2018年南京航空航天大学考研专业课试题211翻译硕士英语.pdf

1、科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 1 页 共 7 页 南京航空航天大学南京航空航天大学2018 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（ A 卷 ） 2018 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（ A 卷 ） 科目代码: 211 科目名称: 翻译硕士英语 满分: 100 分 注意: 认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无 认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 poi

2、nts) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1.Sincethecouplewouldnot_theirdifferences,theydecidedtogetadivor

3、ce. A.resign B.comply C.coincide D.reconcile2.Aloneinadesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt_lonely. A.everythingbut B.allbut C.anythingbut D.nothingbut3.Ifeachmanagermakeshisusualspeech,themeetingwillbe_about45minutes. A.exceeded B.delayed C.prolonged D.expanded4.Theboysfathersaid,“

4、Youlllearnwhatdisciplineislikewhenyougointothearmy.Youcantdoasyoulikethere,youknow,youhaveto_.” A.toetheline B.stayinthering C.runtherace D.keepyourguardup5.Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst_,andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation. A.potentiality B.priority C.superiority D.responsib

5、ility6.Herstubbornness_herinrelationshipswithotherpeople. A.prevailed B.prohibited C.hindered D.forbade7.Sofarashecould,Johnhadalwaystriedto_theexamplehesawinLincoln. A.liveupto B.setforth C.callfor D.cutout8.WithsufficientscientificinformationamannedtriptoMarsshouldbe_. A.obtainable B.potential C.c

6、onsiderable D.feasible9.Thenewsafetyregulationswereagreedonafter_withtheworkforce. A.conference B.participation C.intervention D.consultation10.Thereisnotmuchtimeleft;soIlltellyouaboutit_. A.indetail B.inbelief C.inshort D.inall11._menhavelearnedmuchfromthebehaviorofanimalsisnotnew. A.That B.Those C

7、.What D.Whether12.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_then. A.wouldhavebeenhere B.hadtobehere C,shouldbehere D.wouldbehere13.Thesecondbookwas_byAugust1952,buttwoyearslater,theendwasstillnowhereinsight. A.completed B.tohavecompleted C.tocomplete D.tohavebeencompleted14.Onlybyshoutingatthetopofhisvoice_.科目代码

8、：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 2 页 共 7 页 A.washeabletomakehimselfhear B.hewasabletomakehimselfhear C.hewasabletomakehimselfheard D.washeabletomakehimselfheard15.Havingnomoneybut_toknow,hesimplysaidhewouldgowithoutdinner. A.nottowantanyone B.notwantinganyone C.wantnoone D.towantnoone16.Peoplewhorefuseto_withthel

9、awwillbepunished. A.obey B.consent C.conceal D.comply17.Theseexcursionswillgiveyouaneverdeeper_intoourlanguageandculture. A.inquiry B.investigation C.input D.insight18.Everysocietyhasitsownpeculiarcustomsand_ofacting. A.ways B.behavior C.attitudes D.means19.Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislisten

10、erisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof_. A.assurance B.persuasion C.encouragement D.confirmation20.Chinastarteditsnuclearpowerindustryonlyinrecentyears,andshould_notimeincatchingup. A.delay B.lose C.lag D.lessenII. Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each p

11、assage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet. Passage1ThereportfromtheBureauofLabourStatisticswasjustasgloomyasanticipated.Unemployme

12、ntinJanuaryjumpedtoa16yearhighof7.6percent,as598,000jobswereslashedfromUSpayrollsintheworstsinglemonthdeclinesinceDecember,1974.With1.8millionjobslostinthelastthreemonths,thereisurgentdesiretoboosttheeconomyasquicklyaspossible.ButWashingtonwoulddowelltotakeadeepbreathbeforereactingtothegrimnumbers.C

13、ollectively,werelyontheunemploymentfiguresandotherstatisticstoframeoursenseofreality.Theyareavitalpartofanarrayofdatathatweusetoassessifweredoingwellordoingbadly,andthatinturnshapesgovernmentpoliciesandcorporatebudgetsandpersonalspendingdecisions.Theproblemisthatthestatisticsarentanobjectivemeasure

14、ofreality;theyaresimplyabestapproximation.Directionally,theycapturethetrends,buttheideathatweknowpreciselyhowmanyareunemployedisamyth.Thatmakesfindingasolutionallthemoredifficult.First,thereisthewaythedataisassembled.Theofficialunemploymentrateistheproductofatelephonesurveyofabout60,000homes.Thereis

15、anothersurvey,sometimesreferredtoasthe“payrollsurvey”thatassesses400,000businessesbasedontheirreportedpayrolls.Bothsurveyshaveproblems.Thepayrollsurveycaneasilydoublecountsomeone:ifyouareonepersonwithtwojobs,youshowupastwoworkers.Thepayrollsurveyalsodoesntcapturethenumberofselfemployed,andsosayslitt

16、leabouthowmanypeoplearegeneratinganindependentincome.Thehouseholdsurveyhasalargerproblem.Whenaskedstraightforwardly,peopletendtolieorshadethetruthwhenthesubjectissex,moneyoremployment.Ifyougetacallandareaskedifyoureemployed,andyousayyes,youreemployed.Ifyousayno,however,itmaysurpriseyoutolearnthatyou

17、areonlyunemployedifyouvebeenactivelylookingforworkinthepastfourweeks;otherwise,youare“marginallyattachedtothelabourforce”andnotactuallyunemployed.Theurgetoquantifyisembeddedinoursociety.Buttheideathatstatisticianscanthencapturean科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 3 页 共 7 页 objectiverealityisntjustimpossible.Ita

18、lsoleadstoseriousmisjudgments.DemocratsandRepublicanscanandwilltakesidesonanumberofissues,butamorecrucialconcernisthatbotharebasingmajorpolicydecisionsonguesstimatesratherthanlookingatthevastwealthofrawdatawithacriticaleyeandanopenmind.21.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstpassage? A.TheUSeconomicsituationisg

19、oingfrombadtoworse. B.Washingtonistakingdrasticmeasurestoprovidemorejobs. C.TheUSgovernmentisslashingmorejobsfromitspayrolls. D.TherecenteconomiccrisishastakentheUSbysurprise.22.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheunemploymentfiguresandotherstatistics? A.Theyformasolidbasisforpolicymaking C.Theysignalfuturee

20、conomictrends B.Theyrepresentthecurrentsituation. D.Theydofullyreflectthereality.23.Oneproblemwiththepayrollsurveyisthat_. A.itdoesnotincludeallthebusinesses C.itmagnifiesthenumberofthejobless B.itfailstocountintheselfemployed D.itdoesnottreatallcompaniesequally24.Thehouseholdsurveycanbefaultyinthat

21、_. A.peopletendtoliewhentalkingonthephone B.noteverybodyiswillingorreadytorespond C.somepeoplewontprovidetruthfulinformation D.thedefinitionofunemploymentistoobroad25.Attheendofthepassage,theauthorsuggeststhat_. A.statisticiansimprovetheirdataassemblingmethods B.decisionmakersviewthestatisticswithac

22、riticaleye C.politicianslistenmorebeforemakingpolicydecisions D.DemocratsandRepublicanscooperateoncrucialissues.Passage2Afewyearsback,thedecisiontomovetheBarnes,arespectedAmericanartinstitution,fromitscurrentlocationinthesuburbantownofMerion,Pa.,toasiteinPhiladelphiasmuseumdistrictcausedanargumentno

23、tonlybecauseitshamelesslywentagainstthewillofthefounder,AlbertC.Barnes,butalsobecauseitthreatenedtodismantlearelationshipamongart,architectureandlandscapecriticaltotheBarnesssuccessasamuseum.Foranyarchitecttakingonthechallengeofthenewspace,theconfusionofmoralanddesignquestionsmightseemoverwhelming.W

24、hatisanarchitectsresponsibilitytoBarnessvisionofamarvelousbutoddcollectionofearlyModernartworkshousedinarambling1920sBeauxArtspile?Isitpossibletoreproduceitsspiritinsuchachangedsetting?OrdoestryingtoreplicatetheBarnessuniqueatmosphereonlydoomyoutofailure?TheanswersoftheNewYorkarchitectstakingthecomm

25、issionarenotreassuring.ThenewBarneswillincludemanyofthefeaturesthathavebecomevirtuallymandatoryinthemuseumworldtodayconservationandeducationdepartments,temporaryexhibitionspace,auditorium,bookstore,cafmakingitfourtimesthesizeoftheoldBarnes.Thearchitectshavetriedtocompensateforthisbylaying out these

26、spaces in an elaborate architectural procession that is clearly intended to replicate thepeacefulness,ifnotthefantasticcharm,oftheoldmuseum.Buttheresultisacomplicateddesign.Almosteverydetailseemstoachefromthestrainoftryingtopreservethespiritoftheoriginalbuildinginaverydifferentcontext.Thefailuretodo

27、so,despitesuchanearnesteffort,isthestrongestargumentyetforwhytheBarnesshouldnotbemovedinthefirstplace.科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 4 页 共 7 页 TheoldBarnesisbynomeansanobviousmodelforagreatmuseum.Insidethelightingisfarfromperfect, and the collection itself, mixing masterpieces by Cezanne, Picasso and Soutin

28、e with secondratepaintingsbylesserknownartists,hasadistinctlyoddflavor.ButtheseapparentflawsarealsowhathavemadetheBarnesoneofthecountrysmostcharmingexhibitionspaces.ButtodaythenewBarnesisafteradifferentkindofaudience.Althoughmuseumofficialssaytheexistinglimitsoncrowdsizewillbekept,itisclearlymeantto

29、drawbiggernumbersandmoretouristsdollars.Formostvisitorstherelationshiptotheartwillfeellessimmediate.26.TheOldBarnesbecomesasuccessfulmuseummainlybecauseof_. A.thebeneficialgeographicalpositioninasuburbantown B.itsuniquedesignandorderlycollectionofarts C.theinfluenceofitsfounderAlbertC.Barnes D.thepe

30、rfectconnectionamongart,architectureandlandscape27.ThebiggestchallengearchitectsfaceinbuildingthenewBarnesis_. A.theethicalanddesignproblems B.thedifficultytoretainitsoriginalpeacefulness C.thelackofconfidenceinundertakingthetask D.thedifficultytoputalltheartworksinasmallerspace28.Accordingtothepass

31、age,thenewBarneswill_. A.becompletelythesameastheoldone C.bechangedintoanarteducationcenter B.takeupmorespacethantheoldone D.beforcedtobemoderninappearance29.WhydoestheauthoropposetorelocatetheBarnes? A.Therelocationmeansdisrespecttothepersonwhorunsit. B.Architecturescomplicateddesignwillmakethemuse

32、umcharmless. C.ThespiritoftheoldBarneswillbegoneinadifferentplace. D.ThemultiplefunctionsofthenewBarneswilldestroythecollection.30.WhatdoweknowabouttheoldBarnesfromthefifthparagraph? A.Itisafoodexampleofthegreatmodernmuseums. B.Itisdowngradedbythemixtureofdifferentpaintings. C.Theworldfamouspainters

33、worksmakeitacharmingplace. D.Itistheseemingimperfectionthatmakesitattractive.Passage3Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwith the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology,sociology,allthesci

34、encesofculturalachievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesisphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalklater.Inthefirstplace,allthisispureortheoreticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisintrinsicandconsubstantialtoman.Whatdistinguish

35、esmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexisted,andthattheworldwasofacertainkind,thathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.Bute

36、venwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacyandautonomyofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Let

37、merecallawellknownexample.IftheGreenmathematicianshadnot科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 5 页 共 7 页 appliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections(圆锥曲线),zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitmightsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenatureo

38、felectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmere intellectual curiosity,would eventually lead tomodern electrical technology, withoutwhich we canscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,becausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.But,inaddi

39、tion,itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.31.Themostimportantadvancesmadebymankindcomefrom_. A.technicalapplications B.apparentlyuselessinformation C.thenaturalsciences D.philosophy32.Theauthordoesnotincludeamongthesciencesthes

40、tudyof_. A.chemistry B.astronomy C.economics D.anthropology33.Intheparagraphthatfollowsthispassage,wemayexpecttheauthortodiscuss_. A.thevalueoftechnicalresearch B.thevalueofpureresearch C.philosophy D.scientificfoundations34.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressedtheideasofthispassageis_. A.TechnicalProgress

41、 B.ALittleLearningIsaDangerousThing C.MansDistinguishingCharacteristics D.LearningforItsOwnSake35.Thepracticalscientist_. A.knowsthevalueofwhathewilldiscover B.isinterestedintheunknown C.knowsthattheworldexists D.conceivesofcontemporarylife Passage4Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocour

42、tforshoplifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3000000sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.ThisamountstosomethinglikeHK$150millionayear,andrepresentsabout4percentoftheshopstotalstock.Asaresultofthis“shrinkage”astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.Shoplifterscanbedividedintothreemaincatego

43、ries:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeople who just cant help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the storedetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevision,twowaymirrorsandvariousothertechnologicaldevices,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhigh

44、valuegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshoplifting.Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhois,sotospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.Therealprob

45、lemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlawbidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofshoplifterisrarelypoor.Hedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthem.Hestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseo

46、fage,sicknessorplainabsentmindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.Whencaught,allareliabletoprosecutionandthedecisionwhethertosendforthepoliceornotisinthehandsofthestoremanager.Inordertopreventthequiteincrediblegrowthinshopliftingoffences,somestores,infact,aredoingtheirbesttoseparatet

47、hethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemis,perhaps,thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itisthe科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 第 6 页 共 7 页 aircrafthijacksi

48、tuationinanotherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyearstimewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabodysearcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!36.

49、Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops? A.Thereis“shrinkage”inmarketvalues. B.Manygoodsarenotavailable. C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety D.Therearemanycasesofshoplifting37.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey_. A.arementallyill B.arequiteabsentminded C.cannotresistthetem

50、ptation D.cannotaffordtopayforgoods38.Accordingtothepassage,lawabidingcitizens_. A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings39.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutth