可持续发展的煤炭利用课件.pptx

1、可持续发展的煤炭利用可持续发展的煤炭利用Transforming Coal for Sustainability 国合会国合会 能源专题组能源专题组TFEST of CCICED1谢谢观赏2019-4-18中国目前的能源系统是不可持续的中国目前的能源系统是不可持续的The energy system in China is unsustainable 将来面临的风险：将来面临的风险：l过度依赖石油进过度依赖石油进口口l环境状况迅速恶环境状况迅速恶化化l温室气体减排代温室气体减排代价高昂价高昂 lChina will become overly dependent on oil imports

2、as a result of rapidly growing demand for liquid fuelslSevere environment damages caused by direct combustion of coallChina will not be able to make its contribution to mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under low cost.2谢谢观赏2019-4-18中国一次能源将来仍将以煤炭为主中国一次能源将来仍将以煤炭为主The coal is the main part of p

3、rimary energy in China Total Primary Energy Supply020406080100120140160199520002005201020152020202520302035204020452050199520002005201020152020202520302035204020452050BASE CASE Updated modelUpdated AdvTech with All Caps and Low NuclearExajoulesEFFICIENCYRENEWABLESNUCLEARCBMNGASOILCOALGasificationCOA

4、LCombustionBase TechnologiesAdvanced TechnologiesSO2, 30% Oil&Gas, 66 Gt C Caps 3谢谢观赏2019-4-18以合理成本降低上述风险的方案To mitigate these risks at reasonable costl中国能源模型分中国能源模型分析表明，面对这析表明，面对这些风险，传统的些风险，传统的技术方案无法解技术方案无法解决问题。决问题。l通过采用煤炭现通过采用煤炭现代化利用的战略代化利用的战略能够以合理的代能够以合理的代价降低上述风险价降低上述风险lThe business as usual mode

5、cant solve the above mentioned problem .lThrough modernization of coal utilization, the above mentioned problems could be solved with reasonable cost. 4谢谢观赏2019-4-18煤炭现代化利用的含义Meaning of Modernization of coal utilization l煤炭的现代化是指通过煤气化技术来生产热能是指通过煤气化技术来生产热能，电力，运输用清洁燃料，炊事用燃料等，即多，电力，运输用清洁燃料，炊事用燃料等，即多联产能

6、源系统。联产能源系统。lModernization of coal utilizationlarge scale gasification of coal and coproduction of liquid fuels(methanol, dimethyl ether, etc), other value-added chemicals and electric power. If necessary, syngas and heat for residential use could also be provided. It is so-called polygeneration syst

7、em. 5谢谢观赏2019-4-18采用先进技术方案的效果采用先进技术方案的效果The effect of Advanced Technologies Scenario l成本与传统技术方案相当成本与传统技术方案相当l煤炭开采量与传统技术方煤炭开采量与传统技术方案相当案相当lSO2的排放从的排放从1995年的年的2370万吨下降到万吨下降到2020年年的的1620万吨、万吨、2050年的年的880万吨。万吨。l石油与天然气进口量限制石油与天然气进口量限制在总消耗量的在总消耗量的30%左右。左右。l 累计累计CO2排放量少于排放量少于660亿吨碳亿吨碳lProvides the same ene

8、rgy services at about the same cost as the Base technologies strategy lSO2 emissions are reduced from 23.7 Mt in 1995 to 16.2 Mt in 2020 and 8.8 Mt in 2050 lImports of oil and natural gas are limited to 30% of consumption of oil and gas over the long-term l66 Gt C caps 6谢谢观赏2019-4-18实施煤炭现代化利用战略刻不容缓

9、Urgent Action by Chinas Leadership is Required l要增加到要增加到2020年的小康年的小康水平水平 ，中国的煤电装机，中国的煤电装机增量约为增量约为5亿亿kW l若不早做安排，新建煤若不早做安排，新建煤电会全部采用直接燃烧电会全部采用直接燃烧的方式，左右今后的方式，左右今后30年年煤炭利用格局煤炭利用格局l需要国家总体调控下，需要国家总体调控下，在总量中安排部分以煤在总量中安排部分以煤气化为核心的多联产项气化为核心的多联产项目。目。 lFor modernization, rapidly growth of electricity is neede

10、d. llarge investments are planned for electricity over the next decade that will lock in the mode of coal use of China through 2020 and for many decades thereafter. lIt is extremely necessary to have strategies programmed to arrange the polygeneration plants just from now 7谢谢观赏2019-4-18实施煤炭现代化战略刻不容缓

11、实施煤炭现代化战略刻不容缓( (一一) ) Urgent Action by Chinas Leadership is Required (1)今后20年燃煤发电装机容量预测Projection for Coal Power Plant Capacity 010020030040050060020002005201020152020GigawattsPost-2000 New CapacityPre-2000 Capacity8谢谢观赏2019-4-18实施煤炭现代化战略刻不容缓实施煤炭现代化战略刻不容缓( (二二) ) Urgent Action by Chinas Leadership i

12、s Required (2) 如果延误过渡到以气如果延误过渡到以气化为基础的多联产技化为基础的多联产技术的时机，将会：术的时机，将会：l显著增加将来中国治显著增加将来中国治理空气污染的成本；理空气污染的成本；l难以控制未来石油进难以控制未来石油进口口l大大增加减排温室气大大增加减排温室气体的成本。体的成本。 Delaying the start of the transition to coal gasification-based polygeneration technology would significantly increase: lthe costs to China of ai

13、r pollution damages, lthe costs of oil imports, lthe costs of reducing GHG emissions. 9谢谢观赏2019-4-18增加空气污染的治理成本增加空气污染的治理成本 The costs of air pollution damagesl我国环境已经非常恶劣我国环境已经非常恶劣 酸雨面积占国土面积的酸雨面积占国土面积的40l大气污染主要是燃煤排大气污染主要是燃煤排放放l城市污染主要是汽车尾城市污染主要是汽车尾气气l按现有技术，能耗总量按现有技术，能耗总量持续增长，将对环境与持续增长，将对环境与公众健康造成非常大的公众

14、健康造成非常大的损害损害（损失占（损失占GDP13%）lThe environment of China is seriously badlThe majority of air pollution comes from direct combustion of coallThe main cause of urban area air pollution is the emission of carlSevere additional public health and environmental damages will occur in China with very large eco

15、nomic consequences (projected to grow from over 7% of GDP to 13% of GDP in 2020) 10谢谢观赏2019-4-18我国液体燃料短缺现象日趋严重我国液体燃料短缺现象日趋严重 Shortage of liquid fuel and energy security l预计到预计到2020年，进口年，进口量将超过总消费量的量将超过总消费量的50%以上，这将严重以上，这将严重影响我国的能源安全影响我国的能源安全。 l加强石油勘探开采，加强石油勘探开采，实施走出去战略，多实施走出去战略，多渠道进口石油是主要渠道进口石油是主要措施

16、措施 l从我国比较丰富的煤从我国比较丰富的煤炭转化为车用液体燃炭转化为车用液体燃料是一个重要的战略料是一个重要的战略 lThe import oil percentage by the year of 2020 will be more than 50%.lthe enhancement of exploitation of the petroleum is the main method.lthe production of liquid fuel from the relative abundant coal reverse in china is strategically import

17、ant. 11谢谢观赏2019-4-18我国煤炭转化为车用液体燃料战略我国煤炭转化为车用液体燃料战略 Production of liquid fuel from coall直接液化基本投资直接液化基本投资大，所得油品质量大，所得油品质量低低 l间接液化能量转换间接液化能量转换率低率低 l最重要的是在经济最重要的是在经济上无法和石油炼制上无法和石油炼制竞争竞争 l煤气化多联产系统煤气化多联产系统 是较好选择是较好选择lthe quality of fuel is bad (direct liquefaction) lThe energy transformation ratio is low

18、(indirect liquefaction), leconomically unfeasible lThe poly-generation is a good option12谢谢观赏2019-4-18增加温室气体减排成本增加温室气体减排成本 Increase Increase the costs of reducing GHG emissionsl我国在我国在1995年所排放年所排放的的CO2 总量达总量达30亿吨亿吨，占世界总排放量的，占世界总排放量的13.6%l我国的我国的CO2 排放迟早排放迟早会受到限制会受到限制l常规技术的燃煤电站减常规技术的燃煤电站减排排CO2 非常困难非常困难

19、lThe CO2 emission of China in 1995 is 13.6% of total emission in the worldlThe CO2 emission will be limited sooner or later.l mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in conventional coal power plant will lead to high cost.13谢谢观赏2019-4-18煤气化多联产的技术优势（一）煤气化多联产的技术优势（一）The advantage of modernization co

20、al utilization （1）l污染排放水平接近天污染排放水平接近天然气联合循环，满足然气联合循环，满足最严格的环保要求最严格的环保要求l可以生产清洁液体燃可以生产清洁液体燃料，缓解石油进口压料，缓解石油进口压力和城市污染力和城市污染l与与IGCC相比，经济上相比，经济上具有竞争力，发电成具有竞争力，发电成本接近带脱硫脱销装本接近带脱硫脱销装置的燃煤蒸汽电站置的燃煤蒸汽电站l合成气制造二甲醚：合成气制造二甲醚：性质类似性质类似LPG，解决，解决农村分散用能农村分散用能lThe pollution of coal power generation will be lower down to

21、 the level of natural-gas fired combined cycle power plants.lPolygeneration can provide clean transportation fuels, which are much better than petroleum derived gasoline and diesel fuels from them the point of view emission, thus, to reduce the petroleum import significantly.lNot like “pure” integra

22、ted gasification combined cycle (IGCC), polygeneration based on coal gasification can make the clean power generation economically competitive.lProduce DME (similar as LPG), solve the distribution energy serve problem in rural area.14谢谢观赏2019-4-18煤气化多联产的技术优势（二）煤气化多联产的技术优势（二）The advantage of moderniz

23、ation coal utilization （2）l将会使我国汽车工业、发将会使我国汽车工业、发动机制造业走出具有中国动机制造业走出具有中国特色的道路，实现跨越式特色的道路，实现跨越式前进前进 l清洁地利用高硫煤，解决清洁地利用高硫煤，解决相关问题。相关问题。l为低成本实现为低成本实现CO2减排提减排提供可能供可能lA very prospective opportunity for Chinese automobile industry to have own intellectual property and to realize the leap-frog movement forwa

24、rd. lUse the high sulfur coal cleanly.lProvide the probability of low cost mitigation of CO2 in the long term.15谢谢观赏2019-4-18煤炭现代化的前景煤炭现代化的前景Vision for Modernized Coal Energy CarriersElectricitySteamTown gasMethanol/gasoline blendF-T/Diesel blendDMEEnd usesIndustryTransportationDomesticTertiaryAgric

25、ultureNear / Medium termEnergy CarriersElectricitySteamHydrogenDMEEnd usesIndustryTransportationDomesticTertiaryAgricultureLong termInfrastructure RequirementsNear / medium-term Medium / long- term Long-termHydrocarbons DME HydrogenFeedstocksCoalHeavy oilsPetroleum residualsBiomassWastesNatural gasG

26、asification(syngas generator)POLYGENERATIONEnergy CarriersElectricitySteamTown gasMethanol/gasoline blendF-T/Diesel blendDMEEnd usesIndustryTransportationDomesticTertiaryAgricultureNear / Medium termEnergy CarriersElectricitySteamHydrogenDMEEnd usesIndustryTransportationDomesticTertiaryAgricultureLo

27、ng termInfrastructure RequirementsNear / medium-term Medium / long- term Long-termHydrocarbons DME HydrogenInfrastructure RequirementsNear / medium-term Medium / long- term Long-termHydrocarbons DME HydrogenFeedstocksCoalHeavy oilsPetroleum residualsBiomassWastesNatural gasGasification(syngas genera

28、tor)POLYGENERATION16谢谢观赏2019-4-18煤炭现代化的发展阶段煤炭现代化的发展阶段Three Step of Coal Modernizationl近期，生产多种清洁近期，生产多种清洁合成燃料合成燃料l中期中期,联产城市煤气、联产城市煤气、二甲醚、电力等多种二甲醚、电力等多种能源载体来供应城市能源载体来供应城市和农村的各种能量需和农村的各种能量需求。求。l在远期，以最低廉的在远期，以最低廉的成本实现成本实现CO2近零排放近零排放的氢能生产。的氢能生产。lNear term, product of various clean alternative liquid fuel

29、lMedium term, town gas, methanol, F-T liquids, and DME would be produced in polygeneration facilitiesl Produce hydrogen at relatively low costs with near zero emission17谢谢观赏2019-4-18实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（一）实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（一）The recommendation for implementation of polygeneration system(1) l充分认识以煤气化为核充分认识以

30、煤气化为核心的多联产系统在我国心的多联产系统在我国可持续发展能源系统中可持续发展能源系统中的重要战略地位。的重要战略地位。l在充分论证的基础上，在充分论证的基础上，由国家牵头，制定详细由国家牵头，制定详细发展规划，建立专门的发展规划，建立专门的研究组对多联产系统做研究组对多联产系统做出详细的可行性分析。出详细的可行性分析。 lFully recognize the strategic importance of the modernization coal utilization in the sustainable energy system of China. lA detailed pl

31、anning should be figured-out under the guidance of central government. 18谢谢观赏2019-4-18实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（二）实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（二） The recommendation for implementation of polygeneration system(2) l立即进行两个地区（东部立即进行两个地区（东部富煤地区和西部）规模为富煤地区和西部）规模为20万吨甲醇和万吨甲醇和300400MW发电的煤气化多联发电的煤气化多联产示范工程可行性研究产示范工程可行性研究.l这些工程应由电力

32、、化工这些工程应由电力、化工、煤炭行业和当地政府联、煤炭行业和当地政府联合操作，争取在合操作，争取在57年内年内完成完成 lConducting immediately the feasibility study of demo-plants in two areas( one in east China, and one in west China,) The scale could be 200tht/a of methanol and 300400MW power. lThese plants are desirable to be constricted within 57 years

33、, under the joint effort of power, chemical and coal mining sectors.19谢谢观赏2019-4-18实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（三）实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（三） The recommendation for implementation of polygeneration system(3) l在示范工程的基础上规在示范工程的基础上规划今后划今后2030年、甚年、甚至到至到2050年（每年（每5年为年为一阶段）煤炭现代化利一阶段）煤炭现代化利用的容量和这种利用方用的容量和这种利用方式占煤炭总消耗量的比式占煤炭总消耗量

34、的比例。例。l在多联产系统成熟阶段在多联产系统成熟阶段（510年）内，应在年）内，应在税收、贷款利率、国债税收、贷款利率、国债资金使用等方面给予一资金使用等方面给予一定优惠。定优惠。 lOn the base of demo-plants, Government should defined the capacity and portion of modernization of coal utilization in the total amount of coal consumption in coming 2030years, even up to 2050. lIn the “lear

35、ning” period, the privileges in tax, low interest loan, funding, should be considered. 20谢谢观赏2019-4-18实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（四）实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（四） The recommendation for implementation of polygeneration system(4) l多联产系统的推广必须与多联产系统的推广必须与电力部门紧密合作，或是电力部门紧密合作，或是共同投资、共同经营，效共同投资、共同经营，效益共享。益共享。l电网必须以合理的价格收电网必须以合理的

36、价格收购多联产系统发出的电力购多联产系统发出的电力，这是最为重要的。，这是最为重要的。lThe implementation and deployment of polygeneration system must be developed in the circumstance of close cooperation with power sector, for instance, joint investment, joint operation, joint sharing of the profits.l Electric grid must purchase the electri

37、city generated by polygeneration systems at reasonable price, it is the most important issue 21谢谢观赏2019-4-18实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（五）实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（五） The recommendation for implementation of polygeneration system(5) l在近期（在近期（510年左右）年左右）大力推广使用掺混甲醇的大力推广使用掺混甲醇的M15燃料（含甲醇燃料（含甲醇15）在汽车上的应用，大力推在汽车上的应用，大力推广二甲醚作为液

38、化石油气广二甲醚作为液化石油气的替代。的替代。l中期中期(1015年年)逐步推广逐步推广二甲醚替代柴油，可以从二甲醚替代柴油，可以从公共汽车和卡车起步。公共汽车和卡车起步。lIn the near term (510years), wide-spread utilization of 15% methanol blended gasoline (15%, M15) should be taken place for motor vehicles, DME should be used as alternative of LPG. lIn the intermediate term (1015y

39、ears), step by step disseminate the DME as alternative of diesel fuel. 22谢谢观赏2019-4-18实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（六）实施煤气化多联产战略的政策建议（六） The recommendation for implementation of polygeneration system(6) l集中国内优秀科研力量集中国内优秀科研力量 （包括（包括开展国际合作），强化有关煤炭开展国际合作），强化有关煤炭现代化利用技术的研究与开发。现代化利用技术的研究与开发。l将其主要内容纳入到正在制定的将其主要内容纳入到正在制

40、定的国家中长期科技规划中。国家中长期科技规划中。l具体内容主要有：大规模高效的具体内容主要有：大规模高效的煤气化装置，一次通过浆态床反煤气化装置，一次通过浆态床反应器及其催化系统，大型先进燃应器及其催化系统，大型先进燃气轮机的国产化，纯醇类和醚类气轮机的国产化，纯醇类和醚类燃料新型发动机的研制等。燃料新型发动机的研制等。lUnite the best research teams (including the international collaboration) to conduct the R&D of polygeneration system, lInclude the resear

41、ch projects concerning the modernization of coal utilization into the Intermediate/Long Term National Science and Technology Program. lResearch projects : high efficient large-scale coal gasifier, once through liquid phase reactor and corresponding catalyst system, problems linked with domestic manufacturing of large advanced gas turbine and finally, high efficient new methanol and DME engines. 23谢谢观赏2019-4-1824谢谢观赏2019-4-1825谢谢观赏2019-4-18