英语A级阅读理解解题技巧PPT课件.ppt

1、.1应用能力考试应用能力考试A级之级之阅读理解阅读理解主讲人：邓乐江主讲人：邓乐江.2阅读理解构成部分阅读理解构成部分 Task A 多项选择题多项选择题 Task B Task C 填空题填空题 Task D 匹配题匹配题 Task E 简答题简答题.3v英语应用能力英语应用能力A级考试主要测试以下级考试主要测试以下阅读技能：阅读技能：v了解语篇和段落的主旨和大意；了解语篇和段落的主旨和大意； v掌握语篇中的事实和主要情节；掌握语篇中的事实和主要情节；v理解语篇上下文的逻辑关系；理解语篇上下文的逻辑关系；v对句子和段落进行推理；对句子和段落进行推理；v了解作者的目的、态度和观点；了解作者的目

2、的、态度和观点；v根据上下文正确理解生词及其意思；根据上下文正确理解生词及其意思；v理解语篇的结论理解语篇的结论v进行信息转换进行信息转换.4主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类因此有关阅读理解题目主要因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种有以下几种: :推推 理理 判判 断断 型型.51)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ise the main idea of this text?3)Which of the foll

3、owing best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:.6主旨大意题答题技巧主旨大意题答题技巧v1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。v2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。v3.文章

4、或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。v例如：例如：On the whole , in short, therefore I agree with the opinion that Given all these points above , I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentioned above ,I would prefer .7 如何寻找主题句如何寻找主题句Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Som

5、e feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called f

6、ast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主题句在段首）主题句在段首 主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。 .8Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work

7、on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2 2）主题句也会出现在段尾。）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据, , 层层推理论证层层推理论证, , 最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论, , 即段落的主题。本即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现, ,它是此段内容的结论。它是此段内容

8、的结论。 .9 Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in h

9、and . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3 3）在短文中间）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安排在段中间时, , 通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出文中导出, , 而后又作进一步的解释而后又作进一步的解释, , 支撑或发展支撑或发展. .return.10Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and

10、Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians

11、 biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）不能满足的）society.练习题练习题细节题细节题.11Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest c

12、ar producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.文章文章.12【解析】答案为C C。take sth. away take sth. away of sb.of sb.和和 cast sb. sth.ca

13、st sb. sth. 的意思相似。的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。文章.13 文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论论据据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案在文章中找到答案。 提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊

14、疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事实实细细节节型型 解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。.141）Which of the following statements is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where,

15、why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：.15Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the

16、 shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by t

17、he landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢复恢复”，因此推出，因此推出答案为答案为D D。 .16 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D

18、. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day

19、as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.17 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it like all machines, it needs fuel

20、to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is

21、the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows different, as t

22、he chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000练习题.18【解析】答案为 D D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案为 C C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C C 符合图表内容。文章文章.19 同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或或or

23、，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。近的或递进的，由此可以推测。 反义法反义法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。 释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。引出并加以解释说明。词词义义猜猜测测型型 情景推断法、代词替代法情景推断法、代词替代法等等.20常见的命

24、题方式有常见的命题方式有 .211 1）文中找线索或信息词）文中找线索或信息词; ;2) 2) 根据熟悉的词及词义根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；判断新单词之意； 3 3）根据上下文判断新词）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。汇在特定句中确切意思。4. 4. 特别注意熟词新意！特别注意熟词新意！做题要领做题要领.22Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage

25、3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的应得的，值得的)

26、. 解 释第四节.23解 释 这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，受过教育的的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （educatededucated）和没有受过教育的和没有受过教育的 （illiterateilliterate）；）；住在城市的住在城市的 （urbanurban）和住在农村的（和住在农村的（ruralrural），），年轻的（年轻的（youngyoung）和年长的（和年长的（oldold）正正好是一对对反义词。好是一对对反义词。因此选因此选 C C 项。项。本题答案选本题答案选C C.24 推理判断题：推理判断题：着重考查学生归着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑

27、推理等综合能力。纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。 以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的为前提，据作者的观点理论观点理论（非自己观点）（非自己观点），客观地对文，客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型 透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者思，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。度等。.25推理判断题推理判断题（做题要领） 既要求我们透过文章表面既要求我们透过文章表面文字信息推测文章文字信息推测文章隐含意思隐含意思，又要求我们对作者的态度、又要求我们对作者的态

28、度、意图及文章细节的发展作正意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从确的推理判断，力求从作者作者的角度的角度去考虑，不要固守自去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。己的看法或观点。.26推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出结论得出结论) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推论推论)?4. What is the tone (语气语气) of the author

29、?5. What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?6. The passage is intended to _.7. Where would this passage most probably appear?.27 Passage 4 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成绩成绩 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenbe

30、rger holds (vi.认为认为). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近来的近来的 ) point ( n.观点观点 ), he notes ( vi.特别指出特别指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使变得更紧使变得更紧 ) grading standards (及格标准及格标准 ) and restore ( vt.恢复使用恢复使用 ) failing grades (不及格分数或标准不及格分数或标准 ).练习题.28Q: It can be inferred fro

31、m the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_. rewarding poor performance ( n.成绩成绩 ) may kill the creativity of students . B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 给给不及格不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their ove

32、rall (adj.全面的全面的 ) academic (adj.学学校的校的 ) standards.D. Discouraging ( vt.使使失去信心失去信心 ) the students anticipation ( n.预期之事物预期之事物 ) for easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n.紧急紧急 ).文章.29 解析解析: : 问题是文中问题是文中 Eisenberger Eisenberger 举的一举的一个例子个例子, ,通过例证题目的考点分析通过例证题目的考点分析, , 我们知我们知道一般例子前后总结性的话道一般例子前后总结性的话

33、( (论点论点) )是解决是解决问题的关键问题的关键, ,这样我们就可以判断出该例要这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题说明的问题(答案答案: :A A) ) The topic sentence:The topic sentence: A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students. .译译: : 假设老师总让学生关注奖励假设老师总让学生关注奖励, ,或对表现或对表现一般的学生也给高分一般的学生也给高分, ,那么学生们最终都会那么学生们最终都会不求进取不求进取, ,没有灵感及想象力。没有灵感及想象力。.30Your Advice is welcomeYour Advice is welcomeSuccesss ahead!