高级英语-ppt课件.ppt

1、The key points of paragraph 26-28 What is the main idea of this part？ adjourn dn : close or suspend a meeting, usually to be resumed at another time休庭休庭 The influence of the trial on Dayton: Streets swarming with strangers; Hawkers crying their wares; Advertisements; The display of an ape. Darwin is

2、 right- inside.1ppt课件The key points of paragraph 26 When the court adjourned swarm: (n.) a large number of insects esp. bees, usually in motion (v.) move or emerge in a swarm When the court session finished (not the end of the trial) the people left the courtroom and found the area around the court

3、full of people from other places ( out-of towners)2ppt课件The figures of speech Pun: a play on words based on similarity of sound and sharp difference in meaning. Darwin is Right Inside. Seven days without water make one weak. (week)3ppt课件The key points of paragraph 26-28 The work of people in the med

4、ia circle: Reporters; H. L. Mencken; 22 telegraphists; sulphurous：fiery，violently emotional dispatch：a message sent to the a newspaper by one of its writers in his pants：without shirt4ppt课件The key points of paragraph 26-28 The work of people in the media circle: Reporters; H. L. Mencken; 22 telegrap

5、hists; The trial was moved from the court to the street for fear that the courts floor would collapse.5ppt课件The background: during the trialDarrow questions Bryan during the Scopes Trial (July 20, 1925)(Smithsonian )6ppt课件The key points of paragraph 29 More than 200 spectators sator squatted on the

6、grass, perched on the tops ofor gawked from windows. squat: crouch so as to sit on the heels with the knees bent and the weight resting on the balls of the feet perch: rest, stand or sit on some elevated place, usually referring to birds . gawk: look at something in a foolish way the specific verbs

7、here to describe a concrete situation.7ppt课件The key points of paragraph 29-42 The climax of the trail: Darrow vs. Bryan The sun was created the 4th day, why there was morning & evening on the 1st day? The punishment of the serpent by God How did the snake go before the punishment? The acceptance of

8、Darrows idea by the spectators: shaking hands with him8ppt课件The key points of paragraph 43 The third day of the trial: the verdict Guilty; 100 $ fine plus costs; A victorious defeat; The death of Bryan Changes in Dayton9ppt课件The end of the text: the last 2 paras. 1. The narrator: Going to Chicago to

9、 pursue the study of science Becoming a geologist for an oil company 2. the changes of Dayton: A William Jennings Bryan University Evolution is taught there.10ppt课件The end of the text: the last 2 paras. The oratorical stormthe passing years: 达罗和马隆在带顿小小法庭上掀起的那场辩论，犹如一股春风，吹遍了美国的学校和立法机构。随之而来的是日益浓厚的思想学术自

10、由的新气象。11ppt课件The end of the text: the last 2 paras. The battle Darrow and Malone fought in the little court in Dayton drew attention all over the country. It brought changes in the U.S. and paved the way for the spreading of the concept that people should be allowed to express ideas freely . Today,

11、free expression of ideas is accepted by most people.12ppt课件The figures of speech Oxymoron: a kind of paradox or antithesis that links together two sharply contrasting terms, as “cheerful pessimist”, “the wisest fool in Christendom”, “living deaths”, “freezing fires”, “glorious defeat”, etc.13ppt课件Th

12、e figures of speech A victorious defeat A living death Cruel kindness Parting is such sweet sorrow. Writing is busy idleness. “睁眼瞎睁眼瞎” 真实的谎言真实的谎言back14ppt课件The figures of speech Irony 反语反语: the expression of actual intent in words that carry the opposite meaning. It is an effective literary device b

13、ecause it gives the impression of great restraint.例如：明明天气不好，却故意说：例如：明明天气不好，却故意说：Its a nice, pleasant sort of weather indeed!汉语中的汉语中的“打是疼，骂是爱打是疼，骂是爱”15ppt课件The figures of speech1.英语中的反语分为三种类型：英语中的反语分为三种类型：1.1 Verbal Irony 指说话人利用词汇、语法指说话人利用词汇、语法手段表示明显的反意，例如：手段表示明显的反意，例如：1) It must be delightful to fin

14、d oneself in a foreign country without a penny in ones pocket.2)Barbara, my ex-best friend, came to my house to look after my children. She helped things out and took my things out. She did help! 16ppt课件 1.2 Circumstantial Irony ( Irony of Fate) 指由于事态的发展同某人原来的意料和期待相反指由于事态的发展同某人原来的意料和期待相反而造成的一种嘲弄。例如在

15、而造成的一种嘲弄。例如在Kate Chopin的短篇的短篇小说小说The story of an Hour 中，中，Mallard 太太得太太得知丈夫因车祸去世的消息时表面上一阵号哭，心知丈夫因车祸去世的消息时表面上一阵号哭，心里却暗自高兴，她早就盼望的一天来到了，不禁里却暗自高兴，她早就盼望的一天来到了，不禁低声对自己说：低声对自己说： “Free! Body and soul free!”但当她暗自得意时，丈夫突然出现在门口！原来但当她暗自得意时，丈夫突然出现在门口！原来他大难不死，安然回家，而他大难不死，安然回家，而Mallard太太却由于这太太却由于这突如其来的刺激而心脏病发作，不治身

16、亡，这是突如其来的刺激而心脏病发作，不治身亡，这是否算命运多舛？否算命运多舛？The figures of speech17ppt课件 1.3 Dramatic Irony 它同上面第二种密切相关，它同上面第二种密切相关，区别在于它往往指作者对区别在于它往往指作者对Irony of Fate 叙述中带叙述中带总结性的画龙点睛之笔，突出戏剧性的转变，如总结性的画龙点睛之笔，突出戏剧性的转变，如Kate Chopin 在上面那个故事结尾时写道：在上面那个故事结尾时写道：When the doctor came, they said she had died of heart diseaseof j

17、oy that kills. 句中的句中的joy语义：医生们以为她是由于看到丈语义：医生们以为她是由于看到丈夫生还后欣喜至极，以致引发心脏病；故事的读夫生还后欣喜至极，以致引发心脏病；故事的读者则不难看到事情正好相反者则不难看到事情正好相反她是乐极生悲，是她是乐极生悲，是由于庆幸丈夫去世过分激动了，结果又事与愿违由于庆幸丈夫去世过分激动了，结果又事与愿违，受到刺激猝死。，受到刺激猝死。The figures of speechback18ppt课件 Paradox：a statement that appears to be logically contradictory and yet ma

18、y be true, the purpose of which is to provoke fresh thought.The figures of speech19ppt课件 汉语里称这一辞格为汉语里称这一辞格为“反论反论”，“逆论逆论”，自相矛盾，即乍听似乎荒唐而实际上却，自相矛盾，即乍听似乎荒唐而实际上却有道理的某种说法，故有人称之为有道理的某种说法，故有人称之为“翻筋翻筋斗的真理斗的真理”。例如：。例如： More haste, less speed. Paradoxically (enough), the faster he tried to finish, the longer i

19、t seemed to take him.The figures of speech20ppt课件 In fact, it appears that the teachers of English teach English so poorly largely because they teach grammar so well. 这里需要说明，对我们中国学生来说，英这里需要说明，对我们中国学生来说，英语语法还是需要学的，只是不应把语法条语语法还是需要学的，只是不应把语法条条扣得太细太死条扣得太细太死,或机械地或机械地“以语法为纲，以语法为纲，因为那的确不利于英语学习。因为那的确不利于英语学习

20、。The figures of speechback21ppt课件Sarcasm：a cutting remark, a verbal sneer. Sarcasm pretends to disguise its meaning, but does not intend to be misunderstood. sarcasm是指尖刻的挖苦，甚至是严厉的叱是指尖刻的挖苦，甚至是严厉的叱责，汉语中称作责，汉语中称作“讽刺讽刺”、讥讽、挖苦等，常、讥讽、挖苦等，常常是单刀直入，不留情面地以反话指责别人，常是单刀直入，不留情面地以反话指责别人，使人家在感情上受到刺激甚至伤害。例如：使人家在感情上受

21、到刺激甚至伤害。例如：The figures of speech22ppt课件 When children call a boy “Four Eyes” because he wears glasses, they are speaking in sarcasm. “how unselfish you are!” said Ellen in sarcasm as her sister took the biggest piece of cake.The figures of speechback23ppt课件 Satire: It generally refers to a piece of

22、literary workprose, poetry or dramaand generally not to a single sentence. It uses ridicule to expose and to judge behavior or ideas that the satirist finds foolish, or wicked, or both; “A Modest Proposal” is a piece of satire.The figures of speech24ppt课件 sarcasm 和irony, satire同义，区别在于：sarcasm的特点是尖刻，

23、往往蓄意中伤或讥讽，irony 的特点是幽默或俏皮，故意使用同本意相反的说法，必须靠其语调或笔调表示真意；satire 可用来泛指irony, sarcasm等，其特点是用来讽刺社会现象或一些人，不像sarcasm那样指个人。 The figures of speech25ppt课件例如： In the novel Vanity Fair, W.M.Thackeray comments of a “good woman” that “those who know a really good woman are aware that she is not in a hurry to forgiv

24、e, and that the humiliation of an enemy is a triumph to her soul”The figures of speech26ppt课件Some of Aesops “Fables” are satires, eg: A Kid being mounted on the roof of a lofty house, and seeing a Wolf pass below, began to revile辱骂 him. The Wolf merely stopped to reply:“ Oh, my brave friend, it is n

25、ot you who revile me, but the place on which you are standing.”The figures of speech27ppt课件 In the evening the poor wounded boy was taken to that experienced doctor, who by applying some poisonous concoction调合物 of crushed leaves to his left eye, succeeded in blinding him! -sarcasmThe figures of spee

26、chback28ppt课件Paraphrase1. “Dont worry, son, well show them a few tricks.” (Para. 2) “Dont worry, young man, well do a few things to outwit the prosecution.”2. The case had erupted round my head(para.3) I was suddenly engulfed by the whole affair. 3. No one, least of all I, anticipated that my case w

27、ould snowball into one of the most famous trials in US history. (Para.9) I was the last one to expected that my case would develop into one of the most famous trials in American history. 29ppt课件Paraphrase4. “Thats one hell of a jury!” (Para.12)“This is a completely inappropriate jury, too ignorant a

28、nd partial.”5. “Today it is the teachers,” he continued, “and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers.” (Para.14)Today the teachers are put on trial because they teach scientific theory; soon the newspapers and magazines will not be allowed to express new ideas, to spread knowledge of scie

29、nce. 30ppt课件6. “There is some doubt about that,” Darrow snorted. (Para.19) “It is doubtful whether man has reasoning power,” said Darrow sarcastically.7accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. (Para.23) accused Bryan of demanding that a life or death struggle be

30、 fought between science and religion. 8. Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related. (Para. 26).People paid in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry.31ppt课件9. Now Darrow sprang his trump card by call

31、ing Bryan as a witness for the defense. (Para.30)Darrow surprised everyone by asking for Bryan as a witness for Scopes which was a brilliant idea. 10. My heart went out to the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Darrows hand. (Para. 43)Darrow had gotten the best of Bryan, who looked hel

32、plessly lost and pitiable as everyone ignored him and rushed past him to congratulate Darrow. When I saw this , I felt sorry for Bryan. 32ppt课件Translation1.原教旨主义者坚持严格按照字面意义去理解旧约全书，而现代主义者则接受查尔斯达尔文的进化论-认为一切动物，包括猿和人，都是由同一个祖先进化而来的。2.有一次辩论中，拉普利亚说，任何人要讲授生物学，就不能不讲进化论。 33ppt课件Translation3.附近一带的山区居民，其中多半是原教旨

33、主义者，也纷纷赶到镇上来为布莱思呐喊助威，打击那些“外来的异教徒”。 4. “我也知道他为什么会被带上法庭。那是因为愚昧和偏见还很猖獗，而且这两者又结合在一起，形成一股强大的势力。”34ppt课件5.“圣经，”他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，“是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的学者专家们赶出这个法庭的。这些专家们来到这里的目的是想证明主张人类祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝按照天机，依其形象创造人类并安排到这个世界上来的看法，是并行不悖的。”6.“真理是永存的、不朽的，而且并不需要依靠人的力量去维护它!”35ppt课件7.然而，尽管马隆在同布莱思进行的这场舌战中取得了胜利，法官还是决定不许在座的科学家们为辩方作证。 8.“我只是在考验你的那些愚蠢的想法，世界上没有哪个有知识的基督徒会相信你的那些想法。” 36ppt课件9. 达德雷费尔德马隆称这次庭审结果对我来说是一次“胜利的败仗”。 10.由克拉伦斯达罗和达德雷费尔德马隆在戴顿镇的小小法庭上掀起的那些辩论风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，随之而来的是日渐增长的思想自由和学术自由的新气象。37ppt课件38ppt课件