托福听力全解PPT课件.ppt

1、1.2022-5-202.2022-5-20ETS: Educational Testing ServiceTOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign LanguagePBT: Paper-Based TestCBT/CAT: Computer-Based Test/Computer-Adaptive Test: Internet-Based Test3.2022-5-201篇对话篇对话（Conversation）校园生活话题；校园生活话题；2-3分钟分钟/篇；篇；5道题目道题目/篇篇2篇讲座篇讲座（Lecture）课堂授课话题；课堂授课话题；4-6分钟分钟/篇；篇

2、；6道题目道题目/篇篇4.2022-5-205.2022-5-206.2022-5-203030分钟分钟/个模块：个模块：20分钟音频；10分钟做做1717道题道题2个模块：个模块：1个小时个小时3个模块：个模块：1.5个小时个小时7.2022-5-208.2022-5-201. 长度大3-5min2. 学术性强3. 先听音，后看题4. 做题时间有限5. 考生可做笔记6. 题目不可回翻9.2022-5-201. 报名准备2. 电脑要求3. 付费须知4. 个人资料5. 考生须知6. 报名程序10.2022-5-20Conversation11.2022-5-201. 主旨题 Gist2. 细节题

3、 Detail3. 功能题 Function4. 态度题 Attitude5. 观点组织题 Organization6. 推理推断题 Inference12.2022-5-20Lecture13.2022-5-201. Basic Comprehension 基本理解力基本理解力1). Gist2). Detail14.2022-5-202. Pragmatic Understanding 实际理解力实际理解力1). Function2). Attitude15.2022-5-203. Connecting Information 连接信息力连接信息力1). Organization2). I

4、nference16.2022-5-201. 语速语速托福：180-220词/分钟软件：Cool Edit17.2022-5-202. 单个单词熟形不熟音单个单词熟形不熟音strategy strategicocean oceanicdeclare declaration18.2022-5-203. 语音现象语音现象连读：辅音元音连读：辅音元音 get up check outrun out of all about it in-side out put it off 19.2022-5-20失爆：失爆：/ b / / p / / d / / t / / g / / k / + 与其不相与其不

5、相同的辅音，发后一个辅音，前一个做发音准同的辅音，发后一个辅音，前一个做发音准备备blackboard breakfast stop by sit down lap top mid-term 20.2022-5-20弱读：元音音素的弱化，指一个单词中的元音音素弱读：元音音素的弱化，指一个单词中的元音音素在口语中由于说话时语速快或在句子中处于次要位在口语中由于说话时语速快或在句子中处于次要位置而不被强调等原因，不能发完全而标准的读音，置而不被强调等原因，不能发完全而标准的读音，却变为强度较弱的其他元音的现象。却变为强度较弱的其他元音的现象。historyhistrihistri familyfm

6、ilifli Iusedtoaijusttuaijustu 21.2022-5-20英美音差异英美音差异farther start floor sport court perfectwestern pattern 22.2022-5-201. 四六级词汇70%2. 口语小词10%3. 专业词汇20%：记声音记意思不记拼写23.2022-5-20艾宾浩斯记忆时间安排5分钟 30分钟12小时 1天2天 4天7天 15天24.2022-5-201L12L134L15678L19101112131415L1161718192021222324252627282930L131123425.2022-5-

7、201. 积极向上、善良正义解决功能题2. 要事第一原则 first thing first解决主旨题3. 间接回答解决推理推断题26.2022-5-20 27.2022-5-20听写的必要性听写的必要性28.2022-5-20听写方法听写方法：1.听全文：懂大意。2.听句子：注意第一遍没听清的句子。3.听字词：注意前两遍没听清的字词。4.听一句写一句，放音不可写, 最多听5遍。5.打开文字答案核对纠错。6.总结造成听力障碍的语音点。29.2022-5-20练习：Geography30.2022-5-201. 原则原则自己能看懂越少完整单词拼写中英文相结合线条、图画、符号并用简练，切莫因记勿听

8、写而有用31.2022-5-202. 要点要点开头部分：对话或讲座的主题、目的总论点下的分类、分支及特点解释程序步骤，注意先后顺序重要时间、地点人物身份、观点32.2022-5-20最高级、比较级说明多个原因、结果表达态度、倾向性33.2022-5-203. 区别区别长对话：记问题，解决办法，具体建议。长段落：记概念，主要分支及其特点，重要时间、地点、数字，说话人态度，观点认可度。34.2022-5-204. 信号词信号词时间：previously, formerly, initially, first, now, presently, then, later, subsequently, n

9、ext, finally, last, ultimately, before, after, meanwhile, when, immediately35.2022-5-20举例：for example, for instance, such as, in this/another case, in this situation, on this occasion, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration 36.2022-5-20列举：first(ly), second, third, last/

10、finallyone, another37.2022-5-20补充：and, as well asalso, too, in additionfurther, furthermore38.2022-5-20比较：like, likewise, as, both, similarly, at the same time, in comparison39.2022-5-20转折：on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrarydespite, regardless, notwithstanding, though, although, even tho

11、ugh, in spite ofbut, however, yet, nevertheless, instead, rather, whereas40.2022-5-20强调：definitely, extremely, especially, obviously, absolutely, positively, surprisingly, in fact, emphatically, indeed, in any case unquestionably, without a doubtbest, only41.2022-5-20因果：because, sincefor this reason

12、, hence, resulting, as a result, so, then, thus, therefore, consequently42.2022-5-20定义：define, is defined as, known as, that is, the term means, we mean, we can state, we refer to43.2022-5-20总结：in short, in brief, in the end, in summary, in conclusion, to conclude, to reiterate, to sum up, finally,

13、therefore, as already stated44.2022-5-205. 符号符号数学符号数学符号+ 比较级：more+ 最高级：best, most 45.2022-5-20多于：bigger, larger, greater, more than 高：superior to, surpass少于：less, smaller 低：inferior to46.2022-5-20= 同等: means, that is to say, in other words, the same as, be equal to 不同: be different from 好：right/good

14、, famous/well-knownX 坏：wrong/incorrect, something bad, notorious, negative 47.2022-5-20 大约：about/around，or so， approximately 属于：belong to, be part of, fall into, pertain to, remain with, reside 原因 due to, because, because of 结果 consequently, therefore, thus48.2022-5-20标点及其它标点及其它: 说话，观点: say, speak,

15、think, believe ? 问题: question, issue, problem( ) 在.之间: among, within* 重要的: important, exemplary, best, outstanding, brilliant49.2022-5-20 转折: but, however, yet, in fact, actually, while, nevertheless& 和，与: and, together with, along with, accompany, along with50.2022-5-20 上升、增加: ascend, climb, go up,

16、 mount up, move up, raise, rise, soar 下降、减少: descend, drop, fall, go or come down, decline 之前 before, ago 之后 after, later51.2022-5-20 结论，导致: bring on, conduce, induce, lead, make for, result in 52.2022-5-206. 建议句型建议句型So; See; Say; You know what; Guess what; Tell you whatMight; Just; (Maybe) you shou

17、ld Why dont you53.2022-5-20Youd better do; You are better off doing sth.Have you tried; What aboutI wish they could If I were you, I would 54.2022-5-2055.2022-5-20场景特点场景特点：作业最后期限到了怎么办，能不能延期。56.2022-5-20做作业，尤其是做论文和写实验报告时，需要有research, 也需要information, 也需要data, 还要interpret data, 还要check them out in the

18、reference book。还经常会谈到分配作业split it up in halves, 也会谈到润色问题Im polishing the thesis, I was putting the finishing touches on my paper.57.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Paper/essay 论文Term paper 学期论文Thesis （硕士）论文Dissertation 博士论文Dissertation proposal 博士论文的开题报告58.2022-5-20Project 课题Term project 学期课题Book report 读书报告Lab

19、report 试验报告Presentation 发言59.2022-5-20Assignment/studies/class work/school work 作业Due day 到期日Deadline 最后期限Extension 延期60.2022-5-20场景句型场景句型：The paper is due this coming Friday.The deadline has been extended for a week.There is a one-week extension.The professor gave us an one week extension.61.2022-5

20、-20I dont know whether I can get an extension.I dont know whether I can make the deadline.62.2022-5-20所谓的发言，就是学生就教授布置的作业话题，准备材料，做一个十分钟左右的发言。63.2022-5-20场景总结：场景总结：发言只是教授作业中的一种，作业一般还包括论文、读书报告、实验报告、野外实习等。64.2022-5-20场景特点场景特点：图书馆使用方式，到图书馆借书、还书，图书逾期未还、欠费；书店购买教科书、有书没书、书价贵、平装/精装、书新/旧到65.2022-5-20图书馆场景词汇：图书

21、馆场景词汇：Check out the book 借书Return the book 还书Librarian 图书管理员Head librarian 图书馆长Library card 借书卡66.2022-5-20Stacks 书库Index 索引Circulation desk 出纳台In circulation 已经借出 Reference desk 参考书借阅台67.2022-5-20Rare book collection 典藏书Book reservation 订书Overdue 过期 Fine moratorium 罚金暂缓Renewal 续借Inter-library loan

22、馆际借阅68.2022-5-20Study lounge 自习室Periodical reading room 期刊阅览室Magazine binder 杂志合订本Current issue 现期杂志Back issue 过期杂志Copier/photocopier 复印机69.2022-5-20教科书、书店场景词汇教科书、书店场景词汇：Textbook 教科书Pick up the book 买书In stock 有货Out of stock 没货70.2022-5-20Paper back 平装Hard back 精装Far from new/ outdated绝对不新，过时Order t

23、he book 订购这本书Out of print 绝版Second hand book 二手书71.2022-5-2072.2022-5-20场景特点场景特点：如何备考、备考资料丢失如何解决、备考中的问题、缺考、更改考试时间。73.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Comprehensive exam 综合测试 Mid-term exam 期中考试Final exam 期末考试Placement test 入学分班测试Make up the exam 补考74.2022-5-20Quiz 小测验Pop quiz 随堂小测验 Go over/through these questions

24、复习这些问题Stay up/be up all night studying for the exam 熬夜准备考试75.2022-5-20Exam week/period 考试周Pass the exam 考试及格Fail in the exam 考试不及格76.2022-5-2077.2022-5-20场景特点：场景特点：成绩出问题、成绩过低如何补救、申请提前获知成绩单。78.2022-5-20场景词汇场景词汇：Transcript /Official grade report 成绩单Grade/mark/score 成绩Full marks 满分High mark/score 高分Per

25、fect grade 高分79.2022-5-20Low grade 低分Passing grade 及格分数Falling grade 不及格分数Straight As 全AB plus B加B minus B减80.2022-5-20场景特点：场景特点：室友问题、宿舍布置问题、宿舍设施质量问题、宿舍维修问题。81.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Roommate 室友Messy/chaotic 脏乱的Vacuum cleaner 吸尘器Rug cleaner 地毯清洁剂Mop 拖地82.2022-5-20Dust bin/ash bin 垃圾箱Spacious/roomy 宽敞的Cr

26、amped 拥挤的Tiny place 地方小Storage space 储物间Sofa 沙发83.2022-5-20Cabinet 橱柜Closet 壁橱Cupboard 碗橱Bookcase/bookshelf 书架Framed posters 带框的装饰画Paint the room 刷油漆84.2022-5-20场景特点：场景特点：找工作：自己找；报纸；熟人申请实习机会找工作涉及成绩下降。85.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Apply for the job 申请工作Turn down the job 拒绝工作Hold down a job 保住工作Hire 雇佣Lay off

27、/le somebody go 解雇86.2022-5-20Job hunting 找工作Job search technique 找工作的方法A letter of reference 推荐信Morning shift 早班Night shift 晚班87.2022-5-20Position 职位Opening/vacancy 空缺（的职位） Internship 实习机会Intern 实习生Workload 工作负担Work schedule 工作时间表88.2022-5-2089.2022-5-20场景特点：场景特点：绘画、雕刻、电影、文学、音乐、舞蹈、手工艺品、传播与媒体。90.202

28、2-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Fine arts 美术Oil painting 油画Water color 水彩画Mural painting/fresco 壁画Engraving 版画91.2022-5-20Lithograph 石板画Landscape painting 风景画Portrait 肖像画Sketch 速写/素描Perspective 透视画法Drawing board 画板92.2022-5-20Panorama 全景画Sculpture 雕塑Statue 塑像Sculptor 雕塑家Figurine 小雕像Bust 半身雕塑像93.2022-5-20Pose 散文Auto

29、biography 传记Poetry 诗歌Ballad 民谣Fiction 小说Allegory 寓言94.2022-5-20Fairy tale 童话Proverb 谚语Main plot 主要情节Leading character 主人公Literary criticism 文学批评Literary studies 文学研究95.2022-5-20Schools of literature 文学流派Realism 现实主义Surrealism 超现实主义Futurism 未来主义Modernism 现代主义Aestheticism 唯美主义96.2022-5-20Musical instr

30、ument 乐器Orchestra（管弦）乐队Note 音符Score 乐谱Movement 乐章Hillbilly music 乡村音乐97.2022-5-20Folk music 民间音乐Classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐Symphony 交响乐Rock and roll 摇滚乐Band music / wind music 管乐98.2022-5-20场景特点场景特点：古建筑、近代建筑、现代建筑99.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Architecture 建筑学Architect 建筑学家Wing 辐楼/侧楼Skyscraper 摩天大楼Cabin 小木屋1

31、00.2022-5-20Beam梁Planetarium 天文馆Aquarium 水族馆Archives 档案馆Office building 写字楼Cathedral 大教堂101.2022-5-20Mosque 清真寺The statue of liberty 自由女神像The triumphal arch 凯旋门Sphinx 狮身人面像、Pyramid 金字塔Castle 城堡102.2022-5-20Anthropology 人类学Anthropologist 人类学家Originate 起源于Hominid 人（科）；原始人类Homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的Clan 氏族1

32、03.2022-5-20Archaeology 考古学Archaeologist 考古学家Excavate (unearth) v.挖掘Ruins 遗迹，废墟Remains 遗迹，遗骸Relic 遗物，文物104.2022-5-20antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨crania n.头盖骨cranial a.颅骨的105.2022-5-20Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的106.2022-5-20场

33、景特点：场景特点：经济学发展史：总体发展、欧洲商业组织、工业革命期间的经济史、近代欧洲经济事件经济学理论：原理、经济与市场管理学理论：商业管理107.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Consumer 消费者 Brand 商标 Guild 行会 Chamber of commerce 商会 Enclosure movement 圈地运动 108.2022-5-20Labor force 劳动力 Financial institution 金融机构 Industrial Revolution 工业革命Boom 繁荣 Bust 萧条 Opportunity cost 机会成本 109.2022

34、-5-20Productivity 生产力 Price elasticity 价格弹性 Monopoly 垄断 Oligopoly 寡头 Market research 市场调查110.2022-5-20场景特点：场景特点： 美洲、欧洲、亚太及非洲历史。 111.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇： Settlement 殖民地 Alliance 结盟 Federation 联邦American Revolution 美国独立战争 Constitution 宪法 112.2022-5-20Barbarism 原始 Indigenous 土著的 Descendant 子孙后代 Ethnic 民

35、族的 Monarch 帝王 Dynasty 朝代113.2022-5-20114.2022-5-20场景特点：场景特点：微观生物学、古生物学、生物分类、生命的起源、进化和灭绝、生态学、生物入侵、生物地理学、生物的适应性、生物技术。115.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Antibody 抗体 Toxin 毒素 Immunity 免疫 Immunology 免疫学 Vaccine 疫苗 116.2022-5-20Fungus 真菌 Virus 病毒 Bacteria 细菌Fermentation 发酵 Inflection 传染，感染 Microorganism / microbe 微生物

36、 117.2022-5-20Disinfection 消毒Sterilization 灭菌Animal adaptation 动物适应性Survival of the fittest 适者生存Origin of species 物种起源Gene 基因118.2022-5-20Respiration 呼吸 Ingestion 摄食Digestive enzyme 消化酶Nucleus 细胞核 Cytoplasm 细胞质Plasma lemma / cell membrane 细胞膜119.2022-5-20Cell wall 细胞壁Protein 蛋白质 Amino acid 核酸Heredit

37、y 遗传Mutation of species 物种变异Chromosome 染色体120.2022-5-20场景特点：场景特点：植物学分类、发展、应用、具体物种。121.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Botany 植物学 Botanist 植物学家 Botanical (botanic) 植物的 Aquatic plant 水生植物 Parasite plant 寄生植物122.2022-5-20Root 根 Canopy 树冠层，顶棚 Foliage (leaf) 叶 Leaflet 小叶 Leafstalk 叶柄 Stem 茎 123.2022-5-20Stalk 杆 Shoot

38、 (sprout) 嫩芽，抽枝Trunk 树干 Branch 树枝 Bough 大或者粗的树枝 Twig 小树枝 124.2022-5-20Bark 树皮 Flower 花 Bud 花蕾 Petal 花瓣Photosynthesis 光合作用 Pollen n.花粉 v. 授粉 125.2022-5-20Pollinate v.授粉Pollination n.授粉126.2022-5-20场景特点：场景特点：动物领域、种类、栖息地、活动、特点、交流、情感。127.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Zoology 动物学Zoologist 动物学家Darvinism 达尔文学说Natural

39、 selection 自然选择Kingdom界 128.2022-5-20Phylum门 Class 纲Order 目Family 科 Genus 属 Species 种129.2022-5-20Vertebrate 脊椎动物Invertebrate 无脊椎动物Homotherm 恒温动物Poikilotherm 变温动物Mammal 哺乳动物Reptile 爬行动物130.2022-5-20Primate 灵长动物Amphibian (amphibious animal) 两栖动物Rodent 啮齿动物Plankton 浮游生物Mollusk 软体动物Coelenterate 腔肠动物（如珊

40、瑚）131.2022-5-20Aquatic (life) 水生动物Scavenger 食腐动物132.2022-5-20场景特点：场景特点：气候形成、气候现象及危害。133.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Climatology 气候学Atmosphere 大气层 Troposphere 对流层 Current 气流Evaporate 蒸发134.2022-5-20Damp/wet/moist/humid 潮湿的Humidity 潮湿Moisture 水份 Dew 露Frost 霜Fog/mist 雾 135.2022-5-20Droplet 小水滴Downpour/torrentia

41、l rain 倾盆大雨Drizzle 细雨Shower 阵雨Tsunami / seismic sea wave海啸 136.2022-5-20场景特点：场景特点：地球形成于结构，火山，矿物、岩石与土壤，沙漠，水。137.2022-5-20场景词汇：场景词汇：Crust 地壳Mantle 地幔Core 地核Fault 断层Igneous rock 火成岩138.2022-5-20Sedimentary rock 沉积岩Metamorphic rock 变质岩Limestone 石灰岩Granite 花岗岩Marble 大理石Lithosphere 岩石圈139.2022-5-20Magma /

42、 molten lava 岩浆Mineral 矿物Ore 矿石Deposit矿床Rubble 碎石140.2022-5-20Ore 矿石Deposit 矿床Rubble 碎石141.2022-5-20长演讲142.2022-5-20Lecture topics reviewLecture必备词汇分类Lecture行文结构和出题点介绍Lecture教学方法简介Lecture教学内容分类143.2022-5-201.Architecture2.Industrial design3.City planning4.Crafts: weaving, knitting, fabrics, furnitur

43、e, carving, mosaics, ceramics, folk and tribal art5.Cave/rock art6.Music and music history7.Photography8.Literature and authors9.Books, newspapers, magazines, journals144.2022-5-201.Extinction of or conservation efforts for animals and plants2.Fish and other aquatic organisms3.Bacteria and other one

44、-celled organisms4.Viruses5.Medical techniques6.Public health7.Physiology of sensory organs8.Biochemistry9.Animal behavior: migration, food foraging, defensive behavior, etc.10.Habitats and the adaptation of animals and plants to them11.Nutrition and its impact on the body12.Animal communication145.

45、2022-5-201.Weather and atmosphere2.Oceanography3.Glaciers, glacial landforms, ice ages4.Desert and other extreme environments5.Pollution, alternative energy, environmental policy6.Other planets atmosphere7.Astronomy and cosmology8.Properties of light, optics9.Properties of sound10.Electromagnetic ra

46、diation11.Particle physics12.Technology of TV, radio, radar13.Math14.Chemistry of inorganic things15.Computer science16.Seismology (plate structure, earthquakes, tectonics, continental drift, structure of volcanoes)146.2022-5-201.Anthropology of non-industrialized civilizations2.Early writing system

47、s3.Historical linguistics4.Business, management, marketing, accounting5.TV/radio as mass communication6.Social behavior of groups, community dynamics, communal behavior7.Child development8.Education9.Modern history (including the history of urbanization and industrialization and their economic and s

48、ocial effects)147.2022-5-20必知词汇：跨专业学科通用词（包括常用动词、形容词、介词等） E.g.: relate, illustrate, positive, among认知词汇：本专业学科常识词（包括话题范围内所有学科的基本名词和属性词） E.g.: marketing, finance, economics, predictable选记词汇：各学科特定专有名词（非常识的术语、人名、地名，等） E.g.: ideomotor, Colossus of Rhodes, Emma Lazarus148.2022-5-20教授一个人真情大放送（内容往往是结构性非常强的主旨

49、-分观点-说明-举例-论证）一个教授对一个学生讲解（学生提出问题-教授解释问题并找出学生问题根源-学生回答-教授小结并提出建议）教授与多个学生互动课堂（教授提问-学生回答-教授讲解举例-总结）教授引导学生讨论（教授不断提问引导话题-学生讨论探索答案并相互纠正-教授总结）149.2022-5-20Small talk (Functional)Introduction (Gist)New concept (Detail)Explanation (Pragmatic)Student interference (Detail)Quotation (Function)Giving examples (C

50、onnect content)Giving assignment (Details)150.2022-5-20概念描述（Definition Explanation Examples)概念类比（Compare）概念对比（Contrast）设问自答（Rhetoric question)逻辑推理（Logical Reasoning)问题和解答（Problems and solutions)发展叙述（Chronological narrate)151.2022-5-20Event - 事件 (Discovery, Historic character, Object - 物体(Chemical or