英译汉文学翻译技巧PPT课件.ppt
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1、1 现行本科翻译教材之主体内容大多都与“技能技巧”有关,虽然有学者对教材中罗列的翻译技巧(如增译法、减译法、分译法等)提出批评(翻译批评散论53-6153-61;英汉文学翻译探索171-188171-188),但译者都掌握并运用一定的翻译技能却是一个不争的事实。佛经翻译家玄奘当年就运用过“补充法”、“省略法”、“变位法”、“分合法”和“代词还原法”等翻译技巧(参见中国翻译简史66-6866-68),而道安的“五失本”从某种意义说也是技巧。2概况1您的内容打在这里,或者通过复制您的文本后。概况2您的内容打在这里,或者通过复制您的文本后。概况3您的内容打在这里,或者通过复制您的文本后。+整体概况3
2、 技能:掌握和运用专门技术的能力; 技巧:表现在艺术、工艺、体育等方面的 巧妙的技能。 培养学生的翻译技能,传授一些在翻译实践中行 之有效的技巧,这应该是大学本科笔译教学的一 项根本任务。当然,何谓行之有效的技巧,这是 我们要思考和探讨的问题。比如: He is a good teacher who makes no mistake. He is a good physician who cures himself.456 Its an ill bird that fouls its own nest.: A condemnation of a person who vilifies his
3、own family, country, etc. The Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs ed. by Jennifer Speake Its an ill bird that fouls its own nest: Only a foolish or dishonorable person would bring dishonor to his or her self or his or her surroundings. (See also foul ones own nest.) I dont like my new neighbor. Not only d
4、oes he never mow his lawn, he covers it with all kinds of trash. Its an ill bird that fouls its own nest. 他简直就是个邋遢鬼。 foul ones own nest: to harm ones own interests; to bring disadvantage upon oneself. The boss really dislikes Mary. She certainly fouled her own nest when she spread those rumors about
5、 him. 她肯定 是在散布老板的谣言时损害了自己的形象。(搬起石头砸自己的 脚,往自 己身上泼脏水,砸自家的招牌) 家丑不可外扬。Do not wash your dirty linen in public.7英谚中一种特殊句型的反译( (刘云波,1994-1,1994-1) It/He is + adj. + n. + that /who-clause 这种句型不同于一般含有定语从句的复合句,更不是强调句型,而是一种需要反译的特殊句型。其技巧在于:一、在主句中加“再”之类加强语气的词;二、that (who)-clause是肯定则译成否定,反之则译成肯定 翻译研究与技巧(从19801980
6、通讯-1991-1991) 翻译理论与技巧(从19921992年到20042004年) 译学研究(从20012001年第2 2期20062006年) 译论研究(从20072007年至20092009年)8 It is silly goose that comes to the foxs sermon. It is a bold mouse that nestles in cats ear. It is a sad heart that never rejoices. It is a foolish sheep that makes wolf his confessor. It is a goo
7、d horse that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles.6. It is a good tongue that says no ill, and a better heart that thinks none.7. It will be a forward cock that crows in the shell.8. He is an ill husband who is not missed.9. He is a good physician who cures himself.910、It is long lane
8、 that has no turning. 路必有弯。新英汉P.711;英汉大P.994/1071直译:不拐弯的路是长路。反诘:天下有不拐弯的路吗?归纳:(所以说)再长的路也会拐弯。It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. 再笨的鸟也不会弄脏自己的窝。It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. 再有害的风也未必对人人都有害。He is a good teacher who never makes mistake.再优秀的老师也会出错。10 由此可见,翻译的确有技巧不过我们应该记住四点:1、“我们的方法技巧不能有
9、悖于原则,我们的原 则不能有悖于标准,而我们的标准永远都不 能有悖于翻译之目的。”(英译汉的若干基 本原则,2004-1) 原则:as literal as possible, and only as free as necessary. (New Revised Standard Version) 凡有可能性就直译,唯有必要时才意译。 标准:信达雅;最接近、最自然 目的:让不懂原文的读者通过译文知道、了解甚至 欣赏原文的思想内容及其文体风格。11 既然严复用的是汉以前字法,释“信达雅”之本 义就不该用汉以后的引申义。而这三字在古汉 语中的本义是: 信者,言真也; 达者,通到也; 雅者,正也。
10、(王力, 1999: 226.1194.945) 严复说:“信达之外,求其尔雅”,证明“信达 雅”之“雅”即“尔雅”。 尔雅者,谓近于雅正也。(商务印书馆1998年 版古代汉语词典367页) 雅正者,合规范、纯正也。现汉1441页 faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance faithfulness, coherence, properness122、较之对原文的理解,翻译技巧始终处在次要 的地位。 ( Techniques of translation are always secondary to the understanding of the sour
11、ce text. Nida & Taber, 2004: ix) 然“天下之物,莫不有理,惟于理有未 穷,故其知有不尽也。”(比如双关)3、操千曲而后晓声,观千剑而后识器。 文心雕龙知音1314154 4、不能像教科书那样把技能技巧固化,正如中国 翻译20052005年4 4期“自学之友”导读在谈到翻译中 增删字词的情况时所说:“对正在学习翻译的人 来说,更重要的问题不是该不该对译文进行增删 调整,而是弄清楚翻译中的增删调整到底是怎么 回事儿,为何要“增”,为何要“删”,何时该 “增”,何时该“删”,如何“增”,如何“删”等 如果对翻译活动作最基本的概括就会发现,我们 翻译的并非语言,而是一个
12、个具体的文本,翻译 的基本层次主要体现在译文文字的细节处理上, 体现在对译文词句的调整和上。” 衬字法16 It vaguely seems to me that I am expected to perform an allotted task, but as to what it is I have no notion. And indeed, what have I done hitherto, in the years behind me? There are some books to show as increment, as something which was not any
13、where before I made it, and which even in bulk will replace my buried body, so that my life will be to mankind no loss materially. But the course of my life, when I look back, is as orderless as a trickle of water that is diverted and guided by every pebble and crevice and grass-root it encounters.
14、我隐约觉得此生被指望去履行一项既定使命,但这是项什么使命,我却一无所知。而且真正说来,我在过去的岁月里又有过什么作为呢?有那么几本书可显示为生命之赢余,可显示为在我创作其之前这世间未曾有过的东西,其体积甚至可置换我入土后的那副躯壳,从而使我生命之结束不致给人类造成物质损失。但当回首往昔,我发现自己的生命历程就像溪流之蜿蜒漫无定向,触石砄草根则避而改道,遇岩缝土隙则顺而流之。 17 And if any man should do wrong, merely out of ill- nature, why, yet it is but like the thorn or briar, which
15、 prick and scratch, because they can do no other.即令有人纯粹因为生性本恶而作了恶,那又怎 么样,也不过像荆棘一样;荆棘刺人抓人因为 它们不会作别的事啊。(商务版)即使真的有人仅仅是因为本性不好而作恶,又 怎么样呢?那也不过像荆棘或刺丛一样,它们 抓人刺人,只因为它们只能如此。(湖南版)即便有人纯然是出于恶性而作恶,那也不过像 荆棘藜楛一般,刺扎戳抓皆因没别的本事。 (参考译文)18We looked up toward a neighboring mountain-top, and saw exquisite prismatic colors
16、playing about some white clouds which were so delicate as to almost resemble gossamer webs. The faint pinks and greens were peculiarly beautiful; none of the colors were deep,they were the lightest shades. 我们眺望毗邻的一座山峰,但见轻纱薄幕般的白云间,闪烁着美妙无比的七色光彩。淡淡的红,淡淡的绿,色浅光淡,分外娇美;所有色彩都浅淡素雅,全然没有深沉的色调。当年某师范学院出版的“参考译文”将
17、这个并列句译作“全然没有深颜色,一律是最淡的” (1983,P.85)19 The situation is uncommonly beautiful, by the side of a fine river, whose streams are there very favourable for angling, surrounded by the remains of natural woods, and by hills abounding in game. 坐落在一条美丽的河边,那环境确实异常优雅,附近有适宜垂钓的溪汊浜湾,四周有残存下来的原始森林,河两岸还有鸟兽成群的绵亘山丘。20
18、Venus and Adonis L.289-300Look when* a painter would surpass the life In limning out a well-proportioned steed,His art with natures workmanship at strife,As if the dead the living should exceed So did this horse excel a common one In shape, in courage, color, pace, and bone.Round-hoofed, short-joint
19、ed, fetlocks shag and long,Broad breast, full eye, small head, and nostril wide,High crest, short ears, straight legs and passing strong ,Thin mane, thick tail, broad buttock, tender hide: Look what* a horse should have he did not lack, Save a proud rider on so proud a back._* Look when: just as whe
20、n, as when* Look what: whatever21曹译正如有位丹青能手,画坛大家,其艺可谓巧夺天工,出神入化,他绘出的骕骦駃騠皆骨肉匀停,画就的良驹往往胜过天生骏马 眼前这匹马就这般超凡脱俗,无论其形态风骨、色泽或步伐。蹄圆,骹短,肢长,距毛蓬松,胸阔,颅小,鼻宽,目光炯炯,脊高,耳短,腿直,筋骨健壮,鬣细,尾浓,臀阔,皮毛茸茸。良驹应具备的优点它一样不缺,只差一名英武的骑手跨骥骑龙。 _ 这里可能暗指擅长画马的希腊画 师尼孔(Nicon)。 漓江社维纳斯与阿多尼38页张译画家若想画一匹骨肉匀停的骏马,使它比起真的活马来还要增身价,那他的手笔,得比天工还精巧伟大,使笔下的死马,
21、远超过自然的活马。现在这匹马,论起骨骼、色泽、气质、步伐,胜过普通马,像画家的马,胜过天上的马。蹄子圆,骹骨短,距毛蒙茸、丛杂而翩翩胸脯阔,眼睛圆,头颅小,鼻孔宽,呼吸便,两耳小而尖,头颈昂而弯,四足直而健,鬣毛稀,尾毛密,皮肤光润,臀部肥又圆;看!马所应有的,他没有一样不具备完全,只少个骑马的人,高踞他阔背上的华鞍。 人民社莎全集第11卷第17页22刺扎戳抓 浅淡素雅 荆棘藜楛 溪汊浜湾 骕骦駃騠 石砄草根 善删者字去而意留,善敷者辞殊而意显。 文心雕龙熔裁 翻译中的衬字不同于汉语传统的“衬字”。传统的“衬字”是为了节奏和谐而增加虚词,翻译中的“衬字”主要也是为了译文节奏,但增加的是实义词(
22、对应原文的动词,形容词和复数名词)。23 no more than + 短语(从句) but Harsanyi declared that he had the soul of a shrimp, and could no more make an artist than a throat specialist could. (Song of the LarK. p.481) He knew no more about her than did the hundreds around him(Song of the LarK p.640) This country itself was sad
23、, he thought, looking about him,and you could no more change that than you could change the story in an unhappy human face. (One of Ours. p.1062)2425 but Harsanyi declared that he had the soul of a shrimp, and could no more make an artist than a throat specialist could. (p.481) 但豪沙尼断言说他心胸狭窄,不可能培养出歌唱
24、艺术 家,正如喉科专家培养不出歌唱艺术家一样。 (p.537/单卷本p.212) He knew no more about her than did the hundreds around him(p.640) 他不了解她,就像他周围的数百名观众不了解她一样。 (p.719/单卷本p.397) This country itself was sad, he thought, looking about him, and you could no more change that than you could change the story in an unhappy human face.
25、 (p.1062) 他环顾四周,心中暗想,这片土地本身就使人忧伤, 你不可能将其改变,就像你不可能改变刻在一副愁容上的 那个故事。(p.1192)26 We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it. 我们若不创造幸福,就无权享受幸福,正如不 创造财富就无权享受财富一样。 Hes no more your friend than Im your mother. 他不是你的朋友,就像我不是你母亲一样。 A fool can no
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