英语基本句型及句式课件.ppt

1、Welcome to my class1英语的六种基本句型英语的六种基本句型? 简单句简单句23英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成六种找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成六种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这六种基基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这六种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语六种基本句型列式如下：英语六种基本句型列式如

2、下：基本句型一： +（主谓）基本句型二： + +（主系表）基本句型三： + +（主谓宾）基本句型四： + +IO +DO（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： + +O +OC（主谓宾宾补）基本句型六： There + be+ 其他4? 各种词类及其在句子中的作用：?1. Nouns (n.) 名词：?-主语(S)，宾语(O)，表语(P)等? 2. Verbs (v.) 动词 -谓语(V)?（ vt. 及物动词 / vi. 不及物动词）? 3. Pronouns （pron.) 代词：?-主语，宾语，表语等?e.g. Kate has a piano.?S V O?She likes it very m

3、uch.?S V O54. Adjectives (adj. ) 形容词：-定语(At. ) 表语（P）e.g. The overcoat is very beautiful. This is a very beautiful overcoat.5. Adverbs (adv. ) 副词：-状语（Ad. )6. Numerals (num. ) 数词：-定语，表语，主语等e.g. 25 (desks) _(be) enough.7. Articles (art. ) 冠词：(a an the )一般不单独构成句子成分(At.)(P) is68. Prepositions (prep. ) 介词

4、（in, at, on, )prep. +n. 介词短语-状语(Ad.),表语等e.g. We can see the bike under the tree. 9. Conjunctions (conj. ) 连词( and, or, but, so)一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用10. Interjections ( interj. ) 感叹词(ah, oh, yeah)一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用7基本句型一(subject)+V(verb)（主谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。即：后面不可以直接跟宾语，但可以加介词

5、再加宾语e.g. His words works.The baby cry.He lives inthe town.8i （不及物动词）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. cry.Laughed.woke. talked (for half an hour).walked (yesterday )is playinghave gone9基本句型二+（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点： 句子的系动词都不能表达一个完整的意思

6、，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。 系动词可分四类：系动词可分四类：1 1）be本身没有什么意义本身没有什么意义, ,只起连系主语和表语的作用只起连系主语和表语的作用, ,后可接动词外的任何词；2 2）感官动词类）感官动词类look, feel, smell, taste, sound等等3）表示变化：）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, go等等4）表示状态延续：）表示状态延续：stay, keep, prove, remain, stand等等。10Linking-V系动系动词）(表语)1. He 2. The dinner3. He 4.

7、 Everything5. He 6. The book 7.The weather 8. His faceis smellsfell looks is is becomesturned an English teacher. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warmer. red. 11基本句型 三+（主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。12t（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语) 1. She2. She 3. He 8. He 5

8、. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He opens pushes understands made ate likes want said the box. her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.a cup of tea. Good morning. 13基本句型基本句型 四四+IO +DO（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词后面必须有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者（物），另一个是动作的间接承受者（人）。14（及物）IO多指人）DO（多指物）1. She2. She 5. I 6. I 7.

9、 She passed brought gave showed toldhimHer husband her him him a new dress. a dictionary. an OI. how to run the machine. that the bus was late.15?若要若要先说出直接宾语（事物）， 后说间接宾语（人）（人），则要借助于介词，则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如：?She passed a new dress to him.?She made a beautiful dress for me.?用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示 朝着

10、，向着，对着 某人某人。?用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重指动作的受益者， 表示为了某人，替某人。?常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助 to的）的）bring , give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；?（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare 等。16基本句型 五+（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是

11、：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。17（及物） （宾语）（宾补）1. We 2. She 3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep asked call found makes saw asked sawthe table us supper the house him him me themclean. to do the work.dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus.18?英语基本

12、句型英语基本句型6 There be 句型句型? 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+ 主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语词be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。?There is a bird on the tree.? 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：? There stands a hill in the middle of the park.? Once upon a time there lived an old k

13、ing in the town.19?Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：?现在有there is/are ?过去有there was/were ?将来有there will be ；there is /are going to be.?现在已经有 there has/have been ?可能有 there might be .?肯定有 there must be /there must have been . ?过去曾经有 there used to be ?似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to b

14、e ?碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be20?1.They work hard.主主 + 谓谓?2.The flower is dead.主 + 系 + 表?3.Plants need water.主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾?4.He gives me some seeds.主主 + 谓谓 + 间宾 + 直宾直宾?5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补?6.Many animals live in trees.主主 + 谓谓21句式? 1.陈述句? 2.疑问句? 3.祈使句?

15、 4.感叹句22?陈述句陈述句?陈述句说明一个事实或说话人的态度。?1.陈述句的肯定式：主语 +谓语+其他?e.g. This is a book.?I can swim.?They will work in beijing.?2.陈述句的否定式：在句中加 not或者是表示否定意义的词。?e.g. This is not a book.?I can not swim.?They will not work in beijing.?注：否定词not 要位于be/助动词之后，实意动词之前。23?除not外，构成否定句的还有其他否定词： noHe has no brother.? neverI ha

16、ve never seen such a man.? no one, nobodyNobody is interested in the book. nothingThere is nothing on the table. neither of., none of.Neither of them is good a t swimming.? None of them is good at swimming.? little, fewThere are few students in the classroom.There is little water in the glass.? seld

17、om, hardlyI seldom watch TV.I can hardly say a word.? too. to.He is too young to go to school.24疑问句疑问句?疑问句用于提出问题，分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。? 1. 一般疑问句一般疑问句询问事物或某种情况是否属实，需要对方给予肯定（Yes）或否定（No）回答。? e.g. Is it a book? 肯定：yes, it is.? 否定：no. it isnt (is not 的缩写）? 陈述句变一般疑问句陈述句变一般疑问句? 含有be及情态动词can的陈述句变疑问句用“一

18、提二改三问号”就是只需把be或can提前，改大小写，句号改为问号，如果有第一人称的词要改为第二人称。? e.g. He is a teacher.Is he a teacher?I am a teacher-Are you a teacher?He can sing-can he sing?25?句中没有be及情态动词can的陈述句变疑问句用“一加二改三问号”就是在句首加do或者does，改大小写或人称，句号变问号，主语是第三人称单数( he, she , it)时加does,注意动词的单三形式要还原。?e.g. I know the traffic rules.?Do you know th

19、e traffic rules?she goes to work on foot.?Does she go to work on foot?26特殊疑问句特殊疑问句? 用疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句，疑问词的分类:? what , who, which, whose, whom ,when, where, why, how特殊疑问句的回答：问什么答什么? e.g. Who is your English teacher？- Nina is my English teacher.?Whats your favorite color？- Black is my favorite color.?which one is your sister? -That one is my sister.?When is your birthday？- My birthday is on 5thOctober.?Where do you live? - I live in Dong Guan.?why are you so sad? -because I lost my key.?27