Unit 5 语法定语从句 ppt课件-（2022新）人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、1.定义定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句2.先行词先行词： 被修饰的名词、代词或整句话被修饰的名词、代词或整句话关系代词、关系副词关系代词、关系副词：3.引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词关系代词：关系代词：关系副词：关系副词：when, where, whywho, whom, whose, which, that,as等等定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念关系代词关系代词修饰的先行词修饰的先行词所作成分所作成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语that 人或物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语关

2、系代词在从句中做宾语时，通常可以省略。关系代词在从句中做宾语时，通常可以省略。as与与which区别区别 1.位置位置 二者都可以引导非限制性定语从句，但二者都可以引导非限制性定语从句，但which引导的非限制引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，性定语从句只能位于主句之后，as 引导的非限制性定语从句可位于引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前，之中和之后主句之前，之中和之后,位置灵活。位置灵活。2.指代指代 as 指代整个的句子，指代整个的句子， which除了指代整个句子还可以指代句除了指代整个句子还可以指代句子中的名词和代词。子中的名词和代词。3.固定搭配固定搭配 as常与常与know

3、, see, remember , say, show, expect , guess等等动词连用，动词连用，as的固定搭配有：的固定搭配有：as we all know众所周知众所周知 as is expected正如所预料的正如所预料的 as the saying goes正如谚语所说正如谚语所说 as is said above正如以上所述正如以上所述 as is reported 正如报道的那样正如报道的那样 as is often the case 这是常有的事这是常有的事4.句义句义 as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的

4、观点、看法，意为点、看法，意为“正如，正像正如，正像”，which引导的从句在意义上相当于引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，意为一个并列句，意为“这一点，这件事这一点，这件事”关系副词关系副词when, where, why在在定语从句中，先行词定语从句中，先行词-表示表示时间、地点时间、地点或或原因原因的名的名词词从句中缺从句中缺状语状语要用要用关系副词关系副词when, where, whywhen, where, why 可与可与“介词介词+ which”结构互换结构互换I still remember the day when I came here. This is the hou

5、se where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling. on the day =on which=when in the house =in which = wherefor the reasons =for which =why关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词只能用只能用that不用不用which的情况的情况(1) 先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时等不定代词时。

6、(2)先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。等修饰时。(3)先行词被先行词被序数词或最高级序数词或最高级修饰时修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same修饰时。修饰时。(5)先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时。时。介词+关系代词的用法“介词十关系代词介词十关系代词”结构中的关系代词常用的有结构中的关系代词常用的有 which，whom， whose，不可用，不可用that和和who。The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The cit

7、y that/which she lives is far away.其中介词的确定主要遵循以下其中介词的确定主要遵循以下2个原则个原则:1.根据与定语从句中动词、形容词与先行词的某种根据与定语从句中动词、形容词与先行词的某种固定搭配固定搭配来确定来确定1）In the dark street. there wasn t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 2）Physics is the subject in our school in which every student is interested. 3）This is th

8、e camera _ I spent 6 yuan. 4）This is the camera _ I paid 6 yuan. 2.根据与先行词搭配的根据与先行词搭配的具体含义具体含义而定而定1）I never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.2）The colorless gas without which we can t live is called oxygen. 3）I remember the day on which I came to my tower of ivory.4） I

9、s that the newspaper for which you often write articles?on whichfor whichtoin 其它注意要点其它注意要点1.主谓一致主谓一致从句谓语动词和先行词保持一致从句谓语动词和先行词保持一致 one of +复数名词复数名词+关系代词关系代词 谓语谓语 动词用动词用复复数形式数形式 the only one of +复数名词复数名词+关系代词关系代词 谓语谓语 动词用动词用单单数形式数形式There are more than 200 volunteers who are helping with the work.Titani

10、c is the only one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.He is one of students who_ going to Beijing!He is the only one of students who_going to Beijing!areis2.2.Way的用法的用法先行词是先行词是way, 定语从句缺状语时，关系词用定语从句缺状语时，关系词用 that; in which; / 三种形式三种形式.定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用which/th

11、at, 做宾语时还可以省略。做宾语时还可以省略。判断判断the way 在定语从句中所做成分在定语从句中所做成分1.I dont like the way _ you speak to your father.2.This is the way _ he thought of to solve the problem.3.This is the way _ can be used in our company.状状语语宾语宾语主语主语3.3.分隔式定语从句分隔式定语从句正常情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词词之后正常情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词词之后但有时为了保持句子的平衡或行文需要，在其中间插入一些但

12、有时为了保持句子的平衡或行文需要，在其中间插入一些其他成分其他成分 I was the only person in our office who was invited.The day is sure to come when you will succeed.4.混点辨析混点辨析He sold his bicycle ,_surprised me._ is known to all, Einstein is a famous scientist._ is known to all that._ is known to all is that As WhatIt which定语从句与定语从句

13、与并列句并列句1.There are 50 students in our class, 20 of _ 1.There are 50 students in our class, 20 of _ are girls.are girls.2.There are 50 students in our class, and 20 of 2.There are 50 students in our class, and 20 of _ are girls. _ are girls. whomthem 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句1. We all have heard the news_

14、 our team won.2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.that(that/ which)易错对比练习易错对比练习1. 1)Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer 2)Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer 2. 1) It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema. 2) It was at eleven oclock _ they w

15、ent out of the cinema.3 .1) It was in the hospital_ he came across a friend of his. 2)It was the hospital _ he came across a friend of his. 4. 1). We should go to the place _ we are most needed. 2). We should go to the place _ needs us most.5. 1). Mother didnt come back on December 25, _was my birth

16、day. 2). Mother didnt come back home on December 25, _she was busy working.whomthemwhenthatwherethatwherewhich/thatwhichwhen6.1). This is the room _ he lived in his childhood. 2). This is the room _ he lived in last year.7. 1) The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday? 2) The teac

17、her couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday?8.1) We must learn to act in ways _ do not harm other living things. 2) I dont like the way _ he spoke to his mother. 3) This is the way _ he thought of to solve the problem.wherewhichwhywhich/thatwhich/thatthat/in which/不填不填which/that11.1) _ w

18、e all know, China is rich in natural resources. 2) _ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. 3) _ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources.12. 1) Im surprised at all _ he said at the meeting. 2) Im surprised at _ he said at the meeting. 13. 1) _ leaves the ro

19、om last ought to turn off the lights.2)_ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.14.1)This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. 2)This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week. WhoeverWhatAnyonethat werethat wasAsItthatwhat15.1) He still lives

20、in the room _ window faces to the east. 2) He still lives in the room, the window _ which faces to the east. 3) He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city.whoseofwhich/that16. 1)_ is known is that he has gone to college.2)_ is known that he has gone to college.3 )_ is known, he has gone to college.4)We all know _ he has gone to college.5)He has gone to college, _ made us surprised.6)He has gone to college and _ made us surprised.7) He has gone to college, _ surprised us.8)_ surprised us most was _ he has gone to college.WhatItAsthatwhichitwhichWhatthat