2022届高考英语专项训练语法填空科技类（含答案）.docx

1、科技类2022届高考英语 语法填空 专练1. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 After traveling _ space for seven months, Chinas Tianwen-1 probe(探测器) has reached Mars and _(smooth) entered the orbit on February 10, 2021, according to China National Space Administration. The administration also published a black-and-white p

2、icture of Mars taken by Tianwen-1 _ the probe was about 2.2 million kilometers from Mars. The name Tianwen, _(borrow) from an ancient Chinese poem by Qu Yuan of the Kingdom of Chu, _(mean) the quest for heavenly truth. Tianwen-1, the countrys first _(independence) Mars mission, was launched by a Lon

3、g March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket, by far the _(large) launch vehicle in China, from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province, on July 23, 2020. The mission _(design) to study the composition of the Martian atmosphere as well as contributing to the ongoing search for past and present li

4、fe._will be the first mission in space history to complete orbiting, landing and wandering at a time. The final goal is to soft-land a rover in May on the southern part of Mars Utopia Planitia _(conduct) scientific surveys.2. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has become the first country to lan

5、d a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess_(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moons far side is _(extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communicatio

6、n with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot_ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular _(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so _ the familiar near side. Chinese rese

7、archers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it _(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _(construct). Data about t

8、he moons composition, such as how_ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.3. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Some people believe that the Internet is _(harm) to friendships. Talking to people on line or _ (communica

9、te) through a screen makes it more difficult to concentrate or show _ (kind) to others. While it can connect you with other people_ use social media, face-to-face contact with others is important to help you build lifelong friendships. This is thought-provoking because it shows that people still nee

10、d face-to-face communication with others today. _ (spend) too much time on the Internet can also make you self-centred, because you can become obsessed with _ (popular) and gaining followers. Finally you need to be careful with various online relationships, because you can never be 100 percent sure

11、that_you read online is true.However others believe that the Internet can help develop friendships in many ways. Firstly, the Internet makes communication much _ (convenient). Secondly, the Internet has also made communication more fun. You can share photos, videos, news stories and website_your fri

12、ends online. Thirdly, online communication can _ (actual) bring people closer to each other.4. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China safely landed a spacecraft on Mars_ the first time in its history and in its first attempt. becoming the only other nation besides the U.S. to achieve such a feat. The

13、 Zhurong rover (探测车) named after a god of fire in Ancient Chinese mythology _ (successful) touched down on the Red Planet around 7:18 p. m. The rover _ (equip) with a set of six instruments and cameras to study the surface. They include a special radar that can look for water and ice up to 100 meter

14、s below the surface. Zhurong also has a magnetometer (磁力仪), the first ever _ (send) to Mars on a rover. Alongside a similar instrument on the Tianwen-1 orbiter, _will continue studying the planet from afar. The rovers magnetometer could reveal the details of how Mars _ (lose) its magnetic field and

15、consequently its atmosphere and water billions of years ago.The _(land) of the spacecraft on Mars is the latest achievement from Chinas planed range of ambitious space _ (activity). It has conducted numerous missions to the moon and has begun the _ (construct) of a space station in Earth orbit. The

16、nation may send a pair of spacecraft to the edge of the solar system in just a few years and launch a mission to Jupiter by the end of the decade. Now that Tianwen-1 has shown that China is _ expert interplanetary explorer, even more adventurous projects may be on the horizon.5. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词

17、或括号内单词的正确形式。As is known to all, Alzheimers is a common disease among the elders. Having trouble _(figure) out which way to go can be an early sign of Alzheimers. Thats because one of the first _ (region) of the brain to be damaged by the disease is the entorhinal cortex (内嗅皮层), which is key _our sen

18、se of where we are.Researchers used that information _ (design) a new test: They asked 45 patients with mild cognitive (认知的)disorder, which can develop into Alzheimers but is sometimes the result of anxiety or_ conditions to navigate virtual walking paths as seen on a virtual reality headset. Those_

19、 performed the worst also tested positive for Alzheimers in their blood. The virtual reality test could identify patients with early Alzheimers _ (accurately) than the cognitive tests now in use,_ it will be applied in the medical community as a _ (value) noninvasive (非侵害的)medical tool.This is a gia

20、nt step in medical treatment. Just as the saying goes, Early _ (examine), early treatment.6. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinas Change 5 robotic lunar probe (探测器)finished gathering lunar samples and packed them in a container on Wednesday night, much earlier than_(expect), according to China Nat

21、ional Space Administration.The administration said in a statement on Thursday morning_the autonomous collection and packing processes _ (take) about 19 hours and concluded at about 10 pm Wednesday. All samples rocks and soil had been enclosed inside a container carried by the ascender (上升器).The land

22、er-ascender combination is the third spacecraft to _ (successful) touch down on the lunar surface this century. The, first two that achieved this task - Change 3 and 4 _ (be) also from China.Project planners have allowed the lander-ascender combination _ (work) about two days on the moon to complete

23、 its major _ (task) using a drill (钻头)to obtain underground samples from 2 meters beneath the surface and a mechanical arm to gather surface dirtBefore the drilling_ (operate) began, the lunar soil measurement instrument mounted on the lander surveyed and analyzed the subsurface structure of the dri

24、lling point to prepare_the drilling.The orbiter-reentry capsule combination will later return to Earth orbit, where. the pair will break up,_the reentry capsule will return to a preset landing site in the North Chinas Inner Mongolia autonomous region in mid-December.7. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形

25、式。 Technology is changing the face of the world, and now faces are changing technology too. Facial recognition technology, with _(it) capacity to analyse a huge amount of data has come into widespread use. It works by comparing the facial features of _(give) images with those in a database. It offer

26、s a quick and cool alternative_ traditional passwords, and you cannot forget your own face! In theory, networks which use our own body as passwords should also be _(safe) from hackers and better protect us from identity theft than those that use traditional passwords, mainly because every individual

27、 is unique. This technology is especially _(use) in public places: banks, airports and railway stations, to name but a few. However, facial recognition technology has also started to pose some difficult questions. Experts have been giving _(warm) about this technology, saying it may not be as good a

28、s we think. Facial expressions often vary, which makes facial recognition less effective. Moreover, there is growing concern that we might fall victim to this technology, as there are cases in_ hackers have broken into facial recognition system by using peoples social media _(photo) to build models

29、of their faces. Scientists and engineers _(urge) to improve existing technology and make it fail-safe. Apparently, this will be a tough task. Whatever happens, we need to make sure that facial recognition technology can be trusted_ we will have to face the consequences.8. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的

30、正确形式。 When it comes to the world of artificial intelligence (A1) in a shocking change of roles, robots are now teaching humans_to be more humane .Humana Pharmacy created an Al algorithm(算法) for their call centers that instructs employees to be _ (kind) and more compassionate(有同情心的) to customers. The

31、 system_ (build) by Cogito, an Al firm, and takes_new look at how we can use Al for good. The program is designed _ (tell) the call center employees if they are speaking too quickly, too loudly or softly or if they have remained quiet for a given amount of time. The Al looks for certain behaviors an

32、d_ (pattern) that would indicate unkind communication such as a raised voice, fast speaking, long silences and other indicators_ could be tied to lack of compassion or depression. The programs intention is to have the agents better understand how to communicate more efficiently by _ (analyze) vocal

33、cues(信号).CEO of Cogito, Joshua Feast, said that he viewed the system as more of a coach_a replacement for employees. I dont think human customer agents will be_ (complete) replaced. Feast said. Humans will always want to talk to other humans . The reason is that only other humans really understand u

34、s . 答案解析1.答案：through/in smoothly when/as borrowed means independent largest is designed/has been designed It to conduct解析：考查介词。句意为: 根据中国国家航天局的消息, 在太空飞行7个月后, 中国的天问一号探测器已于2021年2月10日抵达火星, 并顺利进入轨道。此处表示穿梭于太空立体空间内, 应用介词through 或in。故填through/in。 考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。此处修饰动词entered, 应用副词形式。故填smoothly。考查状语从句。句意为:

35、国家航天局还公布了一张由天问一号在距离火星约220万千米时拍摄的火星黑白照片。结合句意可知, 此处表示当探测器距离火星约220万千米时, 设空处引导时间状语从句。故填when/as。考查非谓语动词。句意为: 天问这个名字引自楚国屈原的一首古诗, 意思是追寻天理。分析句子结构可知, 此处为非谓语动词作后置定语, 修饰The name Tianwen, 其与borrow之间为逻辑上的被动关系。故填borrowed。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意见上一题解析。此处为本句的谓语动词, 介绍天问的含义, 应用一般现在时, 主语为The name Tianwen, 是第三人称单数。故填means。考查词性

36、转换。句意为: 2020年7月23日, 我国首个独立火星任务天问一号在海南省文昌航天发射中心由中国迄今为止最大的运载火箭长征五号重型运载火箭发射升空。此处修饰名词短语Mars mission, 应用形容词。故填independent。考查形容词的比较等级。句意见上一题解析。by far常用于修饰最高级, by far+the+形容词最高级意为迄今最为.。故填largest。考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为: 该任务旨在研究火星大气的组成, 并有助于对过去和现在生命的持续探索。此处可用一般现在时表示客观性的介绍, 也可用现在完成时表示动作发生在过去, 对现在有影响, 主语The missi

37、on为第三人称单数, 其与design之间为被动关系。故填is designed/has been designed。考查代词。句意为: 这将是太空历史上首次同时完成轨道运行、着陆和漫游的任务。此处指代前文出现的mission。故填It。考查非谓语动词。句意为: 最终的目标是5月在火星的乌托邦平原南部将探测器软着陆, 以进行科学调查。此处表目的, 应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to conduct。 2.答案：touched extremely where interest than to find means is constructed much its解析：考查动词的时态。句意为: 中国

38、成为首个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家。以中国古代的一位月亮女神的名字命名的无人探测器嫦娥四号, 上周在月球的南极-艾特肯盆地着陆。分析句子成分可知, 设空处为句子的谓语动词; 根据时间状语last week可知, 此处讲述的是过去的事情, 应用一般过去时。故填touched。 考查词性转换。句意为: 着陆在月球的背面是极具挑战性的。分析句子结构可知, 此处用于修饰形容词challenging, 应用副词。故填extremely。考查定语从句。句意为: 由于月球自身阻挡了(地球)与探测器之间直接的无线电通信, 中国必须先将一颗卫星送入月球上方轨道的一个位置, 在那里它能够向航天器和地球发送信号。

39、分析句子成分并结合句意可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词spot, 且引导词在从句中作地点状语, 应用where引导。故填where。考查词性转换。句意为: 科学家们对月球的背面尤其感兴趣, 因为它有许多深的环形山, 比人们所熟悉的月球的正面更感兴趣。结合句意可知, 此处应为be+of+n.结构, 相当于be+adj.。故填interest。考查连词。句意见上一题解析。结合上文的The far side of the moon和more及下文的the familiar near side可知, 此处含有对比关系, 对比月球的背面和正面, 应用than连接两个比较对象。故填than。考查非

40、谓语动词。句意为: 中国的研究者们希望用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究月球南极-艾特肯盆地区域。结合句意可知, 设空处在句中作目的状语, 应用不定式, 构成use sth. to do.结构, 意为使用某物做.。故填to find。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为: 布朗大学的科学家卡尔佩特斯说: 这真的让科学家们兴奋不已, 因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构成的信息。结合语境和上文的This really excites scientists,可知, 此处表述的是客观情况, 应用一般现在时; 且主语为it, 为第三人称单数, 谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。考查动词的时态和

41、语态及主谓一致。句意见上一题解析。结合语境可知, 此处陈述的是客观事实, 应用一般现在时; 从句主语the moon和construct之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态; 且the moon为单数概念, 谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is constructed。考查代词。句意为: 关于月球构成的数据, 比如月球上含有多少冰和其他宝藏, 能够帮助中国判断其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。结合句意可知, 此处应表示多少, 且ice为不可数名词。故填much。考查代词。句意见上一题解析。此处修饰空后的名词plans, 作定语, 应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 3.答案：1. harmful2. co

42、mmunicating3. kindness4. who5. Spending6. popularity7. what8. more convenient9. with10. actually解析： 这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了互联网的优缺点。【小题1】考查形容词。句意:有些人认为网络对友谊有害。be harmful to为固定短语,意为对有害处。故填harmful。【小题2】考查动名词。句意:在网上与人交谈或通过屏幕交流让人更难集中注意力或对他人表示友好。分析句子结构,此处有or这个连词,前后保持一致,空前的talking是动名词作主语,空后也应用动名词。故填communicating。【

43、小题3】考查名词。句意:在网上与人交谈或通过屏幕交流让人更难集中注意力或对他人表示友好。Show是及物动词,后跟名词做宾语。show kindness to sb.为固定短语意为对某人表示善意。故填kindness。【小题4】考查定语从句。句意:虽然它可以把你和其他使用社交媒体的人联系起来,但面对面的接触对帮助你建立终身友谊很重要。people为先行词且指人,从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词who来引导。故填who。【小题5】考查动名词。句意:花太多时间在互联网上也会让你以自我为中心,因为你会变得沉迷于受欢迎和获得追随者。分析句子结构,spend在句中做的是主语成分,所以应为动词-ing形式。故

44、填Spending。【小题6】考查名词。句意:花太多时间在互联网上也会让你以自我为中心,因为你会变得沉迷于受欢迎和获得追随者。分析句子结构,空处和and后面的gaining followers并列是with的宾语,所以用popular的名词形式。故填popularity。【小题7】考查主语从句。句意:最后,你需要小心对待各种各样的网上关系,因为你永远不能百分百确定你在网上看到的是真的。分析句子结构,题中缺主语从句的引导词,并且引导词要在句中做谓语read的宾语,所以应用连接代词what引导,做read的宾语。故填what。【小题8】考查形容词比较级。句意:首先,互联网使交流更加方便。分析句子结

45、构,空前的much修饰比较级,因convenient是多音节单词,所以应用more+形容词,构成形容词的比较级。故填more convenient。【小题9】考查介词。句意:你可以与您的朋友在线分享照片、视频、新闻故事和网站。share sth. with sb.为定短语,意为和某人分享某物。故填with。【小题10】考查副词。句意:第三,网上交流实际上可以拉近人与人之间的距离。分析句子结构,空后是动词bring,修饰动词应用副词。故填actually。4.答案：1. for2. successfully3. is equipped4. sent5. which6. lost7. landin

46、g8. activities9. construction10. an解析： 考查介词。句意：中国首次在火星上安全着陆一艘宇宙飞船，这是有史以来第一次，也是第一次尝试，成为除美国之外唯一一个实现这一壮举的国家。结合句意可知，表示首次，初次，第一次应使用介词短语为for the first time。故填for。考查副词。句意：以中国古代神话中的火神命名的祝融号月球车于当天晚上7点18分左右成功着陆火星。修饰动词短语touched down应用副词successfully，作状语。故填successfully。考查动词时态和语态。句意：月球车配备了六套仪器和相机来研究月球表面。结合句意可知，表示配备应使用短语be equipped with，此处陈述客观事实应使用一般现在时，主语为rover，谓语动词用单数。故填is equipped。考查非谓语动词。句意：祝融还有一个磁力仪，这是第一个通过探测器送往火星的磁力仪。分析句子结构可知，send在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语the first构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填sent。考查定语从句。句意：与此同时，天文1号轨道飞行器上也有类似的仪器，该仪器