CHAP01Gruber-Why-Study-Public-Finance-公共金融与公共政策课件.ppt
- 【下载声明】
1. 本站全部试题类文档,若标题没写含答案,则无答案;标题注明含答案的文档,主观题也可能无答案。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
2. 本站全部PPT文档均不含视频和音频,PPT中出现的音频或视频标识(或文字)仅表示流程,实际无音频或视频文件。请谨慎下单,一旦售出,不予退换。
3. 本页资料《CHAP01Gruber-Why-Study-Public-Finance-公共金融与公共政策课件.ppt》由用户(三亚风情)主动上传,其收益全归该用户。163文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对该用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上传内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知163文库(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!
4. 请根据预览情况,自愿下载本文。本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
5. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007及以上版本和PDF阅读器,压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- CHAP01Gruber Why Study Public Finance 公共 金融 公共政策 课件
- 资源描述:
-
1、Prepared by:FERNANDO QUIJANO, YVONN QUIJANO,KYLE THIEL & APARNA SUBRAMANIAN1Why Study Public Finance? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan GruberPublic Finance and Public Policy, 2/eJonathan GruberChapter 1 Why Study Public Finance? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finan
2、ce and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber2 of 28Why Study Public Finance?1.4 Conclusion1.3 Why Study Public Finance Now? Policy Debates over Social Security, Health Care, and Education1.2 Why Study Public Finance? Facts on Government in the United States and Around the World1.1 The Four Questions o
3、f Public FinanceControversies about the proper role of the government raise the fundamental questions addressed by the branch of economics known as public finance.The goal of public finance is to understand the proper role of the government in the economy.Chapter 1Chapter 1 Why Study Public Finance?
4、 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber3 of 28The Four Questions of Public Finance1 . 1public finance The study ofthe role of the government inthe economy.four questions of public finance When should the government intervene in the economy? How might the governm
5、ent intervene? What is the effect of those interventions on economic outcomes? Why do governments choose to intervene in the way that they do?Chapter 1 Why Study Public Finance? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber4 of 28market failure Problem thatcauses the m
6、arket economy to deliver an outcome that does not maximize efficiency.When Should the Government Intervene in the Economy?Market Failures1 . 1The Four Questions of Public FinanceChapter 1 Why Study Public Finance? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber5 of 28The
7、 Measles Epidemic of 19891991A P P L I C A T I O N After the measles vaccine was introduced in 1963, measles cases had become relatively rare in the U.S. by the 1980s. Over the period from 1989 to 1991, however, there was a huge resurgence in measles. It is clear that this outbreak resulted from ver
8、y low immunization rates among disadvantaged inner-city youths. These unimmunized children were imposing a negative externality on other children who had received their immunizations but for whom immunization may have worn off. The federal government responded to this health crisis in the early 1990
9、s:The government publicly encouraged parents to get their children immunized. The government also paid for the vaccines for low-income families.The result was impressive. Immunization rates, which had never been above 70% before the epidemic, rose to 90% by 1995. Government intervention clearly redu
10、ced this negative externality.Chapter 1 Why Study Public Finance? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber6 of 28redistribution The shifting ofresources from some groups insociety to others.When Should the Government Intervene in the Economy?Redistribution1 . 1The
11、 Four Questions of Public FinanceChapter 1 Why Study Public Finance? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber7 of 28How Might the Government Intervene?Tax or Subsidize Private Sale or Purchase1 . 1One way that the government can try to address failures in the priv
12、ate market is to use the price mechanism, whereby government policy is used to change the price of a good in one of two ways:1. Through taxes, which raise the price for private sales or purchases of goods that are overproduced, or2. Through subsidies, which lower the price for private sales or purch
13、ases of goods that are underproduced.The Four Questions of Public FinanceChapter 1 Why Study Public Finance? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber8 of 28How Might the Government Intervene?Restrict or Mandate Private Sale or Purchase1 . 1The Four Questions of Pu
14、blic FinancePublic ProvisionThe government can directly restrict the private sale or purchase of goods that are overproduced, or mandate the private purchase of goods that are underproduced and force individuals to buy that good.The government can provide the good directly, in order to potentially a
15、ttain the level of consumption that maximizes social welfare.Public Financing of Private ProvisionGovernments may want to influence the level of consumption but may not want to directly involve themselves in the provision of a good.Chapter 1 Why Study Public Finance? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Fin
16、ance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber9 of 28What Are the Effects of Alternative Interventions?Direct Effects1 . 1The Four Questions of Public Financedirect effects The effects ofgovernment interventions thatwould be predicted if individualsdid not change their behavior inresponse to the inter
17、ventions.Indirect Effectsindirect effects The effects ofgovernment interventions thatarise only because individualschange their behavior inresponse to the interventions.Chapter 1 Why Study Public Finance? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber10 of 28The Congres
18、sional Budget Office: Government ScorekeepersA P P L I C A T I O N The methods and results derived from empirical economicsare central to the development of public policy at all levelsof government. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) provides Congress with the objective, timely, nonpartisan analy
19、ses needed for economic and budget decisions. The CBO increasingly plays a critical role as a “scorekeeper” for government policy debates. Legislative spending proposals that are to become law must first have their costs estimated by the analysts at the CBO.It is not an overstatement to say that the
20、 economists who work at the CBO frequently hold the fate of a legislative proposal in their hands. The large price tag that the CBO assigned to the Clinton administrations plan to reform health care in the United States in 1994 is often cited as a key factor in the defeat of that proposal. Chapter 1
21、 Why Study Public Finance? 2007 Worth Publishers Public Finance and Public Policy, 2/e, Jonathan Gruber11 of 28Why Do Governments Do What They Do?1 . 1The Four Questions of Public Financepolitical economy The theoryof how the political process produces decisions that affect individuals and the econo
展开阅读全文
链接地址:https://www.163wenku.com/p-2820991.html