外贸函电装船发货.shipmentPPT课件.ppt

1、.1Chapter Thirteen新编外贸英语教程新编外贸英语教程Shipment.29.1 Ocean Transportation Ocean transportation is the highly preferred mode of transportation in international trade. Even though it is slow, vulnerable to bad weather and less punctual if compared with rail or air transportation, it is commonly welcomed fo

2、r its large capacity and comparatively low freight cost. Since China began its reform, we have had many busy ports with great handling capacity. Almost 80% of our import and export goods are handled through ports.3 .4nChina Ocean Shipping (Group) Company (COSCO) - 中国远洋运输（集团） .5 Terminologies1、运输合同当事

3、人、运输合同当事人（1）freight 货物；运费；运输（货物）货物；运费；运输（货物） (A) 指货物，简写作Frt.。 (B) 指运费，又称，“freightage”， 预付Prepaid；到付Collect ； 运费freight Charge；杂费Local Charge (C) 指运送方式，常与表示海、空的字合成一词（2）Shipper 发货人发货人（3） 收货人收货人 consignee（4） Consigner 是承运人是承运人 freight forwarding company 货运承揽公司货运承揽公司.6 Terminologies2 货运单据（货运单据（shipping

4、documents）nShipping instruction 装船须知装船须知nshipping advice 装运通知；装船通知装运通知；装船通知 Shipping advice 是“装运通知”，是由出口商（卖主）发给进口商（买主）的。而shipping instructions 则是“装运须知”，是进口商（买主）发给出口商（卖主）的。nshipping date 装运日期；装船日期装运日期；装船日期nport of shipment 装货港装货港 .7 Terminologies3、航运方式、航运方式（1）班轮运输）班轮运输 liner transport 船期表船期表 sailing

5、schedule 班轮运价表班轮运价表 liners freight tariff（2）租船）租船Charter 定程租船定程租船voyage（trip）charter 单程航次单程航次single voyage charter 回程航次回程航次round voyage charter 定期租船定期租船 time charter（3）国际多式联运）国际多式联运 international multimodal transport .89.2 Shipping Documents Shipping documents function as the contracts of carriage b

6、etween the shipper and the carrier. The major shipping documents are as follows:nPacking List nBooking Note nShipping Order nMates ReceiptnBill of Lading .99.2.5 Bill of Lading A bill of lading is a document signed by an ocean carrier who contracts to carry the goods and issued to the shipper with w

7、hom the carrier has entered into the contract for the carriage of the goods. Among all of the shipping documents involved in ocean transportation, the bill of lading is usually considered to be the most important one. .10nA bill of lading is a shipping document that serves as a receipt from the ship

8、ping company for shippers goods. It is not the actual contract, but forms excellent evidence of the terms of the contract. It is document of title to the goods, enabling the shipper or owner of the goods to present to banks with other documents in seeking payment under documentary credits. .119.2.5

9、Bill of Lading n Functions of bills of lading A bill of lading serves the following three main functions: a cargo receipt, the evidence of a contract of carriage a document of title to the goods.129.2.5 Bill of Lading A cargo receipt A bill of lading is a document that serves as a receipt signed by

10、the carrier confirming that a consignment of goods has been received from the shipper (consignor) for shipment or has already been loaded on board the ship. An evidence of contract of carriage A bill of lading is an evidence of a valid contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper. A titl

11、e document of goods A bill of lading is a document of title to the goods shipped, enabling the legal holder of the bill of lading to take possession of the goods described in it. .139.2.5 Bill of Lading nTypes of bills of lading Bills of lading can be classified into various types according to diffe

12、rent standards:shipped B/L & received B/Lclean B/L & unclean B/Lstraight B/L, order B/L & bearer B/Ldirect B/L & transshipment B/Llong form B/L & short form B/Lfreight prepaid B/L & freight to be collected B/Loriginal B/L & copy B/Lstale B/Ladvanced B/L& anti-dated B/L on-deck B/L.149.2.5 Bill of La

13、ding shipped B/L & received B/L A shipped B/L is issued by the shipping company after the cargo has been actually shipped or loaded on board the named vessel. Both the loading date and the name of the carrying vessel shall be indicated in detail on the B/L . A received B/L is issued when the goods h

14、ave been handed over to the shipping company. It does not suggest that the goods have been shipped or landed on board the carrying vessel; it merely confirms that the goods have been received by the carrier for shipment. 已装船提单在国际贸易中被广泛使用; 而买方和银行一般不接受备运提单。 .15n1在合同和信用证中详细清楚地规定议付单据中的提单必须是全套清洁的已装船提单。 n

15、2收到议付单据后，仔细认真地审核相关单证，确认所有单据符合单单相符，单证相符的要求。 n3 仔细审核提单中的每一个细节，确保所收到的提单是全套清洁的已装船提单。 n相关知识 n备运提单：是承运人在收到托运货物等待装船期间向托运人签发的提单。这种提单往往不注明船名，也不明确装运日期。也有的备运提单注明船名、航次及装运日期，但没有“已装船”字样。后一种情况在实际业务过程当中，具有相当的迷惑性，上述案例即属这种情况。在国际业务贸易中，买方和银行一般不接受备运提单，但备运提单如经承运人加注“已装船”字样，注明装货船名、装船日期并签字证明后也可变成已装船提单。 .169.2.5 Bill of Ladi

16、ng clean B/L & unclean B/L A clean B/L is issued if the goods do not show any damage, irregularities or other defects on their exteriors when received or at the time of loading at the port of shipment. An unclean B/L is issued when defects or damages are found on the exteriors of the goods received

17、for shipment or loaded on board the carrying vessel. 不清洁提单(Unclean/ foul BL)，是指承运人加注货物外表状况不良或存有缺陷等批注的提单。如“包装不固”、“破包”、“X件损坏”等。买方及银行通常是不愿意接受这类提单的。clean B/L :清洁提单unclean B/L : 不清洁提单.179.2.5 Bill of Lading straight B/L, bearer B/L & order B/L A straight B/L is one in which the goods are consigned to a d

18、esignated party (the consignee). The consignee is usually designated by the shipper (consignor) when he fills in the box of consignee on the B/L (please refer to Specimen Document 9-5) with the words “Deliver to xxx Co., Ltd.” or the like. Under this bill, only the designated consignee at the destin

19、ation is entitled to take delivery of the goods. 记名提单不能流通，因此在国际贸易中很少使用，一般只用于运输贵重物品或有特殊用途的货物。straight B/L :记名提单consignee knsaini: n.收件人;承销人;受托者;.189.2.5 Bill of Lading straight B/L, bearer B/L & order B/L A bearer B/L is one in which the name of a definite consignee is not mentioned and left blank or

20、 open. Sometimes, the wording “to Bearer” may appear in the box of consignee which indicates that any holder of the bill is entitled to take delivery of the goods. .199.2.5 Bill of Lading straight B/L, bearer B/L & order B/L An order B/L is one in which the goods are consigned or destined to the ord

21、er of a named Party. Order bills are usually issued by carriers to the shipper (consignor) by marking “To order”, “To order of the shipper” in the box of consignee on the B/L. This means that the carrier will deliver the goods to any party designated by the shipper (consignor) at the port of destina

22、tion. An order B/L is a transferable document, but to transfer the title to the goods, the transferor should endorse the bill on the back of the B/L. If he does not endorse the bill, he reserves the right to put the goods at the disposal of himself. .209.2.5 Bill of Lading direct B/L & transshipment

23、 B/L A direct B/L means that the goods must be shipped from the port of shipment directly to the port of destination on the same carrying vessel during the voyage. A transshipment B/L means that the goods can be transshipped at an intermediate port from one vessel to another before reaching the fina

24、l destination. 信用证规定货物不准转船，卖方就必须取得承运人签发的直达提单后才能向银行办理议付货款。转船提单上注有“在某港转船”的宇样，承运人只对第一程运输负责。direct B/L :直达提单；直航提单transshipment B/L:转船提单.219.2.5 Bill of Lading long form B/L & short form B/L A long form B/L is a form that the carrier and the shipper/consignor can be found on the bill of lading (they are

25、usually printed on the back of the bill of lading. A short form B/L is a simplified and abbreviated form of B/L, and it is not acceptable unless otherwise stipulated in the relative L/C. long form B/L: 全式提单short form B/L :简式提单.229.2.5 Bill of Lading freight prepaid B/L & freight to be collected B/L

26、A freight prepaid B/L is issued when the freight has been paid or prepaid by the shipper. A freight to be collected B/L refers to the B/L on which “freight payable at destination” or “freight to collect (to be collected) at destination” is indicated.freight prepaid B/L :运费预付提单freight to be collected

27、 B/L :运费到付提单.239.2.5 Bill of Lading original B/L & copy B/L An original B/L refers to one that is originally signed and dated by either the shipping company or by a duly authorized agent Copy B/L are just “copies” of the original ones, and they are not valid enough to enable the holders to take deli

28、very of the goods. Instead, copy bills of lading are mainly used for reference or for recording purposes only. original B/L :正本提单copy B/L :副本提单.249.2.5 Bill of Lading Stale B/L If a bill of lading is presented to its consignee, or at a bank, later than the goods arrival at the destination, or after

29、the deadline specified in the relevant letter of credit and which, therefore, is not acceptable as a valid document, it is called a stale B/L. According to the uniform commercial code (UCC), a bill of lading may be rejected if presented more than 21 days after the date of arrival of the shipment. .2

30、59.2.5 Bill of Lading advanced B/L & ante-dated B/L Sometimes, especially when the time of shipment stipulated in the L/C is almost due but the goods are not ready for shipment or the actual loading of the goods is not yet completed, the seller would require that a bill of lading be issued in order

31、to negotiate payment before the L/C expires. This kind of B/L is called an advanced B/L. On other occasions, when the seller fails to effect shipment in time, that is, the actual shipment date of the goods is later than the deadline stipulated in the L/C, a bill of lading will be issued with a date

32、in compliance with the L/C requirements at the request of the seller. It is called an ante-dated B/L. advanced B/L :预借提单 ante-dated B/L:倒签提单.269.2.5 Bill of Lading advanced B/L & ante-dated B/L Both advanced B/L and anti-dated B/L carry false information as to the actual date of loading, and both ar

33、e issued at the request of the seller for avoiding non-acceptance of the B/L for negotiation of payment at the bank. The difference between them is that an advanced B/L is issued before the actual loading is carried out or completed while an ante-dated B/L is issued after it. In both cases, the carr

34、ier is liable for all risks arising from the issuance of such bills of lading because the buyer will probably find out the actual loading date later. Therefore, the carrier will normally avoid these practices. .279.2.5 Bill of Lading On-deck B/L Finally, there exist the on-deck bills of lading. An o

35、n-deck B/L is issued when the cargo is not loaded into the ships hold but stowed or placed on the deck of the ship. It must be pointed out that the above-mentioned types of bills of lading are not independent of each other. One B/L may, at the same time, be in more than one form. In international tr

36、ade practices, the most preferred bill of lading is a clean, shipped direct bill of lading made out to order with a blank endorsement. on deck B/L :舱面提单.289.3.3 Port of Shipment and Port of Destination Second, if it is hard to make a final decision when the contract is concluded, it is acceptable th

37、at two or more optional ports of shipment/ports of destination or even a more general scope such as “European Main Ports” and “China Ports” be stated to provide flexibility. For example, when a buyer can not, at the time of contracting, make the decision as to which market should the goods be delive

38、red to, optional ports such as “ One port out of Shanghai/ Qingdao/Dalian” can be set forth in the contract. optionalpnl adj.可任意选择的，任选的 .299.3.4 Partial Shipment and Transshipment Partial shipment means shipping the commodities under one contract by more than one shipment. It may be adopted for the

39、following reasons: the lack of means of conveyance or shipping space available; the limitation of loading or unloading facilities at the port of shipment or destination; the restriction of market capacity or production ability, etc. partial shipment:分批装运.309.3.4 Partial Shipment and Transshipment Tr

40、ansshipment means that the goods have to be transferred from one ship to another at an intermediate port before reaching the destination. Transshipment is allowed when there is no ship between the port of shipment and the port of destination, or no suitable ships available at that particular period.

41、 transshipment trnsipmnt n. 转载;中转;转运;转车；装船装运.319.3.5 Shipping Instruction and Shipping Advice Before shipment, the buyer generally sends the shipping requirements (including the way of packing, shipping marking and mode of transportation, etc.) to the sellers, known as the Shipping Instruction. Besi

42、des, the buyer will sometimes inform the seller of effecting shipment in time to avoid shipment delay in the shipping instruction. On the other hand, the seller usually sends the Shipping Advice to the buyer immediately after the goods are loaded on board the carrying vessel, informing the buyer of

43、the related shipment details, including the shipped goods, the port of shipment, the name of the carrying vessel, the date of shipment and the estimated time of arrival, etc. .329.4 Other Modes of Transportation Rail Transportation Rail transportation is a major mode of transportation in terms of ca

44、pacity, only second to ocean transportation. Road Transportation Road transportation is widely used for distributing goods from an inland point to the sea port, airport and railway station. However, road transportation is limited in capacity and vulnerable to high risk of pilferage and damage in tra

45、nsit. Therefore, it is not widely adopted in international trade. vulnerablevlnrbl adj. 1.易受伤的,易受攻击的2. 易受责难的;有弱点的;难防守的.339.4 Other Modes of Transportation nAir Transportation Air transportation is one of the latest forms of distribution. The most obvious advantage of air transportation is that it pr

46、ovides quick and reliable services. However, air transportation is vulnerable to bad weather, subject to a high operating cost and limited capacity. .349.4 Other Modes of Transportation nContainer Transportation The freight rates of container are calculated based on the division of FCL and LCL. In t

47、he case of FCL service, the freight rate is mainly determined by the capacity of the container and the d i s t a n c e o f t h e j o u r n e y, irrespective of the quantity of the cargo shipped. However, when LCL is adopted, the freight is charged in the way similar to the freight of the liner trans

48、portation, i.e. W, M, A.V., etc. Therefore, LCL is preferred when goods of small quantity is to be transported. .359.4 Other Modes of Transportation nInternational Multimodal Transportation International multimodal transportation means the carriage of cargo by at least two modes of transportation wi

49、th only one multimodal transportation contract and one operator being responsible for taking the cargo from the seller in the exporting country to the site of the buyer in the importing country. When making decisions on the mode of transportation to be adopted for the goods, the exporters should tak

50、e certain factors into consideration, including the nature of the goods to be shipped, the urgency of the consignment and the availability of the transportation services, the requirements of the customers and the shipping costs etc. .361、asking for the shipment datenWhen can you ship the goods?nWhen