新GRE阅读ppt课件.ppt

1、MINGWEI1GRE为北美研究生入学考试，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业。考试分两种：一是General Test，二是Subject Test。一般申请人考的都是general test。2一般能力考试主要是考察考生的基本英语能力以及对英语各方面知识的深度和广度的掌握。它包括三部分：第一部分为分析性写作部分(Analytical Writing)，包括两个任务，分别要求应试者对一个问题发表个人的观点(Issue Task)和分析一个论点(Argument Task)。3写作部分满分为6分，一般能够达到4.5就非常不错了;第二部分为词汇(Verbal)部分。该部分内容很广泛，涉及天文、地理、人

2、文、科学、艺术、政治及历史等领域;第三部分为数学(Quantitative)部分。该部分皆为数理上的基本问题，包括几何、代数、统计图表、智力测验等方面，主要目的在于测验考生基本数学的潜在能力和对数理方面问题的理解判断及推理反应能力。4Greater emphasis on higher cognitive skills and less dependence on vocabularyMore text-based materials, such as reading passagesA broader selection of reading passages5Emphasis on ski

3、lls related to graduate work, such as complex reasoningExpansion of computer-enabled tasks (e.g., clicking on a sentence in a passage to highlight it)Two 40-minute sections rather than one 30-minute section6新的GRE考试总耗时约为3小时45分钟，外加考生中场休息时间，共有6个部分：一个分析写作部分，包含两项计时写作任务。最先考的是写作，其余部分可能按照任何顺序出现。第三个部分之后会有一个1

4、0分钟的休息，其余各个部分之间有1分钟的间隔。7两个语文部分两个数学部分一个不计入总分的部分(语文或者数学，可能在考试过程中任何位置出现)一个标明用于研究的部分可能会替代不计分板块。研究板块总是在考试的最后出现。加入研究板块的题目是为了ETS的研究工作，这部分不计入考生总成绩。(通常所谓的实验题)8部分 题量 时限分析写作两项独立计时 issue*1 Argument* 每项任务30分钟语文两部分 每部分约20题 每部分30分钟数学两部分 每部分约20题 每部分35分钟9新新GREGRE老老GREGRE语文语文无类比，反义无类比，反义有类比、反义有类比、反义数学数学无应用题和主观填空题，无应用

5、题和主观填空题，有应用题和主观填空题，有应用题和主观填空题，并减少几何题并减少几何题填空填空单空双选填空题等单空双选填空题等阅读阅读长阅读，短阅读长阅读，短阅读无长阅读，但无长阅读，但 1.1.增加了阅增加了阅读文章的篇数，并且选题读文章的篇数，并且选题范围将更广泛范围将更广泛 2.2.增加不定增加不定向选择向选择写作写作一道一道issueissue3030分钟分钟两道两道issueissue，二选一，二选一4545分钟分钟10老GRE普通考试中，语文和数学部分的分数区间为200800分，10分为最小单位。在新GRE普通考试中，语文和数学部分的分数区间将调整为 130-170 分，1分为最小单

6、位。新的分数区间既能够显示出细小的分数差别，同时又能够突出较大的分数差别，高校可以更容易将考生的分数与其他考生的分数进行比较。分析性写作部分的分数区间保持不变。11数学题变难，乍一看可能是变得更难，但对于大部分中国学生而言，尤其是理工科考生是更有利的，中国学生的数学能力绝对是远远高于老外的，所以这个部分越难，越能拉开与老外们的差距，也仍旧是我们的得分重点121.每个部分内部增设Preview和Review修改功能(不可跨越section修改答案)2.新的Mark与Review功能方便考生快速回到先前跳过的题目1.允许考生修改编辑已经做出的答案3.学生收到成绩时将收到文章的评语，学校收到成绩是将

7、收到文章的原文131.阅读新增了复杂的逻辑推理题，是中国考生的软肋。2.取消了靠背单词就比较容易得分的类比反义题。Issue的写作时间由45分钟减少到30分钟，对于中国学生来说绝对是个不小的挑战，所以更需要勤于练笔，保证写作效率和写作质量。14计划 制定57个月计划表一般来说，新GRE虽然增加了认知和理解能力的考察，但也减少了记忆大量生僻单词的时间，因此和现在的GRE备考相比，不需要花更多的时间，三个月到半年左右就可以。制定一份5-7个月科学有效的复习计划非常重要，词汇是基础，也是贯穿GRE考试的主线，因此前两个月可以集中攻克单词，最后一个月准备写作，剩下的时间集中做大量真题或练习题。151.

8、 1. 文中没说的不要选文中没说的不要选圆形和三角形的问题16见到虚拟语气就要想到“取非比如作者如果写到：“如果我能够把韦氏字典都背完，那我GRE阅读肯定没有问题了。”这句话其实想要表达的问题就是“我的GRE阅读有问题”。17(1) 若在文章中看到虚拟语气，考虑直接取非反义理解，迅速把握作者态度。例一：Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation, almost as human navigators use star

9、s and planets, but this would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense. 18migrants cannot determine their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation.”可以知道作者对这种解释持负评价19例二：According to natural selection theory, a worker would enhance her fitnessor ability to propagate her genesby hatching

10、 her own eggs in addition to or in place of the queens.20agate 玛瑙congregate 汇总instigate 煽动propagate 繁殖（尤指植物）fumigate 消毒profligate 挥霍无度colligate 束缚mitigate 缓和口诀：一个大门是玛瑙，GRE 大门在汇总，街道里面在煽动，向前翻页才繁殖，门前有烟是消毒，向前飞离挥如土，共同束缚见缓和。21(2) GRE阅读题中常见的一种，叫做“改进型取非题”。如果题干问“如果一个对象怎样会更好”则是改进型取非题22例：It can be inferred fro

11、m the passage that the “first theories” of grazer control mentioned in line 3 would have been more convincing if researchers had been able to问的是第三行第一个理论怎样会更好23逻辑思路：既然是改进，原文肯定说到了它的不好之处或者有unless的句子，我们把造成不好的原因取非24“A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but di

12、d not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.”25(A) observe high phytoplankton numbers under natural lake conditions(B) discover negative correlations between algae and zooplankton numbers from their field research(C) understand the central importance of environmental factors in contr

13、olling the growth rates of phytoplankton(D) make verifiable correlations of cause and effect between zooplankton and phytoplankton numbers(E) invent laboratory techniques that would have allowed them to bypass their field research concerning grazer control26原文中有强对比的双方，题干只问及其中一方，答案是对另一方叙述的取非；或者题干和原文存

14、在强对比要素，如典型的时间要素，答案也是对原文的叙述取非。27The author suggests that, before the early 1950s, most historians who studied preindustrial工业化前的 Europe did which of the following?28原文只讲到了”in the early 1950s”并没有”before”，这显然就是时间上一个取非的关系，我们把in the early 1950s干的事情取个非，就是之前干的事情。29我1995年第一次去北京。” 1995年以前我就没有去过北京。这就是时间状语的取非。

15、其它的强对比关系（如处于相对低于空间的事物通常其特点呈强对比；新事物、新观点和旧事物、传统观点呈强对比；用最高级、唯一性限定的事物和其余所有同类事物的特征呈强对比等）30下列哪项可以支持原文观点？同学们的第一反应就是找原文的结论，再看哪个选项支持结论因为支持条件、结论和推理过程都是对原文观点的支持31条件： “浮游植物分泌排斥剂，把动物赶跑了” 结论：“出现了高密度浮游植物的地区，浮游动物就少”题问：如何削弱（weaken）此结论32方法一：方法一：推翻结论，“在某些地区，出现了高密度浮游植物，但浮游动物并没有减少”。方法二：方法二：推翻条件，“试验中，将植物体内的排斥物质放在正在培养着浮游动

16、物的容器中，并不能使浮游动物的数量减少”33“下述哪一选项所述现象和原文第N行的说法比较相像？”或者说“下列哪个选项为原文的观点提供了一个很好的例子？”34要首先对原文的内容进行归纳和抽象，抽象的时候要注意，有态度的要把态度留下，把具体的名词都丢掉，最后形成的框架就是“对象+正评价/负评价/无评价+某事”。35“It is one of natures great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the

17、 plants leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.”A: NitrogenB: Plant36(C) That of shipwrecked sailors at sea in a lifeboat, with one flask of drinking water to share among them37而一切过分极端的言辞，如绝对的说法，大多数，比较级尤其是强烈比较级，在文章里的出现要注意。三大关系:强对比，因果以及转折38(1)同义变换 “many wind-pollinated species fail to release pol

18、len when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail.”39Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind”40变换同义词，变换句型，变化同根词的词性411)变换同义词：将文章的一个词用另一个词代替422)变化句型：将文章中的一个句型变换成另一个句型And have revealed the And have revealed the authorities administered authorities administered j

19、ustice. justice. Indicated the manner in Indicated the manner in which those in power which those in power apportioned apportioned 分配分配justice.justice.and paved the way for and paved the way for explorations of race, explorations of race, class, an gender in the class, an gender in the novels of the

20、 1970s novels of the 1970s An important influence on An important influence on novels written in the novels written in the 1970s1970s433)变换同根词的词性，即文章中使用词的某一种词性，如形容词，而选项则将其变成词的另一个词性In trying to demonstrate In trying to demonstrate the magnitude of this the magnitude of this attitudinal change , attit

21、udinal change , however, however, Glatthaar seems Glatthaar seems to exaggerated the prewar to exaggerated the prewar racism of the White men racism of the White men who becamewho becameThe combat performance of The combat performance of Black units changed the Black units changed the attitudes of W

22、hite attitudes of White soldiers toward Black soldiers toward Black soldiers.soldiers.44原文：“很多历史学家将研究仅仅建立在现存记录：出生，结婚和死亡记录。结果很多对了非精英分子的早期研究都是一些干巴巴的数字。”。题目：如果历史学家做了下面哪个事情，他们的工作将变得更有启发性?”45“不能仅仅将眼光局限于现存记录”。答案：“扩大研究对象或者研究样本”46(1)混偏反无471)混: 此类选项的错误可以形象地概括为：“张冠李戴”“.unlike large businesses, they often need

23、 to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses”48题目：The passage suggests that the failure of a larg

24、e business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (本题问大公司如果没有使投标转化为订单将引起什么结果。而这恰恰是小公司的特点。)492)偏： 意即选项中所包含的逻辑范畴与原文不符。包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏”。Paule Marshalls Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of f

25、emale characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century.50Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel

26、 on an ordinary Black womans search for identity within the context of a Black community.51But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroines development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian（拉丁美洲巴巴多斯人） American parents, a

27、nd by exploring how male and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was influenced by the materialism of White America.52By placing characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and paved the way for explorations of race, cla

28、ss, and gender in the novels of the 1970s.53题目：The passage is primarily concerned with(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors(B) describing common themes in Black American literature(C) discussing an important work in Black American literature(D) providing insights about Black Americ

29、an literature in the early twentieth century(E) providing historical information about the writing of Black American novels in the second half the twentieth century543)反： 即选项中的内容与文章内容相反55文章：“.Paule Marshalls Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black

30、 American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woma

31、ns search for identity within the context of a black community.”56题目：According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century57It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown

32、Girl, Brownstones as being(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it584)无：即 提到文章中未涉及的内容。由于此种选项编制容易，并且ETS一厢情愿地认为此种迷惑手段非常高明。因此，此类错误选项在GRE阅读的错误选项中数量众多。请各位考生紧记：凡基于文章内容无法推测出的选项必然错误。59According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, a

33、nd Marshall are alike in that they(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters lives60It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being (D) important in the late 1950s but dated today61(3) 含有强调性语言(最高级、唯一性和比较级)的选项ETS会随意地在选项中加入一些极

34、端语言来编制错误选项。集中表现为含有最高级，唯一性以及比较级的词汇。含有这三类词汇的选项错误的几率很高621)最高级词汇：best , the most important, the least useful, uttermost, foremost, uppermost, always ,never, often, usually，primarily，primary，exact(ly)，complete(ly) . entire(ly) absolute(ly) extremely, unmitigated . unrestrained . unchecked. first等632)唯一性词

35、汇：only, alone, exclusively, sole(ly), unique(ly)3)比较级词汇：more useful than, less beneficial than, better , worse than ，as .as, the same with, similar to 等等。64According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encoun

36、tered in White culture(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women65It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being(A) completely different from novels written before 195966(4) 违反“论据集中”原则：此类选项使用非定位处的信息回答问题。此类选项极具迷惑性，因为这些

37、错误的选项在文章中确实被提及过，可是由于与问题回答无关因此不予选择。67“No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that dif

38、ferences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the(E) mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents.68Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as tho

39、ugh they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by(B) temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents.69Such a (D)back-c

40、oupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.70On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by freq

41、uent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the (C)Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. ”71Questions 6 through 8 are based on the following reading passage. 1.Music critics have consistently defined J

42、ames P. Johnson as a great early jazz pianist, originator of the 1920s Harlem stride style, and an important blues and jazz composer. 721.In addition, however, Johnson was an innovator in classical music, composing symphonic music that incorporated American, and especially African-American, traditio

43、ns. 732.Such a blend of musical elements was not entirely new: by 1924both Milhaud and Gershwin had composed classical works that incorporated elements of jazz. Johnson, a serious musician more experienced than most classical composers with jazz, blues, spirituals, and popular music, was particularl

44、y suited to expand Milhauds and Gershwins experiments. 742.In 1927 he completed his first large-scale work, the blues- and jazz-inspired Yamekraw, which included borrowings from 756. The passage states that Johnson composed all of the following EXCEPT A. jazz works B. popular songs C. symphonic music D. spirituals E. blues pieces 76