Unit 3 Food and Culture 重难点讲解 -（2022新）人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册高二上学期.doc

1、一 Reading and Thinking单词短语1. prioradj. 先前的；优先的prior to 在之前的例句The will was made two daysprior tohis death.遗嘱是在他死前两天立的。The duty to protect my sister isprior toall others.保护我的妹妹是我最重要的责任。2. consistvi. 组成；构成consist of 由组成consist inlie in 存在于，在于consist with 与一致；符合例句Happinessconsists incontentment.知足常乐。He

2、is a man whose actions do notconsist withhis promises.他是一个言行不一的人。The rescue teamis composed ofeight soldiers and two doctors. The rescue teamconsists ofeight soldiers and two doctors.The rescue teamis made up ofeight soldiers and two doctors.救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。注意consist of没有被动语态，相当于be made up of或be com

3、posed of，且不用于进行时。3. stuffvt. 填满；把塞进 n. 东西；物品stuff.into. 把塞进stuff.with. 用填满stuff up 用堵上例句He hastilystuffeda few clothesintoa bag.他急忙把几件衣服塞进包里。Her briefcase wasstuffed withpapers.她的公文包里塞满了文件。Shestuffedher earsupwith cotton wool.她用脱脂棉塞住了耳朵。4. slicen. (切下的食物)薄片 vt. 把切成薄片(1)a slice of 一片；一份；一部分slice.off

4、切下slice up 切成片(2)cut.into slices 把切成片(3)sliced adj. 切成片的例句Would youslicethe cucumberup?你能把黄瓜切片吗？They spenda fair slice ofthe budget on research and development.他们把相当一部分预算用于研究和发展。Hecutthe meatinto thick slices.他把肉切成厚片。Illslice offa thick piece from the loaf by myself.我要自己从面包上切下一大块。5. minimumadj. 最低(限

5、度)的；最小的 n. 最小量；最少量a minimum of 最少above the minimum 超过最低限度at a/the minimum 至少below the minimum 低于最低限度down to a minimum 降到最低点例句The candidates must have a first degreeat a minimum.候选人至少必须拥有第一学位。We tried to keep costsdown to a minimum.我们设法把费用控制在最低限度。Cook fora minimum of2 hours, or until the meat is tend

6、er.至少煮2个小时，或者直到肉变软。6. consumevt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗be consumed with 因而变得憔悴；给弄得心劳神疲consume away 消耗掉；憔悴；枯萎凋谢例句The flowersconsumed away.花儿枯萎了。Theyare consumed withjealousy at her success.他们对她的成功充满嫉妒。重点句式1. On the other hand, itdoes tellus a lot about Americans.另一方面，它确实告诉了我们很多关于美国人的事情。句中的“do tell”属于“do(does/did)动

7、词原形”结构，用来强调谓语动词，加强语气。“do(does/did)动词原形”结构，用来强调谓语动词，表示“的确，真的，务必”，有时态和数的变化。这种强调一般只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时。例句However, what Idid knowwas that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible.然而，我的确知道，我的女朋友觉得我身上的味很难闻。In order to achieve his dream, hedoes workhard.为了实现梦想，他确实在努力奋斗。Do writeme a letter when you get there.当你到了那

8、里请务必给我来信。2. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.当我和我的家人刚到中国的时候，我们去北京找一个吃饭的好地方。句中不定式to eat作后置定语，修饰名词place。(1)在the first，the second，the last，the next，the only等词和形容词最高级后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。(2)在time，way，chance，ability，promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式

9、作定语。例句The best way to travel isto takea highspeed train.最好的旅行方式是乘坐高铁。He is the only manto knowthe truth.他是唯一知道真相的人。The chanceto gofor a picnic has been ruined.去野餐的机会被毁了。He is always the firstto comeand the lastto leave他总是第一个来，最后一个走。二 Using language单词短语1. regardless of不管；不顾(1)regardless of the fact t

10、hat. 不顾的事实(2)regardless adv. 不管；不顾(3)in spite ofdespite 尽管；不顾例句They continued to workregardless of the fact thatit was raining.尽管在下雨，他们还是继续工作。Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying onregardless.尽管她最近做了手术，但她一直不顾一切地坚持下去。We arrived at the station on timeregardlessofthe storm.We arrived at the

11、 station on timedespite/in spite ofthe storm.尽管下着暴风雨，我们依旧准时到达了车站。注意regardless of强调“不认为重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可以接the fact that.；其同义词despite/in spite of还有“尽管但是”之意，其后一般不接从句。2. quantityn. 数量；数额(1)a large/small quantity oflarge/small quantities of“大/少量的”，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词a (large/small) quantity of后接名词作主语时，谓

12、语常用单数形式(large/small) quantities of后接名词作主语时，谓语常用复数形式(2)in quantity 在数量上；大量地in large quantities 大量地例句Our government spenta large quantity ofmoney in stopping pollution.我们的政府花了大量的钱来制止污染。Every day in hot summer,a large quantity ofbeer is consumed.在炎热的夏天，每天都要消耗大量的啤酒。Large quantities ofairconditioners hav

13、e been sold since the summer is coming.入夏以来，已出售大量空调。He likes reading and always buys booksin quantity/in large quantities.他喜欢读书，总是大量买书。3. idealadj. 完美的；理想的；想象的 n. 理想；完美的人(或事物)the ideal and the real 理想与现实realize/fulfil ones ideal(s) 实现理想be ideal for 对极为适合例句The houses are absolutelyidealfor families w

14、ith young children.这些房子绝对是有小孩的家庭的理想选择。In any casethe ideal and the realmust always be referred to one another.在任何情况下，理想和现实必须总是相互关联。Good excuse wont help yourealize your life ideal!美好的借口都不会帮助你实现自己的人生理想！4. trickn. 诀窍；计谋；把戏 vt. 哄骗；欺骗(1)play tricks/a trick on sb. 搞恶作剧；开某人玩笑make fun of sb. 取笑某人play a jok

15、e on sb. 取笑某人trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事例句Dont take it seriously; she just wants toplay a joke onyou.不要把它当真，她只是想跟你开个玩笑。We weretricked intobuying a poor car, which made me very upset.我们受骗买了一辆破车，这使我很生气。重点句式Put more simply,whilepeople continue to argue over whether or

16、not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.简而言之，当人们还在争论高脂肪食物是否危险时，我们已经知道糖是杀手。句中while引导时间状语从句。(1)while用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而”。(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在期间，当的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于though。(4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于as long as。(5)while用作名词，意

17、为“一会儿；一段时间”，此时主要用于短语中；after a while过了一会儿；for a while暂时，一会儿；all the while一直，始终等。例句Whilethere is life, there is hope.只要有生命就有希望。The boy is good at mathswhilehis sister is good at Chinese那个男孩擅长数学而他妹妹擅长语文。WhileI understand what you say, I cant agree with you.尽管我明白你的话，但我还是不同意。They chattedfor a whileand th

18、en went to work.他们聊了一会儿，然后就去上班了。三 Grammar过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态一、过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“had过去分词”构成。基本结构：had动词过去分词(1)肯定句：主语had动词过去分词其他。He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他去过纽

19、约。(2)否定句：主语hadnot动词过去分词其他。At that time we hadnt met her.那时我们还没有见到她。(3)疑问句：Had主语动词过去分词其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语had.否定回答：No，主语hadnt.Had you visited here before?你以前参观过这里吗？Yes, I had./No, I hadnt.是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组had主语过去分词其他？Where had you been before you came here?你来这里前还去过哪儿？(5)被动语态：主语had (not)be

20、en动词过去分词其他。By the end of last year all the preparatory work had been done.到去年底为止，所有的准备工作都完成了。二、基本用法1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的

21、图片。2. 表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。3. 叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had b

22、een a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。4. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。5. 过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew

23、，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。6. 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的复合句。When I woke up, it had already stopped rain

24、ing.我醒来时雨已停了。She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。注意如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。7. 动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等

25、用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。8. 过去完成时还可用在hardly.when.，no sooner.than .，it was the first (second，etc) time (that). .等固定句型中。Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience

26、 interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。三、与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。比较I have

27、learned 1,000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。I had learned 1,000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Im sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。四、过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语

28、连用。由“hadbeen过去分词”构成。1. 过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式(1)肯定结构：主语 had been done 其他成分。(2)否定结构：主语 had not been done 其他成分。(3)疑问句结构：had 主语 been done 其他成分？疑问词 had 主语 been done 其他成分？2. 过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。By the time he got to the school, the first class had been finished.当他到达学校

29、时，第一节课已经结束了。The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came.老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended?地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？(2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。He did what he had been told

30、 to.他做了别人叫他做的事。注意当从句由after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。When he arrived, he called her.他到达时，给她打了电话。They locked the door before they left.在离开前，他们把门锁上了。(3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。They said the production costs had been reduced.他们说生产成本已经降低了。The girl was

31、 reminded that her homework had not been handed in.那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.媒体报道有1000多人在地震中丧生。注意过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别：现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。例如：This polluted river has been cleaned.这条被污染了的河流已被净化。析

32、：该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。例如：He said this book had been translated into Japanese.他说这本书已被译成日语。析：该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。四 Writing描述类说明文文体指导描述类说明文一般是用简明的语言对某个事物、某项活动、某个产品或者某种风俗习惯进行描写，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。基本框架描述类说明文的结构安排：1. 简要说明所要描述的事物。2. 从不同的方面详细说明，并表达自己的看法或观点。3. 总结概括。写作时应注意以下三个方面：1. 此类书面表达通常为话题作文或看图作文，所以应仔细研读提

33、示信息或图画，明确应围绕什么问题或现象展开评论。2. 围绕主题进行拓展。根据要求和提示信息合理安排篇章中各部分内容的比例，做到详略得当、条理清楚、文字简练。3. 时态：多采用一般现在时，但如果提示中给出了具体时间，可对时态进行相应的调整。常用词块1. keep us healthy使我们健康2. have healthy eating habits有健康的饮食习惯3. in different ways以不同的方式4. be very important for对非常重要5. stay far from远离6. a growing focus on health care越来越注重养生7. b

34、e of great help to对帮助很大8. change some of our eating habits改变一些我们的饮食习惯9. for some reason由于某个理由；由于某种原因10. realize the importance of意识到的重要性常用语句1. Healthy eating habits are very important for our health.健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康很重要。2. Besides, we should focus on a balanced diet, which assures us the necessary nutri

35、tions.此外，我们应该注意饮食平衡，这能保证我们必要的营养。3. It is said that most of the students do not eat anything at all in the morning, which is very bad for health.据说大部分的学生早上几乎什么都不吃，这对健康是有害的。4. As the saying goes, bread is the staff of life, eating healthily and deliciously is the goal we pursue.俗话说，民以食为天，吃得美味又健康是我们所追求

36、的目标。5. From my point of view, in order to build healthy eating habits, we should eat more vegetables and less fat and sugar.我认为，为了养成健康的饮食习惯，我们应该多吃蔬菜，少摄入脂肪和糖分。6. All in all, we should realize the importance of healthy diet.总之，我们应该意识到健康饮食的重要性。学以致用请用英语写一篇短文，描述自己的饮食习惯，并就“健康饮食”提出自己的看法或建议。注意：1. 字数80左右；2.

37、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文 Like most people from the North, cooked wheaten food is always my favorite. I often have noodles for breakfast, steam bread or pancake for lunch and supper. I eat vegetables every day. I like seafood though its a little expensive. I often go out for good meals with my families and friends, but we often eat a lot of meat there. I think we should form healthy eating habits. Breakfast is very important to our health. Besides, wed better eat less meat and more fresh vegetables. All in all, we should realize the importance of healthy diet.