱们游泳吧。2) 名词转化为动词名词转化为动词很多表示物件很多表示物件(如下如下)、身体部位、身体部位(如下如下)、某类人、某类人(如下如下)的名词可以用作动词的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下如下)也可也可作动词。例如：作动词。例如：Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗

14、你订好飞机座位了吗?Please hand me the book. 请把那本书递给我。请把那本书递给我。She nursed her husband back to health. 她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。We lunched together. 我们在一起吃了午餐。我们在一起吃了午餐。3) 形容词转化为动词形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如：有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如：We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。4)

15、副词转化为动词副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：Murder will out.(谚语谚语)恶事终必将败露。恶事终必将败露。5)形容词转化为名词形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下如下)；某些形容词如；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与等与the连用，表示一类连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下如下)。例如：例如：You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼

16、中该穿黑色衣服。你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 1) Chamberlain averaged over 50 points a game for and entire season. Averaged is a verb describing what Chamberlain did.2) During this time, his average was more than 30 points a game. Average is a noun

17、 telling us what we are talking about.I. Read the sentences and answer the questions.3) Jordan was the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season. Score is part of “to score” the infinitive of the verb telling us what Jordan did.4) The final score was 169-147. Score is a noun telling

18、us what we are talking about. a)Whats the difference in the way average and score are used in these sentences?b) Does the meaning of the words change when they are used differently? No, it doesnt.II. Rewrite the sentences and tell the differences between them.1. The Chicago Bulls won their first cha

19、mpionship in 1991. There was a first championship _ for the Chicago Bull in 1991.win2. Jordan surprised everyone when he retired. It was _ for everyone when Jordan retired.3. They changed the rules of the game to try to stop him. There was _ in the rules to try to stop him.a surprisea change1. A lot

20、 of young boys _ about playing in the NBA.2. The _ of the game was incredible -169-147.dreamresultIII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.dream question result star work3. Michael Jordan was the biggest _ of the Chicago Bulls for many years.4. My uncle _ as a traine

21、r for the Shanghai Sharks.5. The teacher often asks us _ about basketball.starworkedquestionsIV. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.1. He _ his arm playing basketball.2. Yao Ming injured his _ during a game.3. Jordans total of points is a world _.brokeheadrecordbrea

22、k head play record4. Chamberlain _ for four different NBA teams.5. After the game, the fans _ for the exit.6. We _ the commentary of the game on a cassette.playedheadedrecorded7. Has there ever been a film or a _ about basketball?8. There was a ten-minutes _ in the game because a player was injured.

23、playbreak合成词合成词合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成的一个新词。成的一个新词。一一. 合成名词合成名词, 如如: workforce, haircut, postman, X-ray, mailbox, landowner, farmland, handstand, handshake, coastline, gunfire, short-wave, gentleman, newcomer, tightrope, best-seller, mainland, freeway, second-hand, midday, front-runner, pick

24、pocket扒手扒手, breakwater防波堤防波堤, runway, sit-downer静坐罢工者静坐罢工者, breakthrough突破突破, runaround借口借口, runaway逃亡逃亡, sell-out售售完完, handout传单传单, breakdown衰落衰落二二. 合成形容词合成形容词, 如如: worldwide, nationwide, duty-free, snow-white, world-famous, lifelong, English-speaking, noise-killing, hand-made, peace-loving, horse-

25、drawn, fun-loving, ready-made现成的现成的, good-looking, easy-going, low-lying地势低地势低洼的洼的, well-known, hard-working, well-informed消息灵通的消息灵通的, widespread, ill-formed, first-rate, second-hand, worthwhile, everyday, middle-aged, warm-blooded, good-tempered, bare-footed 三三. 合成代词合成代词, 如如: himself, herself, them

26、selves, something, someone, anything, nobody四四. 合成动词合成动词, 如如: overthrow, output, input, uphold, uplift, downgrade, sleep-walk, typewrite, brainwash, handpick精选精选, daydream, whitewash, deep-freeze五五. 合成副词合成副词, 如如: meanwhile, midway, everywhere, somewhere, anyway, otherwise, sometime, beforehand, onsh

27、ore, inside, offhand, headfirst头朝下地头朝下地, daylong构词法的综合练习构词法的综合练习单项填空单项填空1. That man was _ enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A. care B. careful C. careless D. carelessness B2. The soldier died for saving the child, so his _is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D.

28、 death3. We stood there _ at the _ sight. A. frightened; frightful B. frightening; frightful C. fright; frightening D. frightful; fright DA4. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a _. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemist D. physician5. The three- _ chair isnt suitable for a young child. He m

29、ay fall off. A. legging B. legged C. legs D. legedCB6. Stephenson became the _ railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership7. When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem, Jack looked _ about at his classmates. A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridelyCB8

30、. To everyones _, the girl finished the job quite well. A. satisfied B. satisfactory C. satisfying D. satisfaction9. No one should enter the spot without the _ of the police. A. permit B. permission C. permitting D. permittenceDB10. What are you doing here? Oh, my teacher asked me to write a passage

31、 about _ in English. You can write _ passage in English? A. 600 words; a 600-words B. 600-word; a 600-words C. 600 words; a 600-word D. 600 words; a 600-wordsC11. You must come with us to the police _. Our head is waiting for you. A. headquarters B. headline C. headmaster D. headache12. Canada is ma

32、inly an _ country. A. English-speaking B. speak-English C. spoken-English D. English-spokenAA13. His father possesses a _ factory, which does most of the pollution to this river. A. paper-make B. paper-making C. papers-made D. paper-made B14. The doctor said that the old mans condition was _ and that they had tried their best. A. hope B. hoped C. hopeful D. hopeless 15. The black people were against slavery and fought for their _ bravely. A. free B. freely C. freedom D. frees DC