高中英语时态语态讲解PPT课件.ppt

1、1一般现在时：一般现在时：表示经常性、习惯性的动作，也可表示经常性、习惯性的动作，也可用于陈述真理、客观事实。用于陈述真理、客观事实。1.1.When I was young, our teachers often told When I was young, our teachers often told us that knowledge us that knowledge is is power. power.2. He often 2. He often comescomes late. late. 3. The sun 3. The sun risesrises in the eas

2、t and in the east and setssets down in down in the west. the west.4. Practice 4. Practice makesmakes perfect. perfect.2一般过去时：一般过去时：是是与与“现在没有联系的时态现在没有联系的时态”，只强调过去只强调过去的事实，不强调与现在的关系；语境中的过的事实，不强调与现在的关系；语境中的过去式常表示去式常表示“刚才刚才, ,曾经曾经”之意，之意，暗示现在已暗示现在已“不再这样不再这样”。表示对过去某时或某时期的表示对过去某时或某时期的动作或状态，或过去习惯的动作。动作或状态，或

3、过去习惯的动作。1.1.Your phone number again? I Your phone number again? I didntdidnt quite quite catch it.catch it.2.2.He He wrotewrote many plays when he was at many plays when he was at college.college.3. -Nancy is not coming tonight.3. -Nancy is not coming tonight. -But she -But she promised.promised.3进行

4、体：进行体：它具有暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。它具有暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。现在进行时：现在进行时：表示此刻或现阶段进行的动作。表示此刻或现阶段进行的动作。过去进行时：过去进行时：用来表示过去特定的某一时刻正在发生或过用来表示过去特定的某一时刻正在发生或过去某一段时间内持续发生的事情。去某一段时间内持续发生的事情。4进行体：进行体： 一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。如：My brother fell while he My brother fell while h

5、e was ridingwas riding his bicycle his bicycle and hurt himself. and hurt himself. The reporter said that the UFO The reporter said that the UFO was travelingwas traveling from east to west when he saw it.from east to west when he saw it. 表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如：表示动作的未完性、暂时性。如：I dont really work here; I I do

6、nt really work here; I am just helping outam just helping out until the new secretary arrives. until the new secretary arrives. Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use Selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is not easy task because technology is not easy task because technology is is changi

7、ngchanging so so rapidly.rapidly.5 表示计划、安排要做的事。如：表示计划、安排要做的事。如： Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I amam takingtaking my mum. my mum. What were you doing when Tony phoned What were you doing when Tony phoned you ?you ? I had just finished my work

8、 and I had just finished my work and was was startingstarting to take a shower. to take a shower. 表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。 I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was workingwas working at a radio shop at the time.at a radio shop at the time. Hey, look whe

9、re you are going! Hey, look where you are going! Oh, Im terribly sorry, I Oh, Im terribly sorry, I wasnt noticingwasnt noticing. . 6 进行时态与进行时态与constantly, always, foreverconstantly, always, forever连用，带有感情色彩（如感叹、惊讶、厌烦连用，带有感情色彩（如感叹、惊讶、厌烦等）。等）。I Imm always hearingalways hearing strange things about str

10、ange things about him.him.He He is always leavingis always leaving things about. things about.7下列几类动词不用进行时时态下列几类动词不用进行时时态 感知或感觉的动词：感知或感觉的动词：hear, see, seem, smell, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, look, feelsound, look, feel等。等。 表示心理或情感的动词：表示心理或情感的动词：like, love, hate, like, love, hate, prefer, wishpre

11、fer, wish等。等。 表示状态存在的动词：表示状态存在的动词：be, exist, remain, stay, be, exist, remain, stay, 等。等。 表示占有或存属关系动词：表示占有或存属关系动词：have, own, belong, have, own, belong, containcontain等。等。 表示思考、理解等心理活动的动词：表示思考、理解等心理活动的动词：believe, believe, doubt, forget, know, remember, understanddoubt, forget, know, remember, understa

12、nd等。等。8现在完成时：现在完成时：表示表示过去过去的动作或状态对的动作或状态对现在现在的影响或对的影响或对现在造成的结果。以现在时间为参照点。现在造成的结果。以现在时间为参照点。Eg. He Eg. He has servedhas served in the army for 5 years. in the army for 5 years. He He servedserved in the army from 1952 to 1954. in the army from 1952 to 1954.现在完成时常用的状语有现在完成时常用的状语有already, yet, never, a

13、lready, yet, never, before lately, recently, in the last / past few before lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (days / years (在过去的这几天在过去的这几天/ /年里年里) )，since since then, up to now, so far, upon to nowthen, up to now, so far, upon to now等等91. Although he has lived with us for years,

14、he 1. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. _ us much impression. A. hadnt left B. didnt leave A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt leftC. doesnt leave D. hasnt left2. I 2. I in London for many yearsin London for many years，but Ive but Ive never regretted

15、 my final decision to move never regretted my final decision to move back to China.back to China. A. lived B. was living A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived C. have lived D. had lived 3. He _ football regularly for many years 3. He _ football regularly for many years when he was young.

16、 when he was young. A. was playing B. played A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played C. has played D. had played 10过去完成时：过去完成时：表示表示过去的过去过去的过去，应有一个过去的时间做参，应有一个过去的时间做参点。点。Eg. She Eg. She had beenhad been ill for a week before she ill for a week before she camecame back. back. She She has

17、beenhas been ill for a week. ill for a week. （现在仍在生病）（现在仍在生病）注：在注：在beforebefore或或afterafter引导的时间状语从句中可以引导的时间状语从句中可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he left the room, a thief came in.After he left the room, a thief came in.We arrived home before it rained.We arrived home before it rained.111. All mo

18、rning as she waited for the 1. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her medical report from the doctor, her nervousness nervousness . . A Ahas grownhas grown B Bis growingis growing C Cgrewgrew D Dhad grownhad grown2. My mind wasnt on what he was 2. My mind wasnt on what

19、 he was saying, so Im afraid I _ half of it. saying, so Im afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing A. was missing B. had missed B. had missed C. will miss C. will miss D. missed D. missed12注：表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：注：表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, expect, mean, intend, wan

20、t, think, suppose, want want 等，其过去完成时表示过去未增实现的愿望等，其过去完成时表示过去未增实现的愿望或意图。如：或意图。如：I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.the moment.I had thought you would come to

21、morrow. I had thought you would come tomorrow. 13现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时：表示动作过去发生，表示动作过去发生，持续持续到现在并到现在并有可能有可能继续持续下去。继续持续下去。Eg. The Chinese Eg. The Chinese have been makinghave been making paper paper for two thousand years. for two thousand years. The CCTV The CCTV has been broadcastinghas been broadcasting

22、 English programmes ever since 1977. English programmes ever since 1977.14过去完成进行时：过去完成进行时：表示一个动作在过去某一时刻开始，一直持表示一个动作在过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到另一个过去时刻，也可能继续持续下去。续到另一个过去时刻，也可能继续持续下去。Eg. Because he Eg. Because he had not been doinghad not been doing his work his work well, he well, he was firedwas fired. .15将来时：将来

23、时：表示即将发生的动作或状态。表示即将发生的动作或状态。1.1.一般现在时表将来的用法常用于谈论时间表、节一般现在时表将来的用法常用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情，只限于少数动词目单或日程表上所安排好的事情，只限于少数动词如如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, closereturn, open, close等。等。The concert The concert beginsbegins at 7:00 and

24、 ends at 9:00. at 7:00 and ends at 9:00.The train The train startsstarts at 9 in the morning. at 9 in the morning.162.2.在在if, unless, even if if, unless, even if 引导的条件状语从句中，引导的条件状语从句中，在在when, before, until (till), as soon as, the when, before, until (till), as soon as, the moment, once moment, once

25、引导的时间状语从句中，如果主引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是将来时（往往出现句是将来时（往往出现will / shall / can / will / shall / can / must must ），从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。），从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。（即（即“主将从现主将从现”）如：）如： Ill go with you as soon as I Ill go with you as soon as I finishfinish my work. my work. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory Hundreds

26、of jobs will be lost if the factory closescloses. .173. 3. 进行时将来：表示计划、安排要做的事。如：进行时将来：表示计划、安排要做的事。如：Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I amam takingtaking my mum. my mum. What were you doing when Tony phoned What were you doing when Tony phoned you

27、 ?you ? I had just finished my work and I had just finished my work and was was startingstarting to take a shower. to take a shower. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _.seat belts. The plane _.A. takes off B. is taking off C. has

28、taken A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took offoff D. took off184. be to do sth.4. be to do sth.表示按计划或安排要做的事表示按计划或安排要做的事When are you to leave for two days to New When are you to leave for two days to New York?York?She is to get married next month.She is to get married next month.注：注

29、：was/were to do sth.was/were to do sth.表示表示“命中注定要发生命中注定要发生的事的事”; was/were to have done; was/were to have done则表示未曾实则表示未曾实现的计划。现的计划。We were to have told you, but you were not in.We were to have told you, but you were not in.192022-5-21204. be to do sth.4. be to do sth. 表示表示“指令指令”，相当于，相当于should, ought

30、 to, must, should, ought to, must, have tohave to。例如：。例如： You are to report to the police. You are to report to the police. 你应该报警。你应该报警。 The books in this room are not to be taken The books in this room are not to be taken outside. (The books in this room mustnt be outside. (The books in this room m

31、ustnt be taken outside.) taken outside.) 这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。 表示表示“想，打算想，打算”，相当于，相当于intend, wantintend, want。例。例如：如：If we are to be there before ten, well have to If we are to be there before ten, well have to gogonow. now. 214. be to do sth.4. be to do sth. 用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。如：用于第一人称疑问句，表示

32、征求对方意见。如： What are we to do next? What are we to do next? 在与在与be be 连用的结构中，连用的结构中，see, find, see, find, congratulate congratulate 的不定式被动式有特殊的用法。的不定式被动式有特殊的用法。 The news is to be found in the evening paper. The news is to be found in the evening paper. He is nowhere to be seen. He is nowhere to be see

33、n. You are to be congratulated. You are to be congratulated. 应当向您表示祝应当向您表示祝贺。贺。 225. will/shall 5. will/shall willwill的特殊用法：的特殊用法：可以用于表示事先未考虑可以用于表示事先未考虑过，即说话时临时想到的。过，即说话时临时想到的。Eg. -youve left the light on.Eg. -youve left the light on. -Oh, so I have. I -Oh, so I have. I will will go and turn it go a

34、nd turn it off.off.236. be going to do sth. 6. be going to do sth. 表示表示意图、打算或有迹象意图、打算或有迹象发生某事；但发生某事；但be going be going toto 不能用于条件状语从句的主句中。不能用于条件状语从句的主句中。Eg. They are going to get married soon. Look at the dark clouds; its going to rain. If it is fine, were going to go fishing. ( )注：注：was/were going

35、 to do sth.was/were going to do sth.表示过去将来或表示过去将来或表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法。表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法。-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?-I -I was going towas going to, , but I had an unexpected but I had an unexpected visitor.visitor.247. be about to do sth. when 7. be about to do

36、sth. when = be on the point of doing sth. when = be on the point of doing sth. when “ “即将做某事这时即将做某事这时”Eg. He was about to leave when the Eg. He was about to leave when the telephone rang.telephone rang.25将来进行时：将来进行时：表示将来某一时刻正在发生的动作；也表示将来某一时刻正在发生的动作；也可表示按计划去做某事。可表示按计划去做某事。1. She wont be able to come

37、next week, 1. She wont be able to come next week, because she _ herself in Mount Tai then.because she _ herself in Mount Tai then.A.A.enjoys B. will be enjoyingenjoys B. will be enjoyingC. is enjoying D. will have enjoyingC. is enjoying D. will have enjoying2. -Did you write to Peter last month?2. -

38、Did you write to Peter last month? -No, but I _ him this June. -No, but I _ him this June.A. will be seen B. will be seeingA. will be seen B. will be seeingC. will have been seeing D. will have seenC. will have been seeing D. will have seen26将来完成时：表示将来某一时刻已经完将来完成时：表示将来某一时刻已经完成的动作成的动作 By the time he

39、By the time he finishesfinishes the part-time the part-time job, job, he _ much work experience.he _ much work experience.A.A. will gain B. will have gained will gain B. will have gainedC. has gained D. had gainedC. has gained D. had gained27约定俗成的句式结构：约定俗成的句式结构： (This) It(This) It is is/ /waswas the

40、 first time that the first time that have have donedone/ /hadhad donedone This This is is the first time I the first time I have comehave come here. here. It It waswas the third time (that) he the third time (that) he had madehad made the the same mistake.same mistake. It was / had been + It was / h

41、ad been + 一段时间一段时间 + sincehad + sincehad donedone It It waswas ten years since we ten years since we had hadhad had such a such a wonderful time. wonderful time. ( (试比较：试比较：It is/has been + It is/has been + 一段时间一段时间+ + sincedid)sincedid)28约定俗成的句式结构：约定俗成的句式结构： be about to do/ be on the point of doing

42、 be about to do/ be on the point of doing sthwhensthwhen意为意为“即将即将（这时）突然（这时）突然” I was about to go out when the telephone I was about to go out when the telephone rang. rang. be (was /were) + doing whenbe (was /were) + doing when 意为意为“正在干正在干（这时）突然（这时）突然”。如。如 They were reading when Tom shouted in They

43、were reading when Tom shouted in pain. pain. Hardly/No sooner Hardly/No sooner haddonewhen/thandidhaddonewhen/thandid 表示表示“刚刚刚刚就就”。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. (than) the rain poured down. 29约定俗成的句式结构：约定俗成的句式结构： It It wil

44、lwill bebe/ /waswas + + 一段时间一段时间 + + beforebeforedodo/ /diddid.如：如： It wont be long before he succeeds. It wont be long before he succeeds. It was ten years before they met again. It was ten years before they met again. 30被动语态：被动语态：常用的九种被动语态形式常用的九种被动语态形式1 1、am / is /are doneam / is /are done （一般现在时）

45、（一般现在时）2 2、was /were donewas /were done（一般过去时）（一般过去时）3 3、will /shall be donewill /shall be done （一般将来时）（一般将来时）4 4、would be donewould be done （过去将来时）（过去将来时）5 5、am /is / are being done am /is / are being done （现在进行时）（现在进行时）6 6、was /were being done was /were being done （过去进行时）（过去进行时）7 7、has /have been

46、donehas /have been done （现在完成时）（现在完成时）8 8、had been donehad been done （过去完成时）（过去完成时）9 9、情态动词、情态动词 be donebe done （情态动词）（情态动词）31被动语态：被动语态： That old man was often laughed That old man was often laughed at.at. The doctor has been sent The doctor has been sent for.for. Time must be made good use Time mus

47、t be made good use of.of. The plan ought to be put into practice as The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. soon as possible. Bad habits have been done away Bad habits have been done away with.with. 注：注： be seen /heard /noticed /felt / be seen /heard /noticed /felt / watched /obs

48、erved /made /had watched /observed /made /had to doto do sth. sth.Tom was made to recite those dull poems.Tom was made to recite those dull poems.32被动语态：被动语态：“get + “get + 过去分词过去分词”也可以表示被动，此结也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化，如：构比较口语化，如： She She got marriedgot married last week. last week. He fell off the car and He

49、fell off the car and got killedgot killed. . 33主动形式表被动意义：主动形式表被动意义：1 1系动词系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, remain, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, remain, become, fall, get, grow, keep + become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容词形

50、容词/ /名词构名词构成系表结构。成系表结构。 The steel feels cold. The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical. His plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad. It has gone bad. 2 2表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如begin, begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, finish, start, open, close, sto