Unit 5 Grammar 定语从句 ppt课件-（2022新）人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、THE ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSE定语从句THE ATRIBUTIVE CLAUSECHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1基本概念和引导词 在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。结构：先行词+引导词+从句 定语从句 先行词引导词被定语从句所修饰的名词或者代词。引导词又称为关系词。分关系代词和关系副词。作用：1. 引导定语从句；2. 在从句中作一个成分；3.代替先行词在从句中的位置。关系代词在从句中充当主语或者宾语。关系代词后的谓语动词，即从句的谓语动词，应与先行词保持人称和数的一致。主要有以下几个词：who, that, whom, whose, which，as关系代词先

2、行词关系词在定语从句中的成分关系词人主主that/whothat/who人宾宾that/who/whom/that/who/whom/物主主that/whichthat/which物宾宾that/which/that/which/人/物定定whosewhose注：关系词在从句中做宾语时关系词可以省略。词汇辨析词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分who人人主语主语/ /宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语 例：I met a girl _ knew your sister. 主句先行词从句关系词作主语who词汇辨析词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分who人人主语主语/ /宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语 例：

3、I met a girl _ I want to marry. 主句先行词从句关系词作宾语whomwho不不填填注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。词汇辨析词汇辨析The person to _ I complained is the manager.用作宾语的用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用通常会被省略或用who或或that代之。如：代之。如：The person _ I complained to is the manager.whomwhomwhothat/The person is the manager.I complained t

4、o the person.词汇辨析词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分whose人人/ /物物定语定语 主句先行词 从句关系词作定语 whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与后面的名词为所属关系，可以指人也可以指物，可以与of which和of whom互换使用。 例：I like the room window faces north.whosewhose词汇辨析词汇辨析遇到以下情况只能用遇到以下情况只能用whowho，不能用，不能用thatthat。1. 当先行词是one，ones，anyone，those时，只能用whoGod helps those who help themselve

5、s.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have any difficulties with pronunciation should practice.2. 当先行词是人称代词时，只能用who词汇辨析词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分which物物主语主语/ /宾语宾语that人人/ /物物主语主语/ /宾语宾语注：一般在先行词为物体的时候，that和which都可以互换。 主句先行词 从句关系词作主语 例：She was not on the train _ arrived just now.wh

6、ichwhichthatthat词汇辨析词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分which物物主语主语/ /宾语宾语that人人/ /物物主语主语/ /宾语宾语/ /表语表语注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。 主句先行词 从句关系词作宾语 例：Is this the book _ you are looking for?whichwhich不填thatthat用 法 区 别1. 当先行词是anything，everything，nothing（something除外），few，all，none，little等代词时，或者是由any，every，all，some，no，little，few，muc

7、h，each等修饰时：Abby told me everything (that) she knew.All that can be done has been done.There is little (that) I can do for you.Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.在下列情况下，关系词用在下列情况下，关系词用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich。用 法 区 别2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时：The first place that they visited in London was

8、 the Big Ben.This is the best movie that I have ever seen.This is the very good magazine that I left on the playground.After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时：4. 当先行词被the very/only/same/last 修饰时：在下列情况下，关系词用在下列情况下，关系词用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich。用 法 区 别

9、在下列情况下，关系词用在下列情况下，关系词用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich。5. 当先行词前有who,which等疑问代词时：Who is the man that is standing there?He talked happily of the things and persons that he remembered studying in the school.The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.Which is the T-shirt that fits me the m

10、ost?6. 当先行词既有人，又有动物或者物体时：7. 当先行词在定语从句中做表语时：用 法 区 别在下列情况下，关系词只能用在下列情况下，关系词只能用whichwhich。1. 介词前置时，关系代词只能用which：I attend such activities regularly, from which I benefit a lot.Bruce doesnt listen to any advice, which makes his mother very annoyed.2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时，只能用which关系副词关系副词在从句中引导时间状语从句。关系副词

11、=介词+关系代词。主要有以下几个词：where (=in/at/on which)when (=on/during/in which)why (=for which)关系副词先行词句中成分where地点地点状语when时间时间状语why原因原因状语常见抽象地点：point, case, activity, situation, position, occasion, job, race, platform, policy, environment 等关系副词关系副词wherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语。关系副词先行词句中成分介词关系代词where地点地点状语in / from which

12、 主句先行词 从句作状语 例: Shanghai is the city where I was born.改: Shanghai is the city in which I was born.关系副词关系副词wherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语。关系副词先行词句中成分where地点地点状语 主句先行词 从句作状语 例: The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.主句改: The house in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.关系副词关系副词

13、whenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语。关系副词先行词句中成分when时间时间状语 主句先行词 从句作状语 例: The time when we got together finally came.主句改: The time at which we got together finally came.when在定语从句中时间状语。关系副词先行词句中成分when时间时间状语 主句先行词 从句作状语 例: I still remember the day when I first came to the school.关系副词关系副词when改: I still remember the day

14、 on which I first came to the school.关系副词关系副词whywhy在定语从句中作原因状语。关系副词先行词句中成分why原因原因状语 主句先行词 从句作状语 例: Please tell me the reason why you are late.改: Please tell me the reason for which you are late.介词+关系代词“介词+关系代词” 结构也可以引导定语从句。有以下几种结构：1. 介词+whom/whichThe woman general still can remenber the day on which

15、 she joined the army.2. 介词短语+whom/whichThe man has a house, in front of which is the sea.3. 不定代词或/数词 +whom/whichChina has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun.4. 名词 + of whichShe mentioned a magazine, the title of which I have written on my notebook.介词的选用1. 选用介词时要注意与先行词的搭配I will never forge

16、t the day on which I joined the army.I will never forget the days during which I worked in the school.I will never forget the year in which my son went to college.I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, by which most people had had supper. 介词的选用2. 选用介词时要注意与谓语动词的搭配习惯Have you found the book for which I pai

17、d 29 dollars?Have you found the book on which I spent 29 dollars?Have you found the book from which we learnt a lot?Have you found the book about which she often talks?1.The woman _ is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor. 2.Those _ want to see the film set down your names, please.3.I like these

18、 books _ topics are about history.4. Look, here are some people _ I want you to meet.who/thatwhowhosewho/whom/that/ /心灵手巧心灵手巧5.Tina felt diasppointed because the watch, _ which she was proud, was missing.of6. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?7. I will never forget

19、 the days _ we stayed together. 8.The reason _ he was late was that he missed his train.10. This is the camera _ which he often takes photos.that/whichwhenwhywhere心灵手巧心灵手巧9. Keep the book in a place _ you ca find it easily.with定语从句THE ATRIBUTIVE CLAUSECHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2定从的分类是指先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语。如果去掉，主句的

20、意思就不完整或者失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1. 从句修饰先行词，关系词在从句中做成分，且在从句中作宾语时可以省略；Ill never forget the day (that) we spent together.2. 可以用that引导；That is the very tool that are looking for.3.省去定从则句子意思不完整。限制性定语从句1. 从句修饰先行词或者前面的整个句子，或其中一

21、部分。He suddenly fell ill, which kept him from school.2. 不可以用that引导，主句和从句要用逗号隔开；His dog, which he liked very much, died yesterday.3.从句只是作为主句意义的补充，可以省去。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。aswhich位置句首、句中、句末常在主句之后修饰内容先行词或主句主句as引导非限定从时应被译为“正如.那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as

22、is often the case, as is expectedAs引导的非限定从Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.He didnt come to attend the meeting, as is expected.as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。aswhich位置句首、句中、句末常在主句之后修饰内容先行词或主句主句蓝色标记部分为被修饰内容。which引导的非限定从Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.My son now goes to the school, which I used to go to when I was a child.as和which都可以引导非限定从，但有些区别。aswhich位置句首、句中、句末常在主句之后修饰内容先行词或主句主句注：蓝色标记部分为被修饰内容。