Unit 5 词汇语法等 学案-(2022新)人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册.doc

1、UNIT FIVE1. devotedvt: vt. 把献(给); 把专用于; 专心于devotiondvn: n. 奉献; 忠诚; 专心devote.to.: 把用于; 献身; 致力; 专心devote oneself/时间/精力等 to 名/代/doing: 专心于; 献身于; 把.用于.be devoted to 名词/doing: 致力于; 专心于; 被用在什么上1)The woman devoted herself to her career.2)They have devoted themselves to fighting poverty.2. shortagetd: n. 不足

2、; 缺少; 短缺short：adj. 短的; 矮的;缺乏的; 短缺的lack lk：n./v. 缺乏; 不足; 没有be short of. : 缺少 3. tackletkl: vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理solve slv: v. 解决; 处理; 解答settlesetl: v. 解决; 结束deal with: 处理; 解决 (常与how连用)do with.: 处理(常与what连用)4. crisiskrass: n. 危机;危急关头 (复数: crises krasi:z)a political/financial crisis: 政治/金融危机aneconomic

3、 crisis: 经济危机basis bess (基础) - bases besizanalysis nlss (分析) - analyses nlsiz5. boostbust: vt. 使增长; 使兴旺n. 增长; 提高; 激励reduce/decrease/decline/fall/drop: v. 减少/下降 (by/to)increase/rise: v. 增加/上升 (by/to)6. yieldjild: n. 产量; 产出vt. 出产(作物); 产生(收益、效益等)vi. 屈服; 让步field fild：n. 田野; 领域; 运动场give way to.: 让步; 屈服;

4、让路give in: 让步;屈服 give up: 放弃; 投降give up doing.: 放弃做什么7. convinceknvns: vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服convinced: adj. 坚信; 深信; 确信convincing: adj. 令人信服的; 有说服力的be convinced of: 相信convince sb to do.: 说服某人做什么persuade sb to do : 说服某人做什么= persuade/talk/reason sb into doingpersuade sb not to do: 说服某人不做什么= persuade/talk/re

5、ason sb out of doing: 8. characteristic krktrstk: n. 特征; 特点; 品质adj. 典型的; 独特的characterkrkt: n. 特性; 特点; 特色; 人物; 角色9. attain ten: vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)get (got;got/gotten)：v. 获得; 挣得 赚win(won) ：v. 获得; 挣得; 取得; 赢得gain: v. 获得; 取得acquire : v. 获得; 取得turn: v. 达到/超过(年龄/数量/时间)He will attain/turn 105

6、 next month.10. conventionalknvennl: adj. 传统的; 守旧的; 习惯的traditional: adj. 传统的; 习俗的; 守旧的convenienceknvinns：n. 方便; 便利 convenientknvinnt：adj. 方便的; 便利的; 附近的11. assumption smpn: n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得assume sjum / sum: v. 假设; 获得; 承担12. intensentens: adj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的intense heat/pain: 酷热/剧痛fierce

7、fs: adj.猛烈的;激烈的eager: adj.热切的;渴望的;热心的;热情的anxious ks: adj. 不安的;焦虑的; 忧虑的; 热望的; 渴望的heated: adj. 温暖的; 激烈的; 情绪激动的13. overcome vkm ( overcame-overcome): vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜get over: 克服; 解决; 战胜14. expandkspnd: v. 扩大; 增加; 扩展; 发展(业务) expansion kspnn: n.扩张; 扩展; 扩大; 膨胀 15. outputatpt: n. 产量; 输出; 输出量vt. 输出(outputtin

8、g - output)inputnpt: n. 输入; 投入 v. 输入 (inputting - inputted/input)16. estimate estmt(n.), estmet(v.): vt./n. 估计; 估价; 估算establish stbl: v. 建立; 创立; 设立assess: v. 评估; 评定; 估算; 估定evaluate vljuet: v. 估计; 评价; 评估17. domesticdmestk: adj. 本国的; 国内的; 家用的; 家庭的family: n. 家; 家庭; 亲属; 家族abroad brd: adv. 国外; 外国at home

9、and abroad/overseas: 在国内外domestic affairs/politics/flight/market/reform: 国内事务/政治/航班/市场/改革18. consumptionknsmpn: n. 消耗; 消耗量; 消费consumeknsjum: v. 消耗; 吃; 饮; 喝; 烧毁19. comprisekmpraz: vt. 包括; 包含; 由组成 include nklud：v. 包含; 包括including: prep. 包括 containknten：v. 含有; 包含; 容纳; 控制; 克制prize praz：n. 奖品; 奖金; 奖赏pric

10、e pras: n. 价格; 代价praise prez: n./v. 表扬; 赞扬consist of sb/sth/doing.: 由组成/构成 (常用)be made up of sb/sth: 由组成/构成 (常用)be comprised of.: 包括; 包含; 由组成(或构成) (很正式)1)The study group comprises six students.2)The study group is comprised of six students.3)The study group is made up of six students.4)The study gro

11、up consists of six students.5)Six students make up/comprise the study group.20. generatedenret: vt. 产生; 引起generation denren: n. 代; 辈; 产生generaldenr()l：n. 将军; 上将adj. 大慨的; 全体的; 普遍的result in.: 导致cause: v. 引起; 造成generate/produce/make electricity: 发电generate power: 发电generate heat/power: 产生热/动力generate i

12、ncome/profit/wealth: 产生收益/利润/财富21. strainstren: n. (动、植物的)系; 品种; 拉伤; 压力pressure pre : n. 压力; 压强stressstres: n. 压力;紧张; 强调 vt. 强调;使经受压力species: n. 物种(单数复数相同)train tren: v. 培训; 训练; 锻炼 n. 火车 under strain/pressure/stress: 在压力下put a strain on.: 给某人增加压力/负担22. leisurele(r): n . 闲暇; 休闲; 空闲luxury lkri: n. 奢华;

13、 奢侈; 奢侈品leisure shoes/clothes: 便鞋/便服at leisure: 闲散; 悠闲;不慌不忙; 从容at ones leisure: 有空时; 空闲时; 方便时in ones spare/free time: 在的空闲时间里23. deep down: 在内心深处; 本质上; 实际上as a matter of fact = in fact/effect：实际/事实上1)Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart.2)We knowdeepdownthat we will make it.24. soils

14、l: n. 泥士; 土壤; 国土; 领土oil l：n. 油; 石油; 食用油territory tertri: n.领土; 版图; 领地floor: n. 地板; 地面 (室内的)ground: n. 土壤; 土地; 地; 地面(室外的)land: n. 农田; 陆地; 大地; 国土; 国家earth: n.土壤; 泥土; 大地; 陆地; 地面; 地球25. celebrity slebrti: n. 名望; 名誉; 名人; 名流celebrateselbret：v. 庆祝; 庆贺; 歌颂 26. envisionnvn: vt. 展望; 想象imagine mdn: v. 想象; 设想;

15、猜测; 认为imagination: n. 想象力; 想象image md: n. 图像; 形象; 印象; 声誉envision/imagine doing.: 想象做什么27. broom brum: n. 扫把; 扫帚; 金雀花room rm/r:m: n. 房间; 空间28. grainren: n. 谷物; 谷粒; 颗粒rice: n. 水稻; 大米 wheat: n. 小麦corn: n. 玉米 vegetable: n. 蔬菜a grain of wheat/rice/sand: 一粒小麦/大米/沙子a bag of grain: 一袋谷物29. vision vn: n. 想象;

16、 视力; 视野; 影像sight sat: n. 视力;景色eyesight asat：n. 视力imagination: n. 想象力; 想象image md: n. 图像; 形象; 印象have good/perfect/poor/ normal vision: 视力好/极好/差/正常30. reality rilti: n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实real ril rl：adj. 真的; 真正的; 真实的; 实在的really rl：adv. 真实地; 真正地; 事实上become a reality: 成为现实in reality: 事实上31. saltyslti: adj. 含盐

17、的; 咸的salt slt： n. 盐32. urbanbn: adj. 城市的; 都市的; 城镇的rural rrl: adj. 乡村的; 农村的 city: n. 大城市 town: n. 城镇countryside: n. 农村country: n. 农村; 乡村; 国家county: n. 县; 郡33. bombbm: n. 炸弹v. 轰炸; 对投炸弹a time bomb: 定时炸弹set off a bomb: 引爆炸弹go off = explode = blow up: 爆炸34. tunnel tnl: n. 地下通道; 地道; 隧道drive a tunnel: 开凿隧道

18、35. extensionkstenn: n. 扩建部分; 扩大; 电话分机extend kstend: v.伸长; 扩大; 扩展; 延长 36. chemical kemkl: adj. 与化学有关的; 化学的n.化学制品; 化学品chemistrykemstr：n. 化学 chemistkemst：n. 化学家; 药剂师physics fzks: n. 物理physical fzkl: adj. 物理的;身体的37. wheatwit: n. 小麦; 小麦籽sweatswet: v. 出汗 n. 汗水; 流汗flour fla: n. 面粉flower fla：n. 花steamed bu

19、n/bread: 馒头steamed stuffed bun: 包子noodle nudl：n. 面条38. flavor/flavourflev: n. 味道; 特点; 特色favour/favor feiv： n. 好意; 恩惠; 支持;赞同; 偏爱v. 赞同; 支持; 喜爱; 偏袒 favourite/favorite feivrit: adj. 最喜爱的 n. 最喜爱的事物/东西/人 smell smel: n. 气味; 味觉; 臭味 characterkrkt: n. 特性; 特点; 特色; 人物; 角色characteristic ,krktrstk: n. 特点; 特征; 特色3

20、9. fertilizer/fertiliser ftlaz(r): n. 肥料artificial/chemical/ organic fertilizer: 人工/化学/有机肥料40. nutritionalnjutrnl: adj. 营养(物)的nutritiousnjutrs: adj. 有营养的; 营养丰富的nutritionnjutrn: n. 营养; 滋养41. alleviate liviet: vt. 减轻; 缓解relieve rliv : vt. 缓解; 缓和; 减轻relief rlif: n.轻松; 宽慰; 解脱; 减轻; 缓解42. povertypvti: n.

21、贫穷; 贫困poor p：adj. 贫穷的; 贫瘠的;可怜的; 粗劣的live in poverty: 生活在贫困中(below/above) the poverty line: 贫困线(下/上)43. organic nk: adj. 有机的; 不使用化肥的; 有机物的organise/organize :gnaiz: v. 组织; 组建; 成立organisation/organization nazen: n. 组织; 机构; 组成; 团体; 协会44. pesticidepestsad: n. 杀虫剂; 除害药物pest pest: n.害虫; 害兽; 害鸟insect nsekt:

22、n.昆虫;虫; 可恶者;小人物45. widespread wadspred: adj. 分布广的; 普遍的; 广泛的wide: adj. 宽的; 宽阔的;广泛的spread (spread) : v. 摊开; 展开; 传播; 蔓延; 扩展46. in turn: 相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流in return for: 回报47. essentialsenl: adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的necessary nessr：adj. 必要的; 必须的important：adj. 重要的 vital vatl: adj. 极重要的; 必不可少的crucial krul: adj. 至关重要

23、的; 关键的48. alternativeltntv: n. 可供选择的事物adj. 可供替代的; 非传统的option: n. 选择choicets：n. 选择 choose tuz (chose, chosen)：v. 选择; 挑选alternative lifestyles/values: 非传统的生活方式/价值观have no alternative/choice/option but to do.: 除了做什么外别无选择; 只好做什么49. instancenstns: n. 例子; 实例; 事例example zmpl: n. 例子; 榜样; 标本in the first inst

24、ance/place: 第一; 首先50. for instance: 例如; 比如for example: 例如; 比如such as: 例如; 比如like: prep. 诸如; 比如像set an/a good example to/for sb: 为树立(好)榜样take for example = take as an example: 以为例make a contribution to 名词/doing.: 为.做贡献51. depthdep: n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度)deep：adj. 深的; 纵深的deeply: adv. 非常; 深深地deependipn: v

25、. (使)变深; 加深distancedstns：n. 距离; 远处52. entirelyntali: adv. 全部地; 完整地; 完全地entire: adj.全部的; 整个的; 完全的completely：完全地; 彻底地53. aspectspekt: n. 方面; 层面respect: v./n. 尊敬; 尊重 n. 方面; 细节in this/that aspect/respect: 在这/那方面in this/that way: 用这/那种方法; 这样/那样54.fulfil(fulfill)/realize/achieve ones dream: 实现梦想 (fulfille

26、d - fulfilling)55. that, those 代替前面的名词:that: 代物(单数/不可数名词)those: 代人/物(复数)than that/thoseas.as that/those1)Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers.2)The population of China is much larger than that of the USA.3)The car made in China is cheaper than that made i

27、n Germany. 4)The cars made in China are cheaper than those made in Germany. 5)The students in Senior Three are much taller than those in Junior One.6)The trees by the river are thicker(粗) than those/the ones on the hill.7)The climate of Beijing is as bad as that of Tianjin.8)The students in Class 9

28、study as hard as those in Class 10.56. act/serve/work as.: 担任After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher.57. given that + 陈述句: 鉴于; 考虑到given: prep. 鉴于; 考虑到1)Given that Yuans hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.2)Given that you are young, I

29、ll forgive you this time.3)Giventhatmyfriendsare all busy,Iwill have to go hiking alone.4)Given the factors above, I suggest that you quit the job at once.58. open up (the salty land): 开垦(盐碱地)59. advanced years: 高龄; 年事已高60. dream up: 虚构出; 凭空想出; 大胆想出61. a power plant/station: 发电厂; 发电站62.take on.: 承担;

30、 雇用; 呈现; 具有; 装载63. find/think/consider/feel/suppose/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 认为/使得做是My mother is very conventional and finds it hard toaccept the modern lifestyle that I enjoy.64. now that.: 既然; 由于65. besides： 除了.外, (还) (包含, 常与other, else等连用)but/except/except for: 除了(不包含, 常与all, every, no, none, noth

31、ing, nobody等连用)apart/aside from: 除了 (包含, 不包含)other than: 除了 (包含, 不包含)(不包含常与no, not,never,nothing,hardly等连用)1)You cant get to the island other than by boat.2)Shehasneverbeento abigcityotherthanChongqing.3)Other than one sister, she has no close relatives.4)OtherthanMr.Black,noneof them wasinjuredin t

32、hetraffic accident.5)Other than hybrid rice, what other hybrid products do you know? (此句是包含)6)English is now spoken in many countries other than Britain. (此句是包含)66. make up ones mind(s) (to do)：决定; 决心make up ones mind(s) that句子：决定; 决心(上面两个短语,主语是单数, mind用单数; 主语是复数, mind用复数或者单数均可)So they have made up

33、their minds to move to the countryside, where they can live a green life.67. stand at.: 达.的水平/数量/高度等1)According to our latest figures, world hunger stands at around 11% of the worlds population.2)The player stands at 2.45 m.3)Their foreign debt stands at 30 trillion dollars.68. without (a) doubt = b

34、eyond doubt: 毫无疑问Without doubt, the mobile phone is one of the most important inventions in modern times.69.no sooner.than.: 一.就.hardly/barely/scarcely.when/before.: 一.就.(两个句型的前句用过去完成时, 后句用一般过去时。no sooner, hardly/barely/scarcely放在句首, 句子要倒装 )1)The football match had hardly begun when/before it starte

35、d to rain hard.2)The football match had no sooner begun than it started to rain hard.3)Hardly had the football match begun when/before it started to rain hard.4)No sooner had the football match begun than it started to rain hard.70. (can) afford sth: 买得起(can) afford to do: 有钱/能力做1)Can you afford an

36、expensive car?2)I cant afford to go abroad for my holiday this summer.3)He couldnt afford one million dollars for a house in the city.71. would rather (not) do.: 宁愿(不)做什么would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B: 宁愿做A而不愿做BI would rather die than give up.72. in ones eyes/view/opinion:

37、 在某人看来=from ones point of view73. be in use: 在使用中74. as for.:至于; 就而言/而论as to.:关于; 至于; 有关; 依照 = according toas from/of.= fromforward/on/onwards: 自(何时)起 75. be rich/high/low/poor in.: 在方面丰富/高/低/差76. (be) free from/of.: 不受什么的伤害/影响; 不含; 没有1)This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemic

38、als.2)They want a society, free from poverty and disease and wars.77. nowhere near.: 离.远; 差得远; 远不及1)Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need.2)She has nowhere near recovered from her illness.3)He is nowhere near the person we are looking for.78. meet/fill/cover/satisfy ones need/demand

39、/requirement: 满足需要79. do a good/bad job (on sth): 干得好/差; (将什么)办好/糟do a good/bad job (in/of) doing.: 做什么干得好/差80. sound sand: v. 听起来; 看起来n. 声音; 响声 adj. 完好的; 健全的; 健康的; 正确的;深沉的; 香甜的; 酣畅的; 可靠的have a sound/fast sleep: 熟睡; 酣睡give sb a sound beating: 痛打某人一顿81. It will take/be 一段时间 before + 句子。 将需要/将过多少时间才做。

40、It took/was 一段时间 before + 句子。 花费了/过了多少时间才做了。 It is/has been 一段时间 since: 从以来多久了It was/had been 一段时间 since: 从以来多久了1)It has been centuries since Jia Sixie died.2)It is/has been thirty days since she left Africa.3)It was/had been five hours since they came to the city.82. .remain to be seen: 什么尚需看看83. s

41、tart up: 开始84. for sale: 出售; 待售on sale: 削价出售; 销售; 上市85. go towards.: 用于支付什么的部分款项The money they get from bananas goes towardsscholarships for students from poor areas.86. 本单元语法: 主语从句从句: 连词 + 陈述句主语从句: 在主从复合句中从句作主语。That + Whether + 陈述句 + 谓语部分.特殊疑问词 + It be + 形容词/名词/过去分词 + that/ whether(.) 句子.主语从句不缺意思,连

42、词用that; 主语从句表示 “是否”, 连词用whether, 不能用if; 在句型中, It是形式主语,that/whether等句子是真正主语。主语从句的连词通常不能省去。主语从句后通常用单数动词:单数动词: iswas hasdoes S动词复数动词: arewere havedo 动词原形what引导的主语从句:what在主语从句里,可以作主语,也可作宾语。what可翻译成: 某人所说的(话); 某人所做的(事/事情); 什么; 某人.的东西/事/事情, . what在下面的主语从句中作主语:What surprises/astonishes/shocks/delights/excites/interests/frightens/worries/disappoints/concerns/moves/touches/strikes sb. m