文化与翻译-ppt课件.ppt

1、1ppt课件n翻译对文化的促进作用翻译对文化的促进作用n季羡林先生在谈到翻译的作用时，曾以中华文中华文明的发展明的发展为例，作了如下精辟的阐述:“为什么中华文化竟延续不断一直存在到今天呢?我想，这里面是因为翻译在起作用。我曾在一篇文章中说过，若拿河流来作比较，中华文化这一若拿河流来作比较，中华文化这一条长河，有水满的时候，也有水少的时候，条长河，有水满的时候，也有水少的时候，但却从未枯竭。原因就是有新水注入，注入但却从未枯竭。原因就是有新水注入，注入的次数大大小小是颇多的，最大的有两次，的次数大大小小是颇多的，最大的有两次，一次是从印度来的水，一次是从西方来的水。一次是从印度来的水，一次是从西

2、方来的水。而这两次的大注入依靠的都是翻译。中华文化之所以能常葆青春，万应灵药就是翻译。翻译之为用大矣哉！”2ppt课件3ppt课件4ppt课件is the totality of the spiritual, is the totality of the spiritual, intellectual, and artistic attitudes intellectual, and artistic attitudes shared by a group, shared by a group, nincluding its tradition, habits, social includin

3、g its tradition, habits, social customs, morals, laws, and social customs, morals, laws, and social relations. relations. nSociologically, every society, on every Sociologically, every society, on every level, has its culture; level, has its culture; nthe term has no implications of high the term ha

4、s no implications of high development.development.5ppt课件nEvery language belongs to a certain Every language belongs to a certain culture.culture.nIt is difficult to separate language It is difficult to separate language and cultural identity. and cultural identity. nHow different peoples express wha

5、t How different peoples express what they see is determined by how they they see is determined by how they perceive and interpret and react to perceive and interpret and react to reality.reality.6ppt课件nLi Hongzhang, one of the top officials in the Qing Dynasty, was invited to visit the U.S. He was w

6、armly welcomed. One day, Li was hosting a banquet for the American officials in a popular restaurant. As the banquet started, according to the Chinese custom, Li stood up and said, “今天承蒙各位光临，不胜荣幸。我们略备粗馔，聊表寸心，没有什么可口的东西，不成敬意，请大家多多包涵”7ppt课件n(今天承蒙各位光临，不胜荣幸。我们略备粗馔，聊表寸心，没有什么可口的东西，不成敬意，请大家多多包涵)nI am very h

7、appy to have all of you here today. Though these dishes are coarse and not delicious and good enough to show my respect for you, I hope you will enjoy them”8ppt课件nThe next day, the English version of his words was shown in the local newspaper. To his shock, the restaurant owner flew into a rage. He

8、thought it was an insult and insisted that Li should show him the evidence of which dish was not well-made and which dish was not delicious. Otherwise, Li intentionally damaged the reputation of the restaurant, and he should apologize. All the fuss made Li rather embarrassed. 9ppt课件CommentnWhat Li s

9、aid is just some formulaic polite expression common in type. Almost all Chinese people know this and could hear that nearly everywhere. nLiterally, Lis words are inappropriate, but they do convey the meaning of respect. nHere the language form is different from its content, a phenomenon which can on

10、ly be found in eastern culture.n 10ppt课件nAmerica is a country with highly valued individualism.nThey express themselves rather directly. nThey tend to hear words literally, therefore they cannot understand easterners over-modesty. nThe reaction of the restaurant is nothing unusual.nLi may change his

11、 words like this:n“The cuisine of your country is really great. It is my great honor to have a chance to entertain you with them” n(贵国的菜肴真是好极了，今天能有机会借花贵国的菜肴真是好极了，今天能有机会借花献佛，不胜荣幸之至献佛，不胜荣幸之至)11ppt课件Try to translate the following Try to translate the following idioms:idioms:nLove me, love my dog.Love m

12、e, love my dog.nBirds of a feather flock together.Birds of a feather flock together.nGild the lilyGild the lily12ppt课件Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌。爱屋及乌。If you love someone, you must accept If you love someone, you must accept everything about them, even their everything about them, even their faults or

13、 weakness.faults or weakness.13ppt课件Birds of a feather flock together.一丘之貉。一丘之貉。birds of a feather: people of similar interests or birds of a feather: people of similar interests or personalities personalities 兴趣爱好相同的人同类人兴趣爱好相同的人同类人物以类聚，人以群分。物以类聚，人以群分。in a context denoting bad personsin a context de

14、noting bad persons 一路货，臭味相投者一路货，臭味相投者14ppt课件Gild the lily画蛇添足。画蛇添足。people in the West: nature itself is people in the West: nature itself is beauty. beauty. gildgild: to do sth. artificial not beautiful: to do sth. artificial not beautiful“add unnecessary decoration or “add unnecessary decoration or

15、 exaggeration”exaggeration”多此一举，弄巧成拙多此一举，弄巧成拙15ppt课件In China, when people meet甲：甲：“吃了吗？吃了吗？”乙：乙：“吃啦！吃啦！”17ppt课件In western countriesA: “Lovely weather, isnt it?”B: “Yes, isnt it?”18ppt课件Terms relating to “吃”：n饭桶n吃不开n吃不了兜着走n吃不消ngood-for-good-for-nothingnothingnbe unpopularbe unpopularnland oneself in

16、land oneself in serious troubleserious troublenbe unable to be unable to standstand19ppt课件Terms relating to “吃”：n吃老本n吃软不吃硬n吃闲饭n吃香nlive off ones past live off ones past gainsgainsnbe open to be open to persuasion, but persuasion, but not to coercionnot to coercionnlead an idle lifelead an idle lifenb

17、e very popularbe very popular20ppt课件Wu Song killed a tiger in his drunken couragen武行者心中要吃，武行者心中要吃，哪里听他分说，哪里听他分说，一片声喝道，一片声喝道，放屁！放屁！放屁！放屁！21ppt课件Pearl S. Buck Now Wu the priest Now Wu the priest longed longed much in his much in his heart to eat, and so heart to eat, and so how could he be how could h

18、e be willing to listen to willing to listen to the explanation? He the explanation? He bellowed forth, bellowed forth, “ “Pass your wind, Pass your wind, pass your wind!pass your wind!” ”22ppt课件What do you think of Wu Songs imperative remark? n汉语汉语“放屁放屁”作骂人话时，喻指作骂人话时，喻指“说话没有根据或不合情理说话没有根据或不合情理”，而英语而英

19、语pass ones windpass ones wind只是一只是一种自然生理现象。种自然生理现象。23ppt课件 在译序中，赛氏解释了她将书名在译序中，赛氏解释了她将书名水浒传水浒传译为译为All Men Are All Men Are BrothersBrothers的原因：的原因：当然，英文的书译名并非原著本来当然，英文的书译名并非原著本来的名字，因为原名根本无法翻译：的名字，因为原名根本无法翻译：“水水”等于英文的等于英文的“水水”（waterwater），），“浒浒”意为意为“水边水边”（margins or bordersmargins or borders），），“传传”则相当

20、于英文的则相当于英文的“小说小说”（novelnovel）；至少在我个人看来，）；至少在我个人看来，将这几个字排列在一起几乎毫无意将这几个字排列在一起几乎毫无意义，也不能准确反映原书的意旨。义，也不能准确反映原书的意旨。于是，我自作主张，选取了孔子的于是，我自作主张，选取了孔子的一句名言作为书名（即一句名言作为书名（即“四海之内，四海之内，皆兄弟也皆兄弟也”），该名无论在内涵还），该名无论在内涵还是外延上均体现了这些绿林好汉的是外延上均体现了这些绿林好汉的侠义精神。侠义精神。24ppt课件 Translation and CulturenCultural Connotation Implica

21、tion of Animal Terms Implication of Color TermsnTrademarks and Advertisements25ppt课件 Cultural ConnotationnImplication of Animal TermsnImplication of Color Terms26ppt课件Implication of Animal Terms Talking about cultural connotations, one will first think of images represented by animals27ppt课件Implicat

22、ion of Animal Termsn英汉动物喻体相同、喻义相似n英汉动物喻体相异、喻义相似n英汉动物喻体相同、喻义相异n英语动物词汇的象征意义28ppt课件 英汉动物喻体相同、喻义相似英汉动物喻体相同、喻义相似 Sometimes Chinese and English Sometimes Chinese and English share connotative meanings:share connotative meanings: “ “狐狸狐狸” and “fox” and “fox” CUNNINGCUNNING“ “猴子猴子” and “monkey”and “monkey”M

23、ISCHIEFMISCHIEF“ “狼狼” and “wolf”and “wolf”SAVAGENESSSAVAGENESS29ppt课件WOLFThe Gospel of Matthew 7:15, New Testament “A wolf in sheeps clothing” 披着羊皮的狼表面温顺友善，实则凶残的伪君子30ppt课件WOLF：凶猛、狡诈、贪婪nThe life of the wolf is the death of the lamb. 狼的生就是羔羊的死。nWake not a sleeping wolf. 莫惹是生非nSee a wolf 吓得张口结舌，说不出话来nT

24、o lead a wolf into the house 引狼入室31ppt课件WOLF：心肠狠毒、忘恩负义：心肠狠毒、忘恩负义WOLF: 贪得无厌贪得无厌 greedy as a wolf32ppt课件FOX：诡诈、狡猾nHe is as sly as a fox. Youve got to watch him. 他狡猾如狐狸，你可要小心点。nYou can never fox me. 你绝对骗不了我。 33ppt课件SERPENT/SNAKEna snake in the grass 潜伏的危险，暗藏的敌人潜伏的危险，暗藏的敌人na snake in ones bosom(胸怀，内心）胸怀

25、，内心） 恩将仇报的人，背信弃义的人恩将仇报的人，背信弃义的人nserpent eye 如蛇般阴险的眼光如蛇般阴险的眼光34ppt课件PIG：肮脏、贪婪、懒惰nHed been a pig about money. 他对钱贪得无厌。nMake a pig of oneself 大吃大喝，狼吞虎咽nPigs in clover 行为卑鄙或粗鲁的有钱人35ppt课件Other Examples:nHe doesnt have an idea of his own. He just parrots what others say. 他没有自己的观点，只是鹦鹉学舌罢了。nAs slow as a sn

26、ail/at a snails pace 像蜗牛一样缓慢nA lion at home, a mouse abroad. 在家如狮，在外如鼠。nA rat crossing the street is chased by all. 老鼠过街，人人喊打。36ppt课件n英汉动物喻体相异、喻义相同英汉动物喻体相异、喻义相同n英国著名诗人英国著名诗人雪莱雪莱(Shelley)(Shelley)在一首诗在一首诗中号召被压迫者像狮子醒来：中号召被压迫者像狮子醒来： “Rise Rise like lions after slumberlike lions after slumber”n在学术界有权威的人

27、被称为在学术界有权威的人被称为a literary a literary lionlion，有如汉语，有如汉语“泰斗，执牛耳泰斗，执牛耳”。37ppt课件n汉语言中用“虎”比喻勇猛、威武，例如“虎将”、“虎劲”、“虎威”。n老虎不仅具备西方狮子的正面形象，还有“凶狠、残忍”的反面形象，如孔子的“苛政猛于虎”。nBeard the lion in his den 虎口拔牙nAn ass in lions skin 狐假虎威n英语民族也常用“狮子”来形容处于主宰地位的人。 Jack was married and had a lioness at home. 母老虎母老虎38ppt课件勤劳，吃苦耐

28、劳n汉文化：牛（俯首甘为孺子牛，老黄牛）n英语文化：马 (work like a horse 任劳任怨)nas strong as a horse 健壮nhorse power 力大39ppt课件羊n英国牧羊业发达英国牧羊业发达To separate sheep from goatsTo separate sheep from goatsnSheep: Sheep: 能力强，成绩突出者能力强，成绩突出者nGoats: Goats: 能力弱，业绩平平者能力弱，业绩平平者nBlack sheep Black sheep (There is a in every flock.) (There is

29、a in every flock.) 害群之马害群之马n长黑毛的绵羊比较少，魔鬼的标志长黑毛的绵羊比较少，魔鬼的标志40ppt课件试译：n牛饮牛饮nDrink like a fishDrink like a fishn对牛弹琴对牛弹琴nCast pearls before swineCast pearls before swinen落汤鸡落汤鸡nA drowned ratA drowned ratn狐假虎威狐假虎威nDonkey in a lions hideDonkey in a lions hidenAn ass in lions skin41ppt课件n蠢得像头猪蠢得像头猪nAs stu

30、pid as a gooseAs stupid as a goosen如鱼得水如鱼得水nLike a duck to waterLike a duck to watern养虎遗患养虎遗患nCherish a snake in ones bosomCherish a snake in ones bosomn狗改不了吃屎。狗改不了吃屎。nYou can not make a crab walk You can not make a crab walk straight.straight.42ppt课件nAlthough sometimes Chinese and Although sometime

31、s Chinese and English share connotative meanings, English share connotative meanings, in many cases the same animal in many cases the same animal image may stand for different image may stand for different connotations.connotations.nThe most conspicuous example is The most conspicuous example is 狗狗

32、and “dog”.and “dog”.英汉动物喻体相同、喻义相异英汉动物喻体相同、喻义相异43ppt课件nIn Chinese most phrases and idioms with 狗 contain derogatory senses: 走狗，癞皮狗，狗仗人势，狼心狗肺，狗胆包天nIn English “dog” is thought to be the most faithful friend of human beings, most phrases and idioms containing the word “dog” have neutral or commendatory

33、implications: top dog, lucky dog, clever dog, Every dog has its daynChina Daily “Chinas Watchdog Finds Fake Investors”44ppt课件龙 and “Dragon”n汉文化：汉文化：“龙的传人” descendents of the dragon, “真龙天子” true sons of the dragon from heavenn中国成语大辞典lists 115 entries with the character 龙, most of which are of commend

34、atory sense.45ppt课件nIn many Western folk tales the dragon is a terrible vicious beast which spits fire. n“chase the dragon”: to smoke heroin especially when it is heated on a piece of aluminum foil and the fumes are inhaled through a tube. 服用鸦片（毒品）46ppt课件n英国古诗Beowulf歌颂与凶残暴虐的恶龙搏斗而取胜的英雄史诗。nShakespeare

35、, Romeo and Juliet当Juliet听到表哥被Romeo杀死时，悲叹到： O serpent heart, hid with a flowering face! Did ever dragon keep so fair a cave? Beautiful tyrant! Fiend angelical! 啊，花一样的面庞里藏着蛇的心！ 哪一条龙曾经栖息在这清雅的洞府里？ 美丽的暴君！天使般的恶魔！47ppt课件nA dragon ladyA dragon lady 以统治者身份行使权力的女人以统治者身份行使权力的女人nThe Dragon/The Great Dragon/The

36、 The Dragon/The Great Dragon/The Old DragonOld Dragon 指与上帝作对的魔鬼撒旦指与上帝作对的魔鬼撒旦n亚洲四小龙：亚洲四小龙：the four tigers in Asiathe four tigers in AsianTo distinguish it from traditional To distinguish it from traditional Western “dragon”, some people now Western “dragon”, some people now use the term “use the term

37、 “Chinese dragonChinese dragon”. ”.48ppt课件蝙蝠 and Batn汉文化：“蝠”与“福”同音，象征吉祥、健康、幸福。n西方：丑陋邪恶的动物，与罪恶或黑暗势力相联系，特别是vampire bat（吸血蝙蝠）。nAs blind as a bat 有眼无珠nCrazy as bat 精神失常；发痴nHave bats in the belfry 异想天开49ppt课件 孔雀 and Peacockn汉文化：孔雀开屏汉文化：孔雀开屏 美美 “孔雀舞孔雀舞”n西方：虚荣、自傲西方：虚荣、自傲nAs proud as a peacock As proud as a

38、 peacock 骄傲自满骄傲自满nA peacock in his pride A peacock in his pride 炫耀一时的人炫耀一时的人nPlay the peacock Play the peacock 妄自尊大妄自尊大nHe attempted to peacock his way He attempted to peacock his way through the world. through the world. 他想名扬世界。他想名扬世界。50ppt课件猫头鹰 and Owln汉文化：不祥之物汉文化：不祥之物 “夜猫子进宅，凶事自夜猫子进宅，凶事自来来”n西方：智慧

39、、博学的象征西方：智慧、博学的象征 as wise as an as wise as an owlowln“A wise old owl lived in an oak. The “A wise old owl lived in an oak. The more he saw, the less he spoke. The more he saw, the less he spoke. The less he spoke, the more he heard. Why less he spoke, the more he heard. Why cant we all be like that

40、wise old bird?”cant we all be like that wise old bird?” 英国民间童谣英国民间童谣51ppt课件颜色词属于文化限定颜色词属于文化限定词，具有强烈的民族词，具有强烈的民族文化特征，每个民族文化特征，每个民族都有自己的颜色观。都有自己的颜色观。在不同的民族文化中，在不同的民族文化中，同一种颜色表达不同同一种颜色表达不同的文化心理，引起不的文化心理，引起不同的联想，具有不同同的联想，具有不同的文化内涵。的文化内涵。61ppt课件 Red 红色n红红 and “red” have quite different connotations in Ch

41、inese and English as is determined by the two different cultures behind the two languages. 62ppt课件n红红 stands for jubilation in Chinese so in the past the bride usually wore red dresses (many still do the same today). One of the extended meanings of 红红stands for wealth and nobility. 朱门朱门 and 红楼红楼both

42、 refer to dwellings of the upper class.63ppt课件nThough many people in Britain are fond of red, its association is very different in the English mind.nDavid Hawkesn红楼梦The Story of the Stone贾宝玉 “怡红公子” Green Boy怡红院 the House of Green Delight悼红轩 Nostalgia Studio64ppt课件 Red 红色n英语民族：流血、牺牲、殉难。red hands（沾满血的

43、手），red battle（血战）65ppt课件n对red的恐惧感可在圣经中找到答案。根据圣经福音书的记载，耶稣在受难前与十二门徒共进“最后的晚餐”。进餐时，耶稣拿起杯来说“你们都喝这个，这是我立约的血，为多人流出来，使罪得赦”。之后，耶稣甘愿被钉在十字架上，流血牺牲，用自己的生命作赎价以救赎世人。66ppt课件n英语中大写Red意指“左翼政治主张”、“共产主义者”。nRed-hunter 迫害共产主义者或进步分子的人nGet red “赤化”nred 也成为“政治上激进”的代名词67ppt课件red在经济贸易词汇里象征“赤字、亏损、负债”。nred letter red letter 经济活

44、动中支出多于收入的经济活动中支出多于收入的差额数字差额数字nin the red/red ink in the red/red ink 亏损亏损nget into red get into red 出现赤字、发生亏损出现赤字、发生亏损nget out of the red get out of the red 不再亏损不再亏损68ppt课件英语中red也有其正面的联想意义和语义。nred-letter daysred-letter days（纪念日、喜纪念日、喜庆的日子）在西方一般指圣诞庆的日子）在西方一般指圣诞节或其他的节日，因为这些日节或其他的节日，因为这些日子在日历上是用红色标明的。子在

45、日历上是用红色标明的。nroll out the red carpet for roll out the red carpet for sb.sb. 铺展红地毯隆重地欢迎某人铺展红地毯隆重地欢迎某人n美国白宫内有间美国白宫内有间Red RoomRed Room，常用来举行小型招待会。常用来举行小型招待会。69ppt课件 Green 绿色nAs a color liked by most people, As a color liked by most people, “green” is often used to refer to “green” is often used to refer

46、 to plants:plants:ngreen belt green belt 绿化带，防护林绿化带，防护林ngreen fingers green fingers 园艺技能园艺技能ngreen winter: a winter without green winter: a winter without snowing as the trees and grass snowing as the trees and grass remain green.remain green.ngreen revolution: agricultural green revolution: agricul

47、tural revolutionrevolutionn“green lungs of the city” - parks“green lungs of the city” - parksngreen food green food 绿色食品绿色食品70ppt课件Do you see green in my eye?nlack of experiencelack of experiencengreen hand, green horn green hand, green horn 新手新手n你看我是好欺骗的吗？你看我是好欺骗的吗？=Do you think I have =Do you thin

48、k I have no experience so you no experience so you can deceive me?can deceive me?71ppt课件Green also means “full of vigor or vitality”.nHer grand children wished her a Her grand children wished her a green old agegreen old age. .n他的孙儿们祝福她健康长寿。他的孙儿们祝福她健康长寿。nThough in the green, he may not be Though in

49、the green, he may not be equal to the task.equal to the task.n尽管他年富力强，不见得能胜任这项任务。尽管他年富力强，不见得能胜任这项任务。72ppt课件n“How old was I when you first took me in a boat?” “Five, and you were nearly killed when I brought the fish in too green and nearly tore the boat to pieces.”n“你头一次带我上船时我多大？” “五岁。当我把那条活蹦乱跳活蹦乱跳的

50、 大鱼弄上船的时候，你差点儿 送了命，那家伙差点儿把小船 撞得七零八碎。”73ppt课件n归化归化读者意译 优点：通俗易通、语言地道 缺点：丧失部分原文风貌特色n异化异化作者/原文直译（+解释或注释） 优点：保持原文风貌特色、传播外国文化知识 缺点：增加了理解困难、文字繁复影响审美选择标准：翻译的翻译的“目的目的”例如：广告-正面宣传-使潜在顾客易于理解接受该产品-归化 某些小说-欣赏故事情节和文字、保持流畅阅读-归化 某些小说-传播他国文化知识-异化74ppt课件83ppt课件84ppt课件85ppt课件86ppt课件87ppt课件88ppt课件索尼耳机索尼耳机岩石也娱乐89ppt课件谁说比