（初中英语）图表类作文写作方法课件.ppt

1、高考英语基础写作高考英语基础写作复习系列复习系列 1一是以一是以表格表格形式形式, ,将将统计的数据或被统计的数据或被说明的事物直接说明的事物直接用表格形式体现用表格形式体现出来出来, ,即统计表即统计表（tabletable） 。Item19941995199619971998Food65%60%48%42%35%clothing8%9%12%l15%17%Recreation3%5%7%8%10%Others24%26%33%35%38%Total100% 100% 100% 100% 100%矩形的矩形的竖行竖行和和横行横行进行排列的表格进行排列的表格 图表类说明文的类型图表类说明文的类

2、型2表示两组数的关系表示两组数的关系- -通常为通常为函数关系函数关系图图二是以二是以图形图形形式形式 A A 表示数据变化的表示数据变化的曲线图曲线图（ graph graph ）; ;3B B 表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异 的的柱状图柱状图（ bar chart / graphbar chart / graph ）; ;4C C 表示总体内部结构变化的表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图扇形图（ pie chart pie chart ）51.The graph/chart/table above1.The graph/chart/table above 2. 2.

3、 the above graph/chart, it can be the above graph/chart, it can be seenseen that. that.3. 3. ( (正如正如) ) is shown in the graph, . is shown in the graph, .4. 4. has been shown from the table thathas been shown from the table that第一步：第一步： showsshowsFromFromAsAsIt It图表类说明文的写作思路图表类说明文的写作思路开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主

4、题开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题, , 即即conclusionconclusion. .常使用的词汇有常使用的词汇有: :（图表（图表/ /数据）：数据）： table, chart, graphtable, chart, graph，figurefigure（数据）（数据） ；动词：动词：describedescribe， tell, show, representtell, show, represent常用句型：常用句型：6第二步：第二步：分析数据间的分析数据间的主要差异及趋势主要差异及趋势，然后描写，然后描写（在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式（在描写数据间变化及总趋势特

5、征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）。注意层或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）。注意层次。次。 即即 facts and reasonsfacts and reasons增长增长/ /减少的表达减少的表达: :表示上升的动词表示上升的动词: : riserise，increaseincrease，climbclimb，go up , go up , ；表示上升的名词表示上升的名词: : riserise，increase, ;increase, ;表示下降的动词表示下降的动词: : fallfall，declinedecline，decreasedecrease，dro

6、pdrop，go go down, ;down, ;表示下降的名词表示下降的名词: : fallfall，declinedecline，decreasedecrease，drop, drop, ；表示平稳表示平稳:remain steady/unchangedremain steady/unchanged7常用句型：（常用句型：（ FactsFacts）1.There was 1.There was a great /slight increase /risea great /slight increase /rise in in2.There has been 2.There has bee

7、n a sudden/slow/rapid fall/dropa sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop in in3.The rate 3.The rate dropped slightly fromdropped slightly from 38%in 38%intoto 31% in 31% in4. 4. By comparison withBy comparison with,it decreased/increased/fell ,it decreased/increased/fell fromtofromto5. Statistics show 5. Statis

8、tics show a 20% rise/reductiona 20% rise/reduction in traffic accidents in traffic accidents compared withcompared with last year. last year.6. The population owning mobile phones6. The population owning mobile phones increased by 10%increased by 10% in in 19991999. . 8倍数的表达:five times as many asfiv

9、e times as many asdoubleddoubledfourfourmoremore1.The number /rate has nearly _1.The number /rate has nearly _ （是的两倍）（是的两倍）, as against that of last year., as against that of last year.2.The number is 2.The number is that of.that of.（是（是的的5 5倍倍) ) =The number is =The number is times times than than

10、in(in(比多倍比多倍) )9Reasons:Reasons:1. The reason 1. The reason is thatis that2. One may think of the change 2. One may think of the change as a as a of of 3. The change in largely 3. The change in largely results results _ the fact that the fact that.This .This brings brings the important fact the impo

11、rtant fact that that. .is . .is the key the key ( (因素因素)in)in. It is because of _ . It is because of _ resultresultwhy/forwhy/forfromfromoutoutfactorfactorthatthat10常用表达：常用表达：1. 1. in a in a ,/ in short,/ in short,（简而言之）（简而言之） / / _ _ speaking speaking（总的来说）（总的来说）2. 2. summary, it is importantsummar

12、y, it is important3. From what has been discussed above, we can 3. From what has been discussed above, we can ( (得出结论）得出结论）thatthat4. 4. _ _（很明显地）（很明显地）, if we want to, it is , if we want to, it is necessarynecessary5. 5. _(_(毫无疑问毫无疑问) attention must be paid to) attention must be paid to6. 6. I _( I

13、 _(建议建议)the government take effective measures to )the government take effective measures to 7. 7. _, I think(_, I think(就我来看就我来看) the “golden week” should remain, ) the “golden week” should remain, forforObviously/ApparentlyObviously/Apparentlydraw the conclusiondraw the conclusionInInwordwordgener

14、allygenerallyThere is no doubt thatThere is no doubt that第三步：第三步：suggestsuggestPersonallyPersonally归纳总结或发表评论。归纳总结或发表评论。11 上周，我们以上周，我们以“谁是你的偶像谁是你的偶像”为题，在为题，在26002600名学名学生中进行了一次调查生中进行了一次调查(survey)(survey)。以下是调查数据：。以下是调查数据： 写作内容写作内容 根据以上数据，写一篇短根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：文，包括以下内容： 1 1调查时间、调查问题以调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；

15、及调查对象；2 2男女生在以明星为偶像男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异；方面的差异；3 3“父母父母”在男女生偶像在男女生偶像中的排序差异；中的排序差异；4 4男女生在以伟人为偶像男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同；方面的异同；5 5你的偶像及理由。你的偶像及理由。偶像偶像女生女生男生男生伟人伟人18%18%父母父母25%11%影视明星影视明星50%14%体育明星体育明星6%48%没有偶像没有偶像1%9%20072007年广东省英语高考题基础写作年广东省英语高考题基础写作121. 1. 上周上周, ,我们在我们在26002600名学生中做了个关于名学生中做了个关于 “谁是你的谁是你的偶像偶像” 的调

16、查的调查. .2. 50%2. 50%女生以影视明星为偶像女生以影视明星为偶像, , 而而48%48%男生以体育明星为偶像男生以体育明星为偶像. .3. “3. “父母父母”在女生偶像列表中排列第二在女生偶像列表中排列第二, , 而在男生偶像列表中却排而在男生偶像列表中却排列倒数第二列倒数第二. .4. 4. 男生在选择以伟人为偶像的百分比跟女生选择的百分比的一样男生在选择以伟人为偶像的百分比跟女生选择的百分比的一样. .5. 5. 我的偶像是我的偶像是, , 因为因为. Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on Last week,

17、 we did a survey among 2,600 students on “Who is your idol”. “Who is your idol”. 50% of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, but 48% 50% of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, but 48% of the boys choose sports stars.of the boys choose sports stars. “Parents” is the secon

18、d in the girls list, but the second “Parents” is the second in the girls list, but the second from the bottom in the boys list.from the bottom in the boys list. The percentage of the boys who choose “great figures” is the The percentage of the boys who choose “great figures” is the same as the perce

19、ntage of the girls. same as the percentage of the girls. My idol is , because . My idol is , because . 13 Last week, we had a survey amongLast week, we had a survey among 2600 students 2600 students onon “Who Is Your Idol”. “Who Is Your Idol”. The survey shows thatThe survey shows that 50% of the gi

20、rls50% of the girls choose choose film and TV stars film and TV stars as as their their idols, idols, whilewhile 48% of the boys 48% of the boys favorfavor sports stars. sports stars. As As the data showsthe data shows, “parents” , “parents” ranksranks thethe secondsecond forfor the girls, the girls

21、, butbut the fourth the fourth forfor the boys. the boys. HoweverHowever, 18% , 18% of the girls choose “great figures”, of the girls choose “great figures”, that isthat is, the , the percentage of the boys is percentage of the boys is the same asthe same as that ofthat of the girls. the girls. As f

22、or myselfAs for myself, my mother is my idol, , my mother is my idol, becausebecause she not she not only only gave birth togave birth to me, has me, has broughtbrought me me upup and loves and loves me but also me but also supportssupports our poor family. our poor family. a. Conclusion/fact/reason

23、/your opinion?a. Conclusion/fact/reason/your opinion?b.数据的表达数据的表达? ?14：下图是我国近下图是我国近1010年私人汽年私人汽车拥有情况车拥有情况, ,反映了人反映了人们生活水平的变化们生活水平的变化. . 写作内容写作内容 请根据以上数据请根据以上数据, ,写一篇写一篇短文，包括以下内容短文，包括以下内容: : 1. 1. 近近1010年我国私人汽车年我国私人汽车拥有量增加了拥有量增加了5 5倍多倍多; ; 2. 2. 增加的理由是：经济增加的理由是：经济增长快；节约时间。增长快；节约时间。 3. 3. 你对此现象的看法。你对此

24、现象的看法。 写作要求写作要求 1. 1. 只能使用只能使用5 5个句子表达个句子表达全部内容全部内容; ; 2. 2. 标题标题 :Car Ownership in :Car Ownership in ChinaChina。实践演练实践演练99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 99 00 01 02 03

25、 04 05 06 07 08 09 15第三人称第三人称现在完成时现在完成时& &一般现在时一般现在时1.Conclusion1.Conclusion2.Facts and reasons2.Facts and reasons3.Your own opinion/3.Your own opinion/ suggestions suggestions1. 1. 近近1010年我国私人汽车年我国私人汽车拥有量发生了巨变；拥有量发生了巨变；2. 20092. 2009年私人汽车拥有年私人汽车拥有量比量比19991999年增加了年增加了5 5倍倍多多; ;3. 3. 理由理由1 1：经济增长快：经济

26、增长快; ;4. 4. 理由理由2 2：节约时间：节约时间; ;5. 5. 你对此现象的看法。你对此现象的看法。时态时态: :人称人称: :要点要点: :篇章结构篇章结构: :写作指导写作指导99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 16Try to finish your passage Try to finish your passage within 10 minutes.within 10 minutes.17checklistchecklist1. 1.是否只用了是否只用了5 5句句? ?2. 2.要点是否齐全要点是否齐全? ?3. 3.是否符合图表类说明文的

27、篇章结构是否符合图表类说明文的篇章结构? ? 4. 4.有无语法或拼写错误有无语法或拼写错误? ?5. 5.是否用上了高级词汇或高级结构是否用上了高级词汇或高级结构? ?6. 6.有无过渡性词语有无过渡性词语, ,使文章更连贯使文章更连贯? ?18Possible Version:Possible Version: As can be seen from the graph As can be seen from the graph, , great changes in car great changes in car ownership have taken place in China

28、in the past ten years. The ownership have taken place in China in the past ten years. The number of private carsnumber of private cars increased more than 5 times fromincreased more than 5 times from nearly nearly 3 million in 19993 million in 1999 toto over 15 million in 2009.over 15 million in 200

29、9. Its mainly Its mainly becausebecause the economy of China has developed so rapidly that the economy of China has developed so rapidly that many Chinese people want to own private cars. many Chinese people want to own private cars. Besides,Besides, in in modern society, many Chinese need a car to

30、do business so as to modern society, many Chinese need a car to do business so as to save time.save time. In my viewIn my view, as the car ownership constantly increases , as the car ownership constantly increases year by year, a large number of social problems, such as traffic year by year, a large

31、 number of social problems, such as traffic jams, will turn up in nearly every city throughout China.jams, will turn up in nearly every city throughout China.19基础写作基础写作 星期一星期一, , 我们开了个班会讨论我们开了个班会讨论 “上大学是高中生唯上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗一的出路吗?” ?” 以下图表是讨论结果以下图表是讨论结果. .Percentage 实战演练实战演练Is it the only way out to go

32、to college?Is it the only way out to go to college?写作内容写作内容: : 根据以上图表数据, 写一篇短文, 包括以下内容;1. 增长知识,提高素养(quality), 利于择业2. 成功的路不只一条.3. 学费(tuition)高,就业难.4. 你的观点及原因.20 On Monday, On Monday, we had a discussion about whetherwe had a discussion about whether it is the it is the only way out for senior student

33、s to go to college at the class only way out for senior students to go to college at the class meeting.meeting. 60% of us 60% of us consider it very necessary to goconsider it very necessary to go to college to college because it can help us to improve our knowledge as well as our because it can hel

34、p us to improve our knowledge as well as our quality, quality, which will bewhich will be an advantage to find a good job. an advantage to find a good job.30% of the students 30% of the students hold the view ofhold the view of “all roads lead to “all roads lead to Rome”, thinkingRome”, thinking it

35、doesnt make any difference it doesnt make any difference whetherwhether they they will go to college or not. will go to college or not. However, the others However, the others confirmconfirm they dont go to college for they dont go to college for its high tuition and it is hard for college graduates

36、 to find jobs.its high tuition and it is hard for college graduates to find jobs. In my opinion, we can receive a better education at college In my opinion, we can receive a better education at college so thatso that we can make greater contributions in the future. we can make greater contributions

37、in the future. 211. 1.审题审题2. 2.列要点列要点3. 3.依要点依要点, , 拟草纲拟草纲, , 组织成句组织成句. .4. 4.构篇章构篇章, ,扩句成文扩句成文. .5. 5.检查润色检查润色6. 6.书写书写写作解题步骤：写作解题步骤：221. 1. 确定类型确定类型2. 2. 确定体裁确定体裁 3. 3. 确定主体时态确定主体时态 4. 4. 确定主体人称确定主体人称一、审题一、审题:( :(四确定四确定) )第一人称第一人称/ /第三人称第三人称一般现在时一般现在时说明文说明文图表型图表型23如何提高作文档次？如何提高作文档次？24(1)(1)字迹工整字迹工

38、整 (2)(2)避免低级错误避免低级错误: :避免避免语法和拼写语法和拼写的低级错误，的低级错误， 避免被扣印象分避免被扣印象分. .25（3 3 ） 注意表达的高级化注意表达的高级化一、使用较高级的词汇一、使用较高级的词汇it doesnt it doesnt matter matter whether they will go to college or not. whether they will go to college or not. it doesnt it doesnt make any difference make any difference whether they w

39、illwhether they will go to college or not. go to college or not. 261. 1. 80% students 80% students hold the view hold the view thatthat 注意：注意：There are 80% students hold the view thatThere are 80% students hold the view that There are 80% students There are 80% students whowho hold the view that hol

40、d the view thatThere are 80% students There are 80% students holdingholding the view the view thatthat非谓语非谓语定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句二、巧用精彩句式二、巧用精彩句式27v分析原因（注意一句多译）分析原因（注意一句多译）vSeveral Several factorsfactors contribute tocontribute to such changes. such changes. ( (reasonsreasons) ) lead tolead to result i

41、n result in cause cause be responsible forbe responsible foraccount foraccount forv展开论述变化的原因展开论述变化的原因28多样化句式多样化句式(1)用it is/was that强调句强调句式.(2)用作状语的介词短语开头的完全倒装完全倒装句或用以only in this way 等开头的部分倒装部分倒装句.(3)用withwith的复合结构的复合结构(with+宾语+宾补)作状语.(4)用非谓语动词非谓语动词简化状语从句或并列结构.(5)用whatwhat引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句.(6)用独立主格独立

42、主格结构.(7)恰当运用感叹句感叹句, ,被动句被动句等.(8)适当使用插入语插入语,如to be honest, I guess, I think,personally等.(9)尽量用短语短语代替单词来表达同样的意思.291. 1. 表示平行、对等或选择关系表示平行、对等或选择关系andand，bothand, as well as, together with, bothand, as well as, together with, neithernor, also, not onlybut also, eitheror, as well.neithernor, also, not onl

43、ybut also, eitheror, as well.2. 2. 表示转折关系表示转折关系but, yet, however, nevertheless (but, yet, however, nevertheless (然而然而), ), in spite of, although, otherwise, while, after all.in spite of, although, otherwise, while, after all.3. 3. 表示对比关系表示对比关系on the contrary, instead of, on the contrary, instead of,

44、 on one handon the other hand, just like, on one handon the other hand, just like, 4. 4. 表示因果关系表示因果关系so, for, therefore, as a result (of), because, owing to, so, for, therefore, as a result (of), because, owing to, due to, thanks to, due to, thanks to, 三三、学会使用恰当的连接词学会使用恰当的连接词305. 5. 表示时间、顺序关系表示时间、顺序

45、关系shortly afterwards, next, finally, in the end, eventuallyshortly afterwards, next, finally, in the end, eventually6. 6. 表示递进、强调关系表示递进、强调关系besides, furthermore (besides, furthermore (此外此外), what), whats more, s more, in addition, moreover (in addition, moreover (而且而且), worse still, ), worse still,

46、to make matters worse, to make matters worse, 7. 7. 表示解释、说明关系表示解释、说明关系namely (namely (也就是也就是), actually, such as, for example, ), actually, such as, for example, for instance, that is to say, in other words, and so on, for instance, that is to say, in other words, and so on, to tell you the truth, a

47、ccording to thisto tell you the truth, according to this8. 8. 表示结论表示结论in short, in brief, in a word, in general, as you know, in short, in brief, in a word, in general, as you know, as far as I know, on the whole, in conclusion, at last, finallyas far as I know, on the whole, in conclusion, at last, finally三、学会使用恰当的连接词三、学会使用恰当的连接词312022-6-132