Unit 1 单词详解ppt课件-(2022新)人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、1、crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的 be crucial to / for 对至关重要 it is crucial that从句 从句用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可省略 极为重要 play a crucial role/ part in 在中起至关重要的作用2、vital adj. 极其重要的，必不可少的，充满生机的 be of vital importance 至关重要 be vital to/for 对至关重要 it is vital that从句 从句用虚拟语气,即should+动词原 形,should可省略 至关重要的是应该做3、committed

2、 adj. 尽心尽力的，坚定的，坚信的 be committed todoing sth 尽力做某事；承诺做某事 commit v. 犯错误、罪行 ;干坏事;承诺;保证;投入 commit suicide 自杀 commit a crime 犯罪 commit an error 犯错 commit sb/oneself todoing sth. 承诺某人做某事 commit sth. to sth. 把某物投入到某事上 commit to sb./sth 忠于 commitment n. 投入，奉献，承诺 carry out ones commitment 履行某人的承诺 make a com

3、mitment to do sth. / doing sth. 承诺做某事4、objective n. 目标，目的 adj. 客观的 反义词：subjectivesubjective 主观的 meet/ achieve ones objectives 达到/实现某人的目标 with the objective/aim/goal of 以为目标 / 带有的目的5、evaluate vt. 评价，评估 evaluationevaluation n. 评估，评估 carry out an evaluation of 对进行评估6、distinct adj. 截然不同 ，有区别的 be distinc

4、t fromin 在方面与.不同 =be different fromin = differ fromdiffer from 注意：be different inin = differ in differ in 在方面不同 distinctdistinctionion Cn.差别，区别 U 区分，辨别 U 优秀，卓越 distinctdistinctlyly adv. 清楚地，明显 反义：inindistinctdistinct adj. 模糊不清的，不清楚 辨析：distinctdistinctiveive adj. 独特的，特别的，有特色的 make/draw a distinction

5、betweenand 把和区别开来 make a distinction 区分开来，区别对待 make no distinction 没有区别 a a w writer riter of distinction of distinction 一位优秀的作家 it is distinct that从句 很明显7、obtain vt.尤指经过努力获得，赢得 vi.规章、习俗存在，流行 obtain ones permission 得到某人许可 obtain/get an admission to 获准进入/加入8、acknowledge vt. 承认属实、权威；公开感谢 acknowledge d

6、oing sthacknowledge doing sth. 承认做某事 acknowledge having done sth. 承认做了某事 acknowledge that从句 承认 acknowledge sb./sth. as/to be acknowledge sb./sth. as/to be 认为是 = sb./sth. sb./sth. be acknowledged be acknowledged as/to beas/to be it is generally/widely acknowledged that 普遍认为 acknowledgeacknowledgement

7、ment n.承认，答谢 in acknowledgement of in acknowledgement of 作为对的感谢9、defeat n. 失败，挫败 vt.击败，战胜 suffer a defeat suffer a defeat 遭受失败遭受失败 acknowledge/admit defeat 承认失败/认输 accept/face defeat 接受/面临失败 a narrow/heavy defeat 惜败/惨败注意辨析： defeat/beat +某人或某个集体 击败/打败 win+ game/match/race/election/prize 【注意“赢某人”不能用wi

8、n sb.可用defeat/beat sb.】 win over sb. 把某人争取过来 win sb. sth. = win sth. for sb. 为某人赢得某物 【双宾语双宾语】10、apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 apparent apparent adj. 显而易见的，表面上的 for no apparent reason for no apparent reason 不知什么原因 it is apparent that 从句 显而易见的是. it is apparent from sth. that it is apparent from sth. that

9、 某事表明. it is apparent t sb. that it is apparent t sb. that 某人明白11、draw out 1.取出=take out 2.拖延，拉长 3.白昼渐长，天黑渐晚 draw up 起草，拟订 draw back 后退，撤回 draw in天黑渐早，白昼渐短12、insist 1）vi/vt 坚持，坚决要求坚持，坚决要求 insist on/uponsb/sbs doing insist on/uponsb/sbs doing sth. sth. 坚决要求某人做某事 insist that insist that 坚持坚持/ /坚决要求坚决要

10、求 从句从句谓语动词用虚拟语谓语动词用虚拟语 气，即气，即should +should +动词原形，动词原形， shouldshould可省略可省略 2）vi/vt 坚持说坚持说/ /坚持认为坚持认为 此时后跟陈述语气，不用虚此时后跟陈述语气，不用虚拟拟 insist on doing sthinsist on doing sth. . 执意继续执意继续/ /坚决要求坚决要求做某事做某事 if you insist if you insist 用于口语中用于口语中 如果你一定要这如果你一定要这样样13、主语+be thought +不定式短语 to do sth 表示一般情况或动作即将发生 t

11、o be doing sth表示动作正在进行be thought + to have done sth 表示动作已经完成 to be done 表示被动且动作将要发生 to have been done 表示被动且动作已完成1）该结构意为“被认为”不定式短语根据需 要有时态和语态的变化2) 该句型可与“its thought that互换”3）常用语该句型的过去分词还有said, believed, considered, hoped, reported等14、On/Upon On/Upon doingdoing sth.sth.的用法此结构依据语境可译为“当当时，在时，在时，一时，一就就”常

12、用于正式文体中。介词on或upon后面跟V-ing或者表示动作属性的名词做宾语，构成介词短语，在句中作时间状语。 UponUpon /OnOn finishing finishing it, I was struck by the feeling that it was the best composition I had ever written.我写完这篇作文时，就感到这是我写过的最好的作文。UponUpon/ /OnOn their return their return to the country, the girls in the national volleyball team

13、received praise and fresh flowers. 国家排球队的姑娘们一回国，就收到了赞誉和鲜花。“一就”的其他表达方法as soon as 引导时间状语从句at the sight/sound of 一看见/听到就the moment/minute/instant/second此处the后面的名词用作连词 +句子Immediately/instantly/directly此处的这几个副词用作连词+句子h hardly/scarcelywhenardly/scarcelywhenno soonerthan no soonerthan 注意：以上句式中,当hardly, sca

14、rcely, no sooner 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构，从句不 用倒装。将将bebe动词、助动词、情态动词动词、助动词、情态动词提前提前15、its +n. +for sb./sth. to do sth. 对某人/某物来说做某事拓展： it be+adj.possible/obvious/important+that从句 it be+过去分词said/thought/believed/reported+that从句 it + 不及物动词occurred/happened +that 从句 it be+ 名词短语a pity/a fact/a wonder/an honor/an i

15、dea/ no wonder +that从句特别注意特别注意: : 在在it is it is strange/important/necessary/essential/vital/crucialstrange/important/necessary/essential/vital/crucial +that +that从句从句 结构中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从结构中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词句谓语动词 用用should+should+动词原形，动词原形，shouldshould可以省略可以省略16、stand up to 经得住检验 stand up to close examina

16、tion 经得起仔细检查 stand up for 支持，维护 stand for 代表，象征 stand against 反对，靠站着 stand aside 站在一边，不参与 stand by 袖手旁观;支持某人； 信守,遵守;诺言、协定 stand out 突出，显眼，脱颖而出17、wear and tear 正常使用造成的 磨损，损耗 wear out 用坏，穿破，使筋疲力尽 wear well 耐用，耐穿，耐磨 be worn out 精疲力竭18、conclusion Cn. 结论，结束 come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion come

17、to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论 jump jump to conclusion to conclusion 匆忙下结论 in conclusion 最后用于文章或讲话的末尾，表示即将结束 = to conclusion bringto a conclusion 使结束 conclude conclude vt.得出结论，推断出 vt./vi. 结束，终止 conclude sth. from sth. =conclude from sth. that 从推断出/断定 concludewithconcludewith 以结束19、flee 迅速

18、离开；逃跑 flee from 从逃离，逃避 flee in terror 惊慌地逃离 flee from ones duty 逃避责任20、circumstance 环境，条件，状况，境况，境遇 social circumstances 社会环境 under/in the circumstances under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下， 既然如此 under/in no circumstances under/in no circumstances 绝不，无论如何不【放放 在句首时句子要部分倒装在句首时句子要部分倒装 =never=never】 eg. Und

19、er no circumstances did Idid I expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job. 当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这 么多问题21、it strikes sb. that 某人突然想到“某人突然想到”的表达： sth. sth. o occurs to sb.ccurs to sb. = sth. hits sb. = sth. strikes sb. it occurs to sb. that/ it occurs to sb. that/疑问词 = i

20、t hits sb. that = it strikes sb. that/it strikes sb. that/疑问词 “it+特殊动词短语+从句”的句型： it makes no difference that 没有影响/影响 it remains to be seen that 还有待观察22、found 创建，创办，兴建城镇或国家，把建立在 be founded on be founded on 建立在基础上近义be based on foundationfoundation n. 地基，基础，根据 lay a firm/solid foundation for lay a firm

21、/solid foundation for 为打下坚实的基础 founder founder n. 创办者，发起人23、infer vt.inferr red, inferr red 推断，推论，推理 infer from 从中推断出 it can be inferred that 可推断出24、come to power 上台，当权，掌权 【表示动作动作，不可 与时间段连用】 be in power 当权，执政，掌权【表示状态状态，可与时 间段连用】 within ones power within ones power 在某人力所能及/权力范围之内 beyond/out of ones p

22、ower beyond/out of ones power 某人力所不及25、genius 天才，天资，天赋 a writer of genius 一位天才作家 be a genius atdoing sth. be a genius atdoing sth. 是做某事方面的天才 have a genius fordoing sth. have a genius fordoing sth. 有做某事的才能26、gentle 温柔的，文静的 gently gently adv. 温柔地，温和地 be gentle with be gentle with 对轻柔27、patent n. 专利，专利

23、证书，获得专利 adj. 有专利的，受专利保护的 apply for/obtain a patent on apply for/obtain a patent on invention invention 申请/获得发明专利 be protected by patent be protected by patent 受专利保护 28、passion n. 酷爱，激情 with passion 充满激情地 be filled with passion 充满激情 arouse ones passion 唤起某人的激情 have a passion forfor 酷爱 29、consequence

24、n. 结果，后果 consequent consequent adj. 随之发生的 consequentlyconsequently adv. 结果，因此 as a consequence= in consequence =as a result 结果,因此 be of little/no consequence 不重要的,无足轻重的30、take up 占用时间;占据空间; 接受;开始从事;拿起;接下去;继续 take up a lot of time 占用大量时间 take up space/room 占据空间 take up the challenge 接受挑战 take up writ

25、ing 开始从事写作take常见的其他搭配： take apart 拆开,拆卸 take on呈现,雇用,承担 take after 长得像 take over 接管,接任 take down 拿下，记下 take in 吸收，理解，收留，欺骗 take off 脱下,起飞,突然开始成功,走红,休假31、encounter vt.偶然碰倒，遇到 n. 邂逅，遭遇 have an encounter with have an encounter with 与相遇 come across/run into/meet withcome across/run into/meet with 偶然遇到，

26、偶然发现32、peculiarity n. 个性，特点，怪异的性质 peculiarpeculiar adj. 怪异的，特有的 be peculiar to sb./sth. be peculiar to sb./sth. 是所特有的 33、mourn 哀悼，忧伤 mournful mournful adj. 非常伤心的，悲痛的，悲伤的 mourn sb. 哀悼某人 mourn for 为哀悼/伤感34、remarkable adj. 非凡的，显著的 be remarkable for be remarkable for 因而引人瞩目 it is remarkable that 令人惊讶的是.

27、 remarkably remarkably adv. 显著地，奇异地remark remark Cn. 谈论,言论,评述常与about搭配 make a remark about make a remark about 发表关于评论Un. 引人注目，显耀 The museum contains nothing that is worthy of remark. 这个博物馆没有任何值得看的东西 v. 说起，谈论，评论 remark on/upon sth./sb. remark on/upon sth./sb. 35、device n. 方法，技巧，装置，仪器 a device a devic

28、e forfor doing sth doing sth. 用于做某事的设备/方法 a device to do sth. 做某事的设备/花招36、sum vi. 总结，概要 sum up 总结，概况 to sum up to sum up 概况起来说【常位于句首】 n. 金额，款项，总数，总和 in sum=in short=in brief=in a word 总之 a sum of 许多，大量 a large sum of 一大笔 37、draft n. 草案，草稿 vt. 起草，草拟 draft ones speech 起草某人的演讲稿 draft draft的熟词生义的熟词生义：选拔

29、，征召，抽调选拔，征召，抽调 be/get drafted in/into 被选拔/征召/抽调进 be drafted into the army be drafted into the army 应征入伍 draft sb. in = draft sb. into sth. 抽调某人做某事38、find+宾语+宾补 1、find+n/代词+done done I found many treasures珍宝 exhibited展览 in the museum.2、find+n/代词+doing sth. doing sth. When I came in, I found all the s

30、tudents smiling at me.3、find+n/代词+adj.adj.I find English interesting.4、find+n/代词+adv.adv.I went to visit her on my way home and found her out.5、find+n/代词+介词短语介词短语We shall never have friends if we expect to find them without a fault. 【谚语】欲找朋友无缺点，永远不会有朋友39、as though/as if引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有

31、可能发生的，从句用真实语气是极有可能发生的，从句用真实语气【该用什么时态就用该用什么时态就用什么时态什么时态】 It sounds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。1、从句用一般过去时-与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 She looks s as if she didntdidnt care她看上去好像并不在乎。2、从句用过去完成时-与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 He talks s about Rome as if he had been had been there before 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。3、从句用would/could/might/shold do形式-与将来相与将来相反反 It looks s as if it might snowmight snow看来好像要下雪了。