Unit1 课文填空与翻译 -（2022新）人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册.docx

1、2019人教版高中英语选择性必修二 课文填空与中英文对照本套课文填空旨在于帮助学生在语境中，通过词性，词语固定搭配和主题内容，积累词块，扩大词汇量。通过填空启发学生思维，强化语感，迁移语用能力，最终做到词汇沉淀内化。避免了学生只朗读，不思考或对知识点把握不足情况。每篇课文词汇表中黑体词汇、重要写作热点句型和短语以汉译英形式体现，非黑体词汇以英译汉形式体现，长难句主要让学生盲填连词为主，以帮助学生思考句子结构。本练习适用于新授课或高三总复习中大部分学生精读精讲后的巩固练习，优秀生也可直接以练代讲，有利于把握重点，进行自主学习。Unit1 Science and scientists Readin

2、g and Thinking（P2） JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” 约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”Para.1 Cholera used to be one of 1._(fear) diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes 2. _（严重的）diarrhoea, dehydration, and even 3._(die). 4._ _ _ _ _ （在19世纪初）, when an o

3、utbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died 5._ the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became 6._ （沮丧） because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he 7._(rise) to become a famous doctor, and even attended 8._ Queen Victoria when she 9._ _（分娩）. 10._, he never lost his

4、desire 11._(destroy) cholera 12._ _ _ _ （最终地,彻底地）.Para.2 1._ _ （一般而言）, doctors in those days had two 2._（相互矛盾的） theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was 3._ bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera 4._(cause) by an 5._ from germs in food or water. Snow 6._ _（赞同） the second

5、theory. It was correct, but he still needed 7._ （证据）. 8._ (consequence), when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe 9._ more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined11._ (find)

6、out why.Para.3 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places 1._ all those who died had lived. There were 2._（数量多的；多种多样的） deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). However, some 3._（家庭）(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) ha

7、d had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They 4._(give) free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow 5._（怀疑） that the water pump was 6._(blame). What is more in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died 7._ cholera after moving away from

8、 Broad Street. 8._ _ _（似乎） the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it 9._(deliver) to her house every day. As 10._ result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. 11._, (accord) he had the 12._（手柄；把手） of the pump removed so that

9、 it could not be used. Through this 13._（介入；出面；干涉）, the disease was stopped in its tracks.Para.4 The truth was 1._ the water from the Broad Street pump2._(infect)by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a 3._（联系；纽带） between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. S

10、ome companies sold water from the River Thames 4._was polluted by 5._（未经处理的） waste. The people who drank this water were 6._(like) to get cholera than those who drank 7._（干净的；纯的） or boiled water.Para.5 Through Snows 1._(tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the 2._（威胁）of chol

11、era around the world saw a 3._ _（持续地降低）. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. 4._(fortunate), we know how to prevent cholera, thanks 5._ the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and 6._（统计数学；统计资料；统计学）, Snow 7

12、._（使改观；使改变形态） the way scientist study diseases. 8._ this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. 参考答案：Para.11. the most feared 2.severe 3.death 4.In the early 19th century 5.from 6.frustrated 7.rose 8.to 9.gave birth 10.However 11.to destroy 12.once and for allPara.2 1.In gener

13、al 2.contradictory 3.that 4.was caused 5.infection 6.subscribed to 7.proof 8.Consequently 9.that 10. to findPara.3 1.where 2.multiple 3.households 4.had been given 5.suspected 6.to blame 7.of 8. It seemed that 9.delivered 10.a 11.Accordingly 12.handle 13.interventionPara.4 1.that 2.had been infected

14、 3.link 4.that 5.raw 6.more likely 7.purePara.5 1.tireless 2.threat 3.substantial decrease 4.Fortunately 5.to 6.statistics 7.transformed 8.For霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一,直到一位英国医生约翰斯诺向我们展示了如何才能战胜霍乱。这种疾病会导致严重腹泻、脱水,甚至死亡。19世纪初,欧洲爆发霍乱,数百万人死于霍乱。作为一名年轻的医生,约翰斯诺变得沮丧,因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。很快,他成为了一位著名的医生,甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。然而,他从

15、未失去彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。一般来说,当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。一种理论认为是空气不好导致了这种疾病。另一种说法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是对的,但他还需要证据。因此,1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时,斯诺开始进行调查。他发现有两条街道的霍乱疫情非常严重,十天内有500多人死亡。他决心找出原因。下雪的开始是在地图上标出所有死去的人居住过的确切地点。Broad Street的水泵附近有多人死亡（尤其是16号、37.38号和40号房子）。但是,有些家庭（如20和21 Broad Street,8和9 Cambridge没有死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号

16、的酒吧工作。他们得到了免费啤酒,所以没有喝水泵里的水。斯诺怀疑是水泵造成的。更糟糕的是,在伦敦的另一个地方,一名妇女和她的女儿在离开布罗德街后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水,所以她每天都要把水送到她家里。作为这一证据的结果,约翰斯诺能够宣布水泵的水携带霍乱病菌。因此,他把泵的手柄取下,使其无法使用。通过这一干预措施,疾病得以遏制。事实是,街上水泵的水已经被垃圾污染了,而且,斯诺后来发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售被未经处理的废水污染的泰晤士河的水。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。通过斯诺的不懈努力,自来水公司开始销售清洁水,全球霍乱的威胁也

17、大幅减少。然而,霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年,全世界有数百万人感染霍乱,许多人死于霍乱。幸运的是,多亏了约翰斯诺的工作,我们知道如何预防霍乱。此外,斯诺在使用地图和统计学的过程中,改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此,斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。Unit1 Using Language（P.7）THE FATHER OF CHINAS _（航空航天工业）Para.1 Perhaps no other scientist has had a 1._(great) impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 2._ (describe) by

18、 the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen 3._ a man with great scientific thought and scientific spirit who was 4._ （爱国的）and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and 5._(devote), Qian was an 6._(extreme) well-respected man.Para.2 1._(bear) in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijin

19、g and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2._(study) Railway 3._（机械的；发动机的） Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle 4._ _（爆发） in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to 5._（航空制造业；航空；飞行） because he 6._(real) that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and 7._（保卫） th

20、e country.Para.3 Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his 1._ _（研究生学习）. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American 2._（喷气式飞机） and rocket technology. As a graduate 3._(assist) at the California institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct im

21、portant research into rocket propulsion, and 4._ _ _（在20世纪40年代）, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASAS 5._(lead) space-exploration centres.Para.4 After overcoming some 1._（difficult） during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. H

22、e received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put 2._ _ _（掌管；负责） not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and 3._（导弹） programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was 4._（develop）. No institute or university in China offered rocket science 5._ a major, an

23、d there were no talents or experts in this field in China. 6._, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When 7._（ask） Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” his reply was a 8._（determine） Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”Para.5

24、Under Qians 1._（领导）, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, 2._(follow) by the first generation of 3._ _ _（长征火箭）. In 1970, China 4._（success） launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be 5. _

25、（追溯；追踪） back to Qians research, Qian earned the name of 6._ _ _ _ _（中国航天之父）.”Para.6 Qian read a lot and was extremely 1_（knowledge）, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, 2._ might have made him such an 3._（优秀的；杰出的） and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in o

26、ther things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him 4._（inspire） in his scientific research.Para.7 _ _ _ _（在2009年10月31日）, the whole country was 2._(sad) by Qians death, and people 3._(honor) and remembered him in different ways.参考答案标题：AEROSPACEPara.1 1.greater 2.Desc

27、ribed 3.as 4.patriotic 5.devotion 6.extremely Para.2 1.Born 2.to study 3.Mechanical 4.broke out 5.aviation 6.realised 7.defendPara.3 1.graduate studies 2.jet 3.assistant 4.in the 1940s 5.leadingPara.4 1.difficulties 2.in charge of 3.missile 4.undeveloped 5.as 6.Nevertheless 7.asked 8.determinedPara.

28、5 1.leadership 2.followed 3.Long March rockets 4.successfully 5.traced 6.the father of Chinas aerospacePara.6 1.knowledgeable 2.what 3.outstanding 4.inspirationPara.7 1.On 31 October 2009 2.saddened 3.honoured中国航天之父也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬,钱学森的故事一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人,并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力

29、、甘于奉献成就斐然。钱学森1911年生于杭州,在北京上学,后来考入上海交通大学,学习铁道机械工程。不过,1932年淞沪会战爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家,因此决定改学航空专业。1935年,钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代,钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时,钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代,钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室,该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探素中心之一。留学美国的最后几年,钱学森克服困难,于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科

30、学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候,中国还很贫穷,火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业,而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而,钱学森并不气馁,而是接受挑战。有人问他:“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗?他的回答十分坚定:“有什么不能的,外国人能造出来的,我们中国人同样能造得出来。”在钱学森的领导下,中国研制出了“东风”导弹,紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年,中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究,因此钱学森被誉为”中国航天之父“。钱学森博览群书,尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而,他之

31、所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家,可能是因为他对音乐绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。2009年10月31日,钱学森逝世,举国哀痛,人们以各种方式纪念他缅怀他。AWORLD OF PURE THOUGHT 一个纯思维的世界Para.1 Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and1._（有天赋的）scientists in physics. Most people2._ _ _（熟悉）images of him in his wheelchair unable to move and 3._(use)

32、a computer to talk. Since hecame down4._a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of5._（抽象的）thought.Para.2 Hawking firstachieved famewhen he was still healthy enough 6._（work）, as a 7._ _（研究生） in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. 8._ _（总的来说）,there

33、 were two main theorieson9._ _ _ _ _（宇宙的起源）. The first was the steady state theory 10.（ ）, which holds that the universe has no 11._(begin) or end. 12._ other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universebegan at a single pointin time and space. The biggest champion of the steady stateconce

34、ptwas Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyles 13._（讲座）, Hawking stood up andpointed outthat Hoyle 14._(make) a mistakein his maths. Once the maths 15._(correct), it showed that the big bang theoryand not the steady state theorywas true. Hawking

35、s own work 16._ the big bang theory was soon proven by17._（天文学家）with18._（望远镜）. A star was born.Para.3 So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? 1._ beingbrilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in 2._ he said or did. Hewas 3._(will) tosay what otherswere afraid tosay, and todream of4._ other

36、s were afraid todream about. Furthermore5.（ ）,he was quite 6._(determine). This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even 7._(much)in his fight 8._his disease.9._ _（最重要的是）, Hawking was willing to 10._ _ _（承认他的错误）. This odd 11._(combine) of characteristics had made him one of the greates

37、t thinkers of the 20th and 21st 12._（世纪）.参考答案Para.1 1. gifted 2.are familiar with 3.using 4. with 5.abstract Para.2 6.to walk 7.graduate student 8.In general 9.the origin ofthe universe 10.稳恒态理论 11.beginning 12.The 13.lectures 14.hadmade 15.was corrected 16.on 17.astronomers 18.telescopesPara.3 1.Be

38、sides 2.what 3.willing 4.what 5.此外 6.determined 7.more 8.against 9.Above all 10.admit hisfaults bination 12.centuries史蒂芬霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力,他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。霍金最早成名于1964年,当时他身体健康,行动自如,是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说,宇宙起源有两大理论:第一个是稳恒态理论,认为宇宙无始无终;另一个是大爆炸理论,认为宇宙始于时空中

39、的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中,霍金在问答环节站了起来,指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久,天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙,验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。那么,是什么使史蒂芬霍金成为一名天呢?除了才华横溢之外,他还是一个勇敢的人,尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话,做别人不敢做的梦。此外,他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家,还是与病魔作斗争,这种品质对他都大有帮助,最重要的是,霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。Unit1

40、 Reading and Writing (Workbook P64)Al AND HUMAN BEINGS1._（有没有可能让机器像人类一样思考）? This is one question in research2._（在人工智能领域）, or AI”. To think like a human, it involves feelings, morality 3.（ ）, hopes, and dreams, Humans are capable of 4.（ ） making decisions by themselves without input from others, and

41、they can learn from experience. In 5._(add), humans are able to create things from their own 6._(inspire) for their own pleasure. The question is 7._ machines can ever really think in all these aspects.The idea of a computer that is all-powerful and can think and make decisions for itself 8._(terrif

42、y) many people. In some films, Al even decides that all humans must 9._(kill). Many people are also concerned that AI 10._(use) to replace humans.Yet others 11._(comfort) by the thought of Al. Maybe with Al, robots can be made to replace12._(love) ones who have died. Today, the 13._(create) of an al

43、l-powerful computer capable of human thought is still in progress. We have companion robots, and it is 14._(like) that they will grow more important in our lives 15._ _ _ _（随着时间的流逝）. However, the need16._such robots does not seem to be as critical as our head for intelligent machines that can solve

44、problems by learning from their observations and experience.For example, Al is already being used with great success in Internet search engines and as a personal 17._(assist) in our smartphones. It learns from our habits to help us find 18._ we want and like. Al is also used to diagnose problems and suggest 19._(solve). Researchers are also experimenting with the use of Al in 20._(drive) c