公开课课件动词不定式的用法.ppt

1、1. 动词不定式动词不定式的用法的用法1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作定语作定语4.作表语作表语5.作宾补作宾补6.作状语作状语动词不定式动词不定式2.动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态3. 巩固练习巩固练习1. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数人称单数。To get there by car will take a whole day.How to get enough money is still a question.1. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语有时候为了保持句子平衡，常用有时候为了保持句子

2、平衡，常用it作形式主语，放到句首，而将作真作形式主语，放到句首，而将作真实主语的动词不定式放到句末。实主语的动词不定式放到句末。It will take a whole day to get there by car.It is impossible for me to finish the work in a week.复合结构：复合结构：1)for sb. to do sth2) (It is +性格性格adj+)of sb. to do sth性格性格adj：nice, kind, cruel, thoughtful, careful, carelessIt is very impor

3、tant for us to learn English.It is difficult for him to finish the task in such a short time.It is very nice of you to help me.2. 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语常用于下列动词后：动词不定式作宾语常用于下列动词后：want, agree, decide, manage, wish, hope, ask, like, love , choose, promise, continue, plan, learn, expect, offer, prepar

4、e, refuse, pretend, attempt, intend, threaten, seek, hesitate, long, desire, fail等等等等。动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题1.有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语意义截然不同作宾语意义截然不同try, go on, stop, mean, regret, remember, forget等等forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事忘了去做某事forget doing sth.忘了做过某事忘了做过某事I forget telling her about

5、itI forget to bring the purse with me when I left home this morning.remember to do sth.记住去做某事记住去做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事记得做过某事I remember reading the story in some book.Remember to post the letter for me when you go to the post office.动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题动词不定式作宾语应注意的问题2. 如果不定式作宾语而后面又有一个如果不定式作宾语而后面又有一个宾

6、语补足语，这时要用宾语补足语，这时要用it作形式宾语作形式宾语而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。I feel it my duty to help you.I once thought it impossible for us to finish the job in such a limited time.3.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系，也可能是词或代词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。如果是动宾关系，不定式动宾关系。如果是动宾关系，不定式主动表示被动。主动表示被动。He w

7、as the last one to leave school yesterday.We have much homework to do everyday.4.动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语1主语和表语都是不定式（其含义主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：往往一是条件，一是结果），如： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.2主语是以主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, inten

8、tion, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组，或以等为中心词的名词词组，或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，表语用不定引导的名词性从句表示，表语用不定式说明其内容，如：式说明其内容，如： My idea is .My suggestion is . What I would suggest is . ：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词动词时，作表语的不定式可以省略符时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号号 “”，如：，如： All we have to do is . The only thing

9、 I can do now is . All I could do was . 5.动词不定式作宾补动词不定式作宾补常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有：常跟动词不定式作宾补的动词有：（1）可接带）可接带to的不定式作宾补的动的不定式作宾补的动词有：词有：ask, get, allow, forbid, prefer, force, inspire, advise, cause, tell, order, warn, teach, permit, wish, invite, encourage等等（2）可跟省）可跟省to的动词不定式作宾补的的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：动词有：在部分感官动词和使役动词后

10、，如：在部分感官动词和使役动词后，如：see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel, make, let, have注：注：help后可跟省后可跟省to或带或带to的不定式的不定式作宾补。作宾补。The teacher had us recite the text every day.I was let to do the experiment alone.Was he noticed to leave the house?动词不定式在主动语态中用省动词不定式在主动语态中用省to的形的形式作宾补，但在被动语态的句子中，式作宾补，但在

11、被动语态的句子中，要用带要用带to的形式作主语补语。的形式作主语补语。6.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目的、原因、结果、程度等。示目的、原因、结果、程度等。 They ran over .He stood up What have I said He came round Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? Im not such a fool as to believe

12、 that. The boy is old enough to go to school. 当当too前有前有only时，时，only too to译译作肯定。作肯定。 I am only too pleased to help you.当不定式前有表否定意义的词时，译作当不定式前有表否定意义的词时，译作肯定。肯定。We are never too old to learn.动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态1. I opened the door to enter the room. 3. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held

13、tomorrow. 一般式一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。发生，或之后发生。2.saw her enter the room.进行式进行式( to be doing)1. I am very glad to be working with you.2.He pretended to be reading when his mother came into his room.不定式的进行式表示正不定式的进行式表示正在进行的动作在进行的动作,和谓语动和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进词所表

14、示的动作同时进行。行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态.完成式（完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.不定式的完成不定式的完成式表示的动作式表示的动作在谓语表示的在谓语表示的动作之前发生。动作之前发生。巩固练习1. Several of these washes and dryers are out of order and_.A.need to be rep

15、airingB. repairing is required of themC. require that they be repaired.D. need to be repaired.解析：and并列谓语动词， need to be repaired相当于need repairing.D2. I wish you had brought your family with you. Ill get them _ next time. A. coming B. to come C. come D. have comeB解析：使役动词get后跟带to的动词不定式作宾补，let，make, hav

16、e后跟省to的动词不定式作宾补。3. We climbed to the top of the tower _a better view of the area.A. getting B. got C. having got D. to getD解析：动词不定式作目的状语，其余几个没这功能。4. What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house. A. getting B. having got C. being got D. to getD解析：名词the way后跟有两个定语，一个是定语从句Smith

17、thought of， 一个是动词不定式to get enough money to buy the new house.5. The young assistant was noticed _ the bank alone last night. A. entering B. enter C. to enter D. enteredC解析：感官动词后可跟现在分词和省to的动词不定式作宾补。不定式表示全过程，现在分词表示正在进行。在被动语态中用带to的动词不定式作主语补语。6. Wang Dong wanted to surf the Internet, but his father told

18、 him _. A. not to do B. not do it C. do not to D. not toD解析：tell sb. (not) to do sth. 为了避免重复，后面省略了surf the Internet.7. The party was successful, but we thought it a pity not _ you. A. invite B. to invite C. inviting D. to have invitedD解析：it为形式宾语，动词不定式作真实宾语，没有邀请这动作发生在晚会前，故用动词不定式的完成式。小结要掌握动词不定式的用法，重点要识记和区分一些特殊动词。如哪些动词后跟动词不定式作宾语，哪些动词后跟动名词作宾语；哪些动词后根省to的或带to的不定式作宾补，哪些动词后跟现在分词作宾补等。动词不定式的时态和语态关键要弄清不定式所表示的动作和句子谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后顺序以及动词不定式和句子主语、宾语或所修饰词的关系。See you next time!