材料力学结构力学弯矩图-ppt课件.ppt
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1、(15)(14)(13)(12)(11)(10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)一、梁L/2L/4L/4qLqLqL2M=qLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=PL2PLLqLP=qLMLLqLLLL2PPLLLqLPLLPP=2qLLqLPL2PLPLLL/22M=qLqL(1)P作用下的M图:qL2q作用下的M图:221qL223qLP与q作用下的M图:(15)(14)(13)(12)(11)(10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)一、梁L/2L/4L/4qLqLqL2M=qLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=PL2PLLqLP=qLMLLqLLLL2P
2、PLLLqLPLLPP=2qLLqLPL2PLPLLL/22M=qLqL(2)P作用下的M图:qL2q作用下的M图:221qLP与q作用下的M图:221qL(15)(14)(13)(12)(11)(10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)一、梁L/2L/4L/4qLqLqL2M=qLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=PL2PLLqLP=qLMLLqLLLL2PPLLLqLPLLPP=2qLLqLPL2PLPLLL/22M=qLqL(3)P作用下的M图:q作用下的M图:221qL24qL25 . 4 qLP与q作用下的M图:直线与曲线相切22qL1ppt课件(15)(14)(13
3、)(12)(11)(10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)一、梁L/2L/4L/4qLqLqL2M=qLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=PL2PLLqLP=qLMLLqLLLL2PPLLLqLPLLPP=2qLLqLPL2PLPLLL/22M=qLqL(15)(14)(13)(12)(11)(10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)一、梁L/2L/4L/4qLqLqL2M=qLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=PL2PLLqLP=qLMLLqLLLL2PPLLLqLPLLPP=2qLLqLPL2PLPLLL/22M=qLqL(15)(14)(13)(12)(
4、11)(10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)一、梁L/2L/4L/4qLqLqL2M=qLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=PL2PLLqLP=qLMLLqLLLL2PPLLLqLPLLPP=2qLLqLPL2PLPLLL/22M=qLqL(4)(5)(6)从右向左作M图:PLPL从右向左作M图:223qL225qL221qL281qL从右向左作M图:PLPL(15)(14)(13)(12)(11)(10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)一、梁L/2L/4L/4qLqLqL2M=qLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=PL2PLLqLP=qLMLLqLLLL
5、2PPLLLqLPLLPP=2qLLqLPL2PLPLLL/22M=qLqL(15)(14)(13)(12)(11)(10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)一、梁L/2L/4L/4qLqLqL2M=qLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=PL2PLLqLP=qLMLLqLLLL2PPLLLqLPLLPP=2qLLqLPL2PLPLLL/22M=qLqL(15)(14)(13)(12)(11)(10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)一、梁L/2L/4L/4qLqLqL2M=qLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=PL2PLLqLP=qLMLLqLLLL2PPLLL
6、qLPLLPP=2qLLqLPL2PLPLLL/22M=qLqL(7)(8)(9)利用对称性作M图:221qL221qL281qL利用反对称性作M图:M21M21先计算支反力,再作M图:qL41241qL281qL2ppt课件(15)(14)(13)(12)(11)(10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)一、梁L/2L/4L/4qLqLqL2M=qLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=PL2PLLqLP=qLMLLqLLLL2PPLLLqLPLLPP=2qLLqLPL2PLPLLL/22M=qLqL(15)(14)(13)(12)(11)(10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(
7、4)(3)(2)(1)一、梁L/2L/4L/4qLqLqL2M=qLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=PL2PLLqLP=qLMLLqLLLL2PPLLLqLPLLPP=2qLLqLPL2PLPLLL/22M=qLqL(10)(11)(12)叠加法作M图:1.先考虑力偶作用PL2PL2.再叠加P的作用PL41先计算支反力,再作M图:P34P35PL34PL35先计算支反力,再作M图:kN4 . 1kN6 . 04 . 26 . 11 . 06 . 1(13)(14)(15)作M图,只需计算C截面弯矩Fl21作M图,只需计算C截面弯矩221qa曲线在B点与水平线相切281qa不用计算支反力,可快速作
8、M图30303ppt课件(16)(17)(18)先计算支反力,再作M图:F31FaFa31直接作M图:2qa289qa直接作M图:601020(19)(20)(21)CD段直接作M图,AC段采用叠加法:2qa221qa相切力偶只影响BD段,直接用叠加法作M图:2qa2qa力偶只影响BC段,力只影响AC段,作M图:22qa2qa不与水平线相切4ppt课件aaaaaaam(22)从附属部分开始,直接作M图:mmmmqLL(22)(21)(20)(19)二、悬臂式刚架(18)(17)(16)PPLLL/2L/2L/2L/2030PLL2M=qaP=qaP=2qaqq4a2aaa2a2aa3aM=2q
9、aqa2aa2m2m2m1560q=102mM=PL(23)从附属部分开始,用“局部悬臂梁法”直接作M图:2481aq24qa相切28qa216qa215qa25 . 8 qa2381aq5ppt课件(24)(25)(26)22qL8qL222qLqL2482qL2qL8PL42qL2qL /8LqM=qL2L/2LLP2PLPLLqLP=2qLPLLPLqLLLP2PLLLLqLLMP=qLLqLL2PM=PLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=qL2LqLqLqL/4L/4L/2一、梁(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)2PL9q
10、L22PL34pL5pL3qL22M2qL2qL22+pLpL22qL225qL3qL2222qLqL2882qL5qL2323225qL8qL2斜梁各截面弯矩值与所对应简支梁一样,作M图:所对应简支梁为:22qL8qL222qLqL2482qL2qL8PL42qL2qL /8LqM=qL2L/2LLP2PLPLLqLP=2qLPLLPLqLLLP2PLLLLqLLMP=qLLqLL2PM=PLP=qLLqLqLP=qLM=qL2LqLqLqL/4L/4L/2一、梁(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)2PL9qL22PL34pL
11、5pL3qL22M2qL2qL22+pLpL22qL225qL3qL2222qLqL2882qL5qL2323225qL8qL26ppt课件(27)(28)qL22(22)Lq2217qa215qa216qa8qa224qa2qa2PL2PL23qaqa222055530(21)(20)(19)二、悬臂式刚架(18)(16)PPLLL/2L/2L/2L/2030PLM=PLL2M=qaP=qaP=2qaqq4a2aaa2a2aa3aM=2qaq2m2m2m1560q=102mPLPL22PL23PL3PL3PL22PL9qa28a2aa228qa(17)用“局部悬臂梁法”直接作M图,P力通过截
12、面以上部分还有力偶,所以弯矩不为0:用“局部悬臂梁法”直接作M图,P力通过截面弯矩为07ppt课件(29)(30)qL22(22)Lq2217qa215qa216qa8qa224qa2qa2PL2PL23qaqa222055530(21)(20)(19)二、悬臂式刚架(18)(16)PPLLL/2L/2L/2L/2030PLM=PLL2M=qaP=qaP=2qaqq4a2aaa2a2aa3aM=2qaq2m2m2m1560q=102mPLPL22PL23PL3PL3PL22PL9qa28a2aa228qa(17)与杆件轴线相切用“局部悬臂梁法”直接作M图,P力通过截面弯矩为0用“局部悬臂梁法”
13、直接作M图8ppt课件(31)(32)用“局部悬臂梁法”直接作M图:Pl21注:P力通过点弯矩为0Pl21Pl21PlPl2Pl2Pl注:P力通过点弯矩为0用“局部悬臂梁法”直接作M图:9ppt课件(33)(34)(28)(27)(26)(25)(24)(23)qq2aaaa/2qqaa/2aqqaaaPL2LLLLP2LLLPPaaa2PLqa2PaPaPa2AB注:AB段弯矩为常数。(28)(27)(26)(25)(24)(23)qq2aaaa/2qqaa/2aqqaaaPL2LLLLP2LLLPPaaa2PLqa2PLPLPL3用“局部悬臂梁法”直接作M图:用“局部悬臂梁法”直接作M图:
14、10ppt课件(35)(36)(28)(27)(26)(25)(24)(23)qq2aaaa/2qqaa/2aqqaaaPL2LLLLP2LLLPPaaa2PLqa2PL2PLPL3(28)(27)(26)(25)(24)(23)qq2aaaa/2qqaa/2aqqaaaPL2LLLLP2LLLPPaaa2PLqa22qa221qa281qa11ppt课件(37)(38)(28)(27)(26)(25)(24)(23)qq2aaaa/2qqaa/2aqqaaaPL2LLLLP2LLLPPaaa2PLqa22qa2qa221qa与杆件轴线相切(28)(27)(26)(25)(24)(23)qq2
15、aaaa/2qqaa/2aqqaaaPL2LLLLP2LLLPPaaa2PLqa2221qa221qa2qa12ppt课件2m2m2m(34)(33)(32)(31)(30)(29)qqaaaaaLqLL/2L/2qL3m30kN20kN/m3m3m3m40kN10kN/mP=40kN2m2m2maPaa8010060100(39)(40)22qaqa222qa2cos2qL2+2qL22cosqL2qL2222qL90901008060100100PaPa2m2m2m(34)(33)(32)(31)(30)(29)qqaaaaaLqLL/2L/2qL3m30kN20kN/m3m3m3m40k
16、N10kN/mP=40kN2m2m2maPaa13ppt课件(41)(42)22qaqa222qa2cos2qL2+2qL22cosqL2qL2222qL90901008060100100PaPa2m2m2m(34)(33)(32)(31)(30)(29)qqaaaaaLqLL/2L/2qL3m30kN20kN/m3m3m3m40kN10kN/mP=40kN2m2m2maPaa331514ppt课件(43)(44)415qa221qa2822qa22qaqa2qa22qa2qa2PLPLPa22Pa2PaPa(40)(39)(38)(37)L(36)(35)三、简支式刚架aaqq2aqa2a2
17、qaa2qaqaaqq/2a/2qaaaa/2PLPPaaa/2a2Pa2Paqa227qa415ppt课件(45)(46)(47)支座B无反力,AB段无变形2m2m2m(34)(33)(32)(31)(30)(29)qqaaaaaLqLL/2L/2qL3m30kN20kN/m3m3m3m40kN10kN/mP=40kN2m2m2maPaaBAPaPa180180不用计算支反力,直接作M图AB计算A支座水平反力,即可作M图155 .228451516ppt课件(48)(49)415qa221qa2822qa22qaqa2qa22qa2qa2PLPLPa22Pa2PaPa(40)(39)(38)
18、(37)L(36)(35)三、简支式刚架aaqq2aqa2a2qaa2qaqaaqq/2a/2qaaaa/2PLPPaaa/2a2Pa2Paqa227qa4计算A支座水平反力,即可作M图ABABA、B支座无水平反力,直接作M图17ppt课件(51)(50)415qa221qa2822qa22qaqa2qa22qa2qa2PLPLPa22Pa2PaPa(40)(39)(38)(37)L(36)(35)三、简支式刚架aaqq2aqa2a2qaa2qaqaaqq/2a/2qaaaa/2PLPPaaa/2a2Pa2Paqa227qa4无水平支反力,直接作M图无水平支反力,直接作M图18ppt课件(52
19、)(53)(46)2.595q7qL24qL24223qL345453904806906904Pa334Pa4Pa2qa225qaqa22qa22qa22(45)(44)(43)(42)(41)3m4m4mqqLqLLL40kN10kN/m3m3m3m3m3m4Paaaa2aqaqaa2a2M=qaqa/2a/2a3qa22先计算A支座水平支反力,再作M图ABAB先计算B支座水平支反力,再作M图19ppt课件(54)(55)(46)2.595q7qL24qL24223qL345453904806906904Pa334Pa4Pa2qa225qaqa22qa22qa22(45)(44)(43)(4
20、2)(41)3m4m4mqqLqLLL40kN10kN/m3m3m3m3m3m4Paaaa2aqaqaa2a2M=qaqa/2a/2a3qa22先计算支反力,再作M图先计算支反力,再作M图20ppt课件(57)(56)(46)2.595q7qL24qL24223qL345453904806906904Pa334Pa4Pa2qa225qaqa22qa22qa22(45)(44)(43)(42)(41)3m4m4mqqLqLLL40kN10kN/m3m3m3m3m3m4Paaaa2aqaqaa2a2M=qaqa/2a/2a3qa22先计算支反力,再作M图先计算支反力,再作M图21ppt课件MM2P
21、a2PP2无弯矩N=P/222qL2qL2PLPL2qLqL22(52)(53)(50)(51)(48)(47)aaaaMaa2aPPLLL1.5LLLLqLPPL2LLqLLMPa2先计算支反力,再作M图无支反力,直接作M图(58)(59)22ppt课件(60)(61)MM2Pa2PP2无弯矩N=P/222qL2qL2PLPL2qLqL22(52)(53)(50)(51)(48)(47)aaaaMaa2aPPLLL1.5LLLLqLPPL2LLqLLMPa2AA处无支反力,直接作M图利用反对称性,直接作M图10510510510523ppt课件(62)(63)先计算A或B处支反力,再作M图A
22、B、CD段没有弯曲变形,直接作M图MM2Pa2PP2无弯矩N=P/222qL2qL2PLPL2qLqL22(52)(53)(50)(51)(48)(47)aaaaMaa2aPPLLL1.5LLLLqLPPL2LLqLLMPa2ABABCD24ppt课件APLMM/2M/2M/225kN.m25kN.mPa/25qa/29qa/2(58)(57)(56)(55)(54)LL/2L/2PL/2L/2LML/2q=20kN/m50kN50kN0.5m0.5m2m4m4ma/2a/2Pa/2a/2a3a3a2aqqa2qaPa/265kN.m25kN.m25kN.mPLPLPL四、三铰式刚架AAB以B
23、为矩心,计算A处水平支反力,再作M图计算A处支反力为0,直接作M图(64)(65)25ppt课件(66)(67)MM2Pa2PP2无弯矩N=P/222qL2qL2PLPL2qLqL22(52)(53)(50)(51)(48)(47)aaaaMaa2aPPLLL1.5LLLLqLPPL2LLqLLMPa2PLMM/2M/2M/225kN.m25kN.mPa/25qa/29qa/2(58)(57)(56)(55)(54)LL/2L/2PL/2L/2LML/2q=20kN/m50kN50kN0.5m0.5m2m4m4ma/2a/2Pa/2a/2a3a3a2aqqa2qaPa/265kN.m25kN.
24、m25kN.mPLPLPL四、三铰式刚架B、A处无水平支反力,直接作M图AABB、A处无水平支反力,AC、DB无弯曲变形,EC、ED也无弯曲变形ABCDE26ppt课件A图。支座水平反力,即可作计算出段弯矩为常数。点为直线,弯矩图过向相反;支座反力大小相等,方、特点:MADECBA图。即可作支座水平反力,或。计算出处弯矩为图对称,荷载,特点:对称结构,对称MBACM0PLMM/2M/2M/225kN.m25kN.mPa/25qa/29qa/2(58)(57)(56)(55)(54)LL/2L/2PL/2L/2LML/2q=20kN/m50kN50kN0.5m0.5m2m4m4ma/2a/2Pa
25、/2a/2a3a3a2aqqa2qaPa/265kN.m25kN.m25kN.mPLPLPL四、三铰式刚架(68)(69)ABCDEABCPL41PL4127ppt课件A图。支座水平反力,即可作计算出形。为二力折杆,有弯曲变形;为二力杆,没有弯曲变特点:MBCBAC22qa/32qa2qa/2PL(65)(64)(63)(62)(61)(60)(59)qaaaaq1.5aaaM1.5aaaq1.5aaaaa1.5aq2aaaPLLqa/22qa/222qa/2MMMMqa2qa2/8MMMM/82qaqa2/82qa/322qa/3222qa/3qa/22PL2MMMqa(70)(71)ABA
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