Unit 2 语法-过去分词用法详解ppt课件-（2022新）人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册.ppt

1、(Revision)I.I.基本形式和意义基本形式和意义 动词的动词的-ed形式，即传统语法所指的形式，即传统语法所指的“过去分过去分词词”。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的-ed形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的宾语或受状语修饰。动词的-ed形式和宾语或状形式和宾语或状语一起构成语一起构成-ed分词短语分词短语.动词动词-ed形式的基本形形式的基本形式是式是“动词动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。，但也有不规则的形式。 They found a damaged car at the ga

2、te of the park.(2)I bought some painted chairs.(3)He lives in the house built by his father.(4)Have you read this book written by LuXun？1. 1. 单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。(1)He is one of.(in the newspaper) interested him. (3)He wan

3、ted to interviewthe matter.。a broken heart a lost dog a risen sun an organized trip a broken glass Practice: please analyze the functions of the past participlesPractice: please analyze the functions of the past participles in the given time with the words given a wanted person workers wanted a conc

4、erned look the people concernedboiling water= water that is boilingboiled water =water that has boiled正在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水已经沸腾过的水已经沸腾过的水polluted water printed articles 已经被污染的水已经被污染的水已经被打印的文章已经被打印的文章4. 4. 现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作；现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作； 不及物动词的过去不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示一个已完成的动作；只有及物动词的过去分词分词作定语表示一个已完成的动作；只有及物动词的过去分

5、词才表示一个完成且被动的动作。才表示一个完成且被动的动作。退休工人退休工人逃犯逃犯归国留学生归国留学生Compare the followings: e.g. I have much work to do. The building to be finished at the end of this year will be our lab building. The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful. Did you see the boy being questioned by the police?5. to do to be done

6、 doing being done表示一个将来的动作表示一个将来的动作表示一个正在进行的被动动作表示一个正在进行的被动动作表示一个将来的被动动作表示一个将来的被动动作表示一个正在进行的主动动作表示一个正在进行的主动动作The differences (used as Attribute)The differences (used as Attribute)I know the peoplethe house there.The houseover there is a shop.The houseover there is a shop.Exercises1.The repairs cost

7、a lot ,but its money well . A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending2.The prize of the game show is 30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid3. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. re

8、cording C. to be recorded D. having recorded4.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company, _as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be knownBBAB1.-ing作表语与作表语与-ed作表语的区别作表语的区别 Conclusion:现在分词表示主动的意义，常指事物；过去分词表现在分词表示主动的意义，常指事物；过去分词表示被动的意义，常指人。示被动的意义，常指人。. 1.I had nothing to

9、do. I was _(bore) and lonely.2.Jack looked even more _(amaze) than he felt.3.The results were very _(disappoint).4.I was thanked by the _ (satisfy) customer.amazedboreddisappointingsatisfiedThe window is broken. The window was broken by the boy. Conclusion: be + 过去分词，如果表示动作的完成和过去分词，如果表示动作的完成和状态是系表结构

10、，此时它相当于一个形容词；如果状态是系表结构，此时它相当于一个形容词；如果表示被动的动作是被动语态，此时主语为动作的承表示被动的动作是被动语态，此时主语为动作的承受者受者, ,后常跟后常跟byby短语。短语。2. 2. 过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别Compare:（1） 完全形容词化了的完全形容词化了的动词动词-ed形式形式：可以被可以被very等等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有常见的常见的有：有：bored, disappointed, excited, frightened, interested, plea

11、sed, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried 等。等。（2）有的）有的动词动词-ed形式形式可以被副词可以被副词well修饰，如：修饰，如：built, cooked, done, dressed, known, prepared, written等。等。（3）其它副词也可以修饰）其它副词也可以修饰动词动词-ed形式形式 ，如：，如：deeply moved, highly developed, heavily-populated等。等。3. 注意事项注意事项4.动词动词-ed形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短语

12、、不定式短语及语、不定式短语及that 引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。 e.g.: He is very much disappointed at the result. The mother was pleased to hear from her son. Im satisfied that you didnt tell me a lie.1.As we joined the big crowd, I got _from my friends. A. separated B. spared Clost D. missed2.I dont know the restaurant，but i

13、t is _ to be quite a good one. A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked 3. The young man seems to be _in law A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. being interested4. Have you read the news in todays newspaper？This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 5.-Shall we

14、go swimming ? -OK. Ill just go and get _. A. changed B. to change C. to be changed D. changingExercises:AABAAStep used as Object Complement及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示一个完成且被动的动作及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示一个完成且被动的动作; ; 不及物动词的过去分词作宾补只表示动作的完成和状态。不及物动词的过去分词作宾补只表示动作的完成和状态。 When he arrived, he found all the work finished. We found

15、the village greatly changed.2.2.现在分词作宾补表示一个主动或正在进行的动作现在分词作宾补表示一个主动或正在进行的动作; ; 现现在分词的被动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的被动动作在分词的被动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的被动动作。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting . I saw the child being beaten by his father. The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. With all the work finished,

16、he went back.（1）让某人做某事让某人做某事/ /让某事（被人）做让某事（被人）做（2 2）遭受某种损失或某种不愿要的结果）遭受某种损失或某种不愿要的结果1. have sth done Yesterday she had her wallet stolen. The old man had his leg broken in the accident. 2.介词介词with宾语过去分词宾语过去分词The villagers had many trees planted just then. I have had my bike repaired.ATTENTIONExercise

17、s:1.You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained2.Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. make herself heard D. to make herself heard3.If you want _ immedia

18、tely, you have to give us some money in advance. A. that the work be done B. the work done C. to have done the job D. the job that is doneDDB4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked5. The managers discussed the plan that they woul

19、d like to see _the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry outBC1. 作时间状语作时间状语Told of his mothers accident, Jack phoned the hospital.Translated into English, the sentence was found to have a different word order.When asked to speak, he complained about the poor service.2. 作

20、原因状语作原因状语Caught in the rain, he had a fever.Inspired by Oprah Winfery, she became confident.Step used as Adverbial3. 作条件状语作条件状语Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. Cleared, this site would be very valuable.The house will look bigger if painted white.She will gladly come to your house if inv

21、ited.4. 作让步状语作让步状语Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.Though told to stop, he kept on walking.Even if given every opportunity, they would not succeed.5. 作方式状语作方式状语I am returning your letter as requested.He was walking sadly as if injured.6. 作伴随状语作伴随状语Mary came out of the room, followed by her dog.

22、A crowd rushed in, armed with sticks. Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful. Seeing from the hill, we can see our beautiful school.3. Having studied hard, he succeeded in passing the final exam.4. Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village.Conclus

23、ion: 1. 1.过去分词和现在分词逻辑上的主语都为过去分词和现在分词逻辑上的主语都为句子主语，但是过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系，句子主语，但是过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系，而现在分词与主语之间存在主动关系。而现在分词与主语之间存在主动关系。2.2.现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可表示表示 “完成完成”和和 “被动被动”, ,但前者更加强调但前者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作分词动作明显先于谓语动作; ;而后者的时间性不强。而后者的时间性不强。7.动词的动词的 ed形式与形式与-ing 形式作状语的区别：形式作状语的区别：doing havi

24、ng done donehaving been done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生语动作同时发生与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生先于谓语动作发生与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生且先于谓语动作发生The differences (used as Adverbial)Exercises:1._ into use in April 2000, the hotline was m

25、eant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put2._ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed3._ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by t

26、he local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing4.When_help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered5.When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being intr

27、oduced6._ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When compare C. Comparing D. When compared7. _ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decide to spend another two days on the farm. A. Attracting B . Having attracted C. To be attracted D. At

28、tracted8. They are going to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. fix B. to fix C. to be fixed D. fixed9. You will see this product _ wherever you go. A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising10._the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed11.Our self-respect increased when _by others. A. feeling accepted B. accepted C. we feel accepted D. acceptingFinish all the exercisesHomework