英语新闻的特点英美报刊选读课件.ppt（无音视频）

1、中秋节的英文祝福语?1 Without you, the moon is round though my heart is empty.没有了你，月虽圆满，我心却空。2 East or west, home is best.金窝，银窝不如自己的窝。3 The moon cake is eaten away, but the sweetness remains.月饼已吃，甜蜜犹存4 Where we love is home, home that our feet may leave, but not our hearts.家是我们情之所系的地方，虽只身在外，但心系家园。5 When we ar

2、e together, even the moon in the sky will be jealousy.如果我们相守在一起，天上的月亮也会嫉妒的。1英语新闻的特点英语新闻的特点2新闻标题的特点新闻标题的特点?语态?标点符号?简短小词?缩写词?节缩词?新词3语态语态?新闻标题使用动词主动语态的频率远远超过被动语态。主动语态比被动语态更加生动多彩且富有感染力，所表达的意义更为直接，或更具有说服力，使读者感到真实可信，读来朗朗上口，流利自然。?英语新闻标题只有在事件或动作的接受者比执行者更重要时才使用被动语态，突出强调宾语部分，以引起读者注意。4?英语新闻标题有时为突出动作的承受者通常采用被动语

3、态，目的在于抓住读者的注意力。例如“500 Reported Killed in SKorean Building Collapse” 远比“Collapse Claims 500 Lives in SKorea” 更为吸引人。两条标题都起到了提示与浓缩韩国某百货大楼倒塌致使五百人丧生这一新闻内容的作用，其中死亡人数是一个非常重要的内容。前句虽为被动语态，却以数词开始，突出了这个重要内容，使它非常醒目。5?英语新闻标题中的动词表示被动语态时，被动语态结构“be+过去分词”形式中的助动词“be” 通常被省略，也经常不用“by” 来引出动作的执行者，剩下的过去分词在标题里就可直接表示被动意义，读者

4、切忌将之误解为该动词的过去式。6?Girl of 18 Raped After Threat with Bread Knife（A Girl of 18 Is Raped After Threat with A Bread Knife）?餐刀威逼下，18岁少女遭强暴?Van Goghs Recovered after Theft（=Van Goghs Are Recovered after the theft）?梵高名画窃而复得?Father Jailed for Murder of Daughter（=Father Is Jailed for the Murder of His Daught

5、er）?谋杀亲生女儿父亲锒铛入狱7新闻标题中的将来时态通常用不定式来表示?Japan to free China boat captain?China to bring back trawler captain by chartered flight: FM spokesperson ?Japan to Release Chinese Boat Captain 8现在分词表示正在进行的动作或事件现在分词表示正在进行的动作或事件 。对于正在进行或正在发生事情，事态，英文标题也用进行时表示，但通常省去助动词进行时表示，但通常省去助动词“ be” ，直接用现在分词表示。?例如：例如：?Chinese

6、 villages now implementing democracy reforms?Deposits, Loans Rising in Shanghai9标点符号标点符号?英语新闻标题一贯注重结构精练，并不使用所有的标点符号。即便使用某个标点符号，其主要目的不外乎两种，一是区分表示各句子成分意群之间的关系；二是旨在进一步节省标题字数。10逗号（comma）常被用来代替连词“and”?Chinese premier, U.S. president pledge to deepen bilateral ties （ Chinese premier and U.S. president ple

7、dge to deepen bilateral ties ）?中国总理和美国总统承诺深化双边关系?Guangzhou Fair Closes, Trade Booms（= The Guangzhou Fair Closed and the Trade Booms）?广交会闭幕 交易兴旺11冒号(colon)除了用在引语之前表示“说”外，还经常被用来代替联系动词“be”?Yeltsin：Muslim Nations Call for End to Tension in Bosnia Hergezervena）（ Yeltsin SaysThat Muslim Nations Call for a

8、n End to the Tension in Bosnia Hergezervena ）?叶利钦说：穆斯林国家呼吁尽早结束波黑紧张?Shanghai：Resplendent Pearl of New China（= Shanghai Is a Resplendent Pearl of New China)?上海是中国的一颗明珠。12破折号(dash)常被放置在不用引号的引言前后，以引出说话者?Economy Grows Slowly as Unemployment ，Inflation Rise -Economists（= Economists Say That the Economy Gr

9、ows Slowly as the Unemployment and Inflation Rise）?经济学家认为：失业率及通胀加剧使经济增长?Malaria m?l?ri? Still Menaces menis?Quater of Humanity- French Professor?（A French Professor Says that Malaria Still Menaces a Quater of the Humanity ）?法国一教授说：疟疾仍威胁着四分之一的人类13简短小词简短小词?英语新闻标题总是力求用有限的字数来表达新闻的内容，为此，在措词上尤其要狠下功夫，选词尽可能

10、经济达意、简短明了，偏爱选用那些短小精悍或字母最少的动词。这是因为短小易懂、形象生动的措词不仅能增强新闻的简洁性和可读性，而且还能节省版面篇幅。14?如表示“损坏”一词意义的动词，标题一般不用damage, 而用一些较之简短的词，如hit，harm，hurt，ruin或wreck等。?表示“放弃”这一概念的动词，标题一般不用abandon，而用drop, give up, quit, skip或yield等。?表示“爆炸”之类的动词意义时，一般不用explode, 而用blast，crash，ram或smash等词。15?简而言之，英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛的词

11、。?Guangdong Gets Good Harvest（= Guangdong Reaps a Good Harvest ）?广东喜获大丰收?US House Votes to Back Yeltsin（The US House Votes to Support Yeltsin ）?美国国会投票支持叶利钦16?标题除偏爱使用短小动词外，还常常选用简短、字母数少的名词或名词词组。如?aid = assistance( 帮助)body = committee/commission( 机构, 委员会)ban = prohibit/forbid( 禁止)end = terminate( 结束, 中

12、止)nod = approval ( 批准, 同意)poll = election poll/public opinion poll ( 选举民意调查、民意测验)talk=negotiation 会谈，磋商。17?Quake Death Toll May Top 2000（The Death Toll in the Earth Quake May Exceed 2000）?地震死亡人数估计已逾两千?New Groups Boost Hi-Tech Research（= New Groups Promote High Technology Research ）?新兴集团推动高新技术研究18缩略词

13、 （Aconym ）?缩写词又称首字母缩略词，将几个词的首字母加在一起合成一字，全部用大写字母拼成，从而代替一组冗长复杂的词或词组。这样，既可节省版面标题词数，又能更好地提示新闻内容，使人读来颇感简洁易记，还可使版面编排减少沉闷之感。19?CPPCC Head Meets Returned Overseas Students in Beijing?（CPPCC=The Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference：中国人民政治协商会议）?全国政协主席在京接见归国留学生。20?联合国教科文组织： UNESCO =United Nations

14、Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization?世界贸易组织：WTO=World Trade Organization?欧盟：EU=European Union?亚太经合组织：APEC=The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation?北大西洋公约组织： NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization?国际货币基金组织： IMF=International Monetary Fund 常见缩略词21节缩词节缩词(Abbreviation)?节缩词，亦称简缩词，通过“截头去尾”的方法将

15、一些常用的名词、形容词等截短或缩短，其宗旨同样是为了节省标题字数。如graduate （毕业生）-grad ；hospital （医院）-hosp ；billion （十亿）-bn; percent（百分比）-pc; cigarette（香烟）-cig 。?Weekly Mag for Stamp Lovers to Be LaunchedMagmagazine(杂志)集邮周刊即将发行?New Groups Boost Hi-TechResearch HiTechHigh Technology(高新技术)新兴集团推动高新技术研究?Chinese Govt Adds 43.9 Mln USD f

16、or Quake Relief =The Chinese Government Adds 43.9 Million US Dollars for Quake Relief22?nuke arm=nuclear arm 核武器?biz=buziness 商业?doc=document 文件?quake=earthquake 地震23?Year 2000 Bug Unstoppable for some companies.计算机千年虫问题迫在眉睫。American Online: Often down, Never Out.美国在线: 屡挫不败。新词（neologism）24常见新词?smog=

17、smoke+fog 烟雾?newscast=news broadcast 新闻报道?atobomb=atomic?t?mik+bomb 原子弹?stagflation=stagnation inflation 滞胀?fruice=fruit+juice 果汁?braunch=breakfast+launch 早午餐?Reagonomics=Reagons economics 里根经济政策25英语新闻标题的翻译?直译或基本直译(literal translation) ?如果英语新闻标题的含义很明白清楚 ,英语的表达方式与汉语完全或基本相同 ,直接翻译成汉语后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难时 ,

18、可以采用直译或基本直译。但直译不能影响准确达意 ,不能破坏标题的风格。例如:Looking Back To Ahead 回首往昔展望未来(直译)Spirit Valentine s Day Can Last All Year 一年四季情人节(基本直译)?Putin Faces Harsh Press Criticism Over Terror ?普京因恐怖事件受媒体严厉批评 (直译)26?意译 (free translation)?如果原英语新闻标题采用直译的方法不能准确概括新闻的内容,或不能如实体现作者意图,或者不合汉语的表达习惯时,可根据情况适当采用意译,例如:Some Kids Are

19、Orchids ?:kid 兰花 血案的反思(意译,点明文章的内容)Believing The Believers 人类的信仰(意译,指明作者的意图)27采用翻译权衡手法?增词使意义完整增词使意义完整英语新闻标题用词一般不多和英语标题倾向于对某一内容作“重点化”处理不求面面俱到这两点决定了其一般比较精炼简短。而汉语新闻标题追求“全面性”和汉语一词一意,使得汉语标题用词相对较多。所以,在汉译标题时,可以结合汉语新闻标题的特点,适当增加一些词语,使标题形式更加趋于汉语化,意义更趋完整,例如:?Older ,Wiser ,Calmer 人愈老,智愈高,心愈平?这条新闻聚焦于当今老龄化社会,尤其是老人

20、们退休以后在处理各种问题时表现出来的睿智和冷静。若按照原文逐字翻译成“更老,更明智,更冷静”就不如增加“人”、“智”、“心”三字意义更加明确,句式更加整齐,更加符合中国读者的阅读习惯了。28?减词?减词法的目的有三: 一是尽可能减去原标题中的虚词、代词、系动词等以求语言简练 ; 二是省略标题中的次要信息,以求突出关键信息,同时也符合汉语标题讲究含蓄地特点。例如:The Battle Of Human Versus Computer At Chess人机象棋大战?My Husband Is A Man In A Woman s World泡在女人堆里的男人29?体现原文修辞特点如果英语标题寓意于

21、某种修辞手段 ,如双关、比喻、押韵等,翻译成汉语之后中国读者也能同样感受得到 ,则尽可能体现原标题的修辞特点 ,不能保持原修辞格时,可换用其它修辞格或采用意译。?Courage Knows No Gender ( 拟人)勇气不分男女( 意译)After The Boom ,Everything Is Gloom (押韵)繁华好景不再,萧条接踵而来( 保持原修辞格)Middle East : A Cradle kreidl Of Terror (比喻)中东: 恐怖主义的摇篮( 保持原修辞格)Soccer Kicks Off Violence (双关)足球开踢拳打脚踢( 保持原修辞格)30?发挥汉

22、语的优势?在汉译标题时可适当采用对仗、押韵、成语甚至文言用语,是标题的翻译更加出彩 ,例如:?It Takes Determination To Complete One Of TheWorld s Toughest Car Rallies只要意志坚,不怕征途远(对仗)Saving Time For A Rainy Day储蓄劳务,未雨绸缪(四字成语)Stepping Up To The Firing Line载人难,难于上青天(夸张,套用诗句)Opportunities Knows - But At A Cost学习还是赚钱,是个问题(套用名句)31Death toll from typho

23、on in southern China rises to 54 32?Flooding and landslides triggered by Typhoon Fanapi have now killed 54 people and left at least 42 missing in southern China, state media said.?Guangdong province experienced its heaviest rains in a century as the typhoon moved slowly westwards after making landfa

24、ll 着陆 on Monday.?More than 78,000 people in low-lying areas were evacuated iv?kjueit疏散疏散 and one million affected, officials said.33?Meteorologists .mi:tj?r?l?d?ist气象学家 say the typhoon is the strongest to have hit China this year.?The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) has forecast more heavy

25、 or torrential t?ren?l 猛烈的 rains for parts of central and western parts of Guangdong.?Strandedstr?ndid 搁浅的, 进退两难的?All of the dead were from Guangdong province, where some areas had reported rainfall of more than 640mm (25in) over the previous 24 hours, according to the state-run Xinhua news agency.3

26、4?Subsequent flooding and landslides had destroyed more than 1,400 homes and inundated in?ndeitid淹没 more than 30,000 hectares hekt: 公顷of cropland, it added.?Economic losses were estimated at about 2bn yuan ($298m).?Heavy rain cut off traffic and communications in the three worst-hit cities of Gaozho

27、u, Xinyi and Yangchun, said He Guoqing, deputy chief of the flood control headquarters.35?Relief teams had been sent to the cities to help the thousands of people believed to be stranded there, Mr He added.?Xinhua said the dead included five people killed when a dam at the Xinyi Yinyan tin mine in X

28、inyi city was hit by a landslide and collapsed.?In southern Taiwan, two people died after Typhoon Fanapi caused flash floods. Tens of millions of dollars of damage was done.36China hits out over yuan criticism ?Premier Wen said he believed the trade disputes between China and the US could be resolve

29、d 37?Chinese premier Wen Jiabao has hit out at critics of Chinas currency policy.?The US has threatened to penalisepi:n?laiz处罚?China, accusing it of deliberately undervaluing the yuan to give its companies an unfair trade advantage.?But Mr Wen told US business leaders that the yuans exchange rate ha

30、d no relation to the US trade deficit defisit赤字 with China and should not be politicised.?Prime Minister Wen met US President Barack Obama in New York on Thursday.38?However both men steered clear of a row over Beijings currency policy, with President Obama saying that US-China cooperation had helpe

31、d ease global financial turmoilt?:m?il骚动, 混乱 .?Currency bill?In a speech on the sidelines of a United Nations global summit, Mr Wen said he conditions for a major appreciation of the renminbi yuan do not exist. ?The main reason for the US trade deficit with China is not the renminbi exchange rate, b

32、ut the structure of trade and investment between the two 潣湵牴敩?39?A House of Representatives committee is set to vote on Friday on a China currency bill that would punish China if it does not do more to let the yuan rise.?The full House is expected to vote on it next week, according to a Democratic a

33、ide.?“It is time for Congress to pass legislation that will give the administration leveragelevrid?杠杆杠杆 in its bilateral and multilateral negotiations with the Chinese government, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said on Wednesday.40?Earlier this week, President Obama said Chinas currency was valued lower

34、 than market conditions would say it should be.?So it gives them an advantage in trade. We are going to continue to insist that on this issue, and on all trade issues between us 湡?桃湩?琠慨?瑩?睴?慷?瑳敲瑥尮?Trade disputes?Currency is not the only point of tension between China and the US.41?Beijing has also w

35、arned the US not to interfere in a territorial .terit?:ri?l 领土的领土的dispute over claims to the South China Sea, while China is also angry over US arms sales to its rival Taiwan.?But Mr Wen said: I fully believe that all the disputes and friction in China-US trade at 桴?潭敭瑮挠湡戠?敲潳癬摥尮?He added that China wanted a strong and stable US, just as the US needs a strong, stable China.42