高中定语从句ppt课件.ppt

1、1定语定语定语定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句句 The black bike is mine. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. The boy in the room is Jack. It is a swimming pool.2定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而表示时，通常要前置。而由由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.The boy called Jim is my b

2、rother。The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?3定语从句定语从句 放在名词或代词名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副关系代词或关系副词词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修定语从句所修 饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫“关系词关系词”。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。4eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系

3、代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词5引导定语从句的引导定语从句的关系代词关系代词常见的有常见的有that, which,whowhom等。等。关系代词关系代词放在放在先行词和定语从句之间先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。 eg. The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room.主语主语I lost the book( that/which ) you gave me)

4、. 宾语宾语6Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machinea machinethat /which7The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green Who/that关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词8先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系1.A plane is a mach

5、ine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词

6、的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词9关系词关系词关系代词关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词关系副词: when, where, why关系代词：关系代词： 指物：指物：that which 指人：指人：who (主主/宾格宾格) that whom（宾格）（宾格）10关系代词关系代词that, which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句: 如果如果先行词先行词是表示物的是表示物的名词或代词名词或代词，关系，关系代词应用代词应用that、which. (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)11This is a bookI bought t

7、he book yesterday.This is the book which/that I bought yesterday.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has been found.which / that 指物，作主语，指物，作主语， 不能省不能省 。作宾语，。作宾语，可以省。可以省。12These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder which he is using ismade in Japan. 13He

8、 is the man (that) I told you about.A plane is a machine that can fly.14关系代词关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句: 如果如果先行词先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用系代词应用who, that (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语)whom (作作宾语宾语)15who / that 作主语作主语. (不能省不能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is the film s

9、tar who is very popular in China. (作主语作主语)/ that16who / whom / that 作宾语：作宾语：( 可省略可省略)The boy is my friend. .I m looking for the boyThe boy ( who/ whom/ that ) I m looking for is my friend.17The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.The man whom I nodded to

10、 is Mr. Li.18whose指人或物指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.19whose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语代替，但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+of which，或，或= of which + the + 名词。如：名词。如：The no

11、vel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting.20whose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，代替，但语序不同，即但语序不同，即whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+of whom，或，或= of whom + the + 名词。如：名词。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.

12、21先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系 = of which the door = the door of which They live in a house whose door is blue.eg: 他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。 = of whom the daughter = the daughter of whomeg: He is the lawyer whose daughter went abroad.22三三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法关系代词关系

13、代词 指代的先指代的先行词行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人或物人或物定语定语232. 关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点(1) that和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5种情况种情况只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which。当先行词中有人又有物时。如：当先行词中有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 当先行词为不定

14、代词当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：等时。如：This is all that I want from the school.24当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first lesson that I learned will ne

15、ver be forgotten.当先行词被当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等等修饰时。如：修饰时。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.25(2) that和和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用多用who。先行词为先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：等时。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行词为先行词为those, he和和people时。如：时。如：Those who want

16、to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.261.The girl _is standing who/that巩固练习：巩固练习： 用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空271.The family _ Im staying with lives in town.2.I know the student _ article was published.3.Betty, _ has never been abroad, is studying English ve

17、ry well.4.My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.6.Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.(which/ that)whosewho?thatwhich/ thatwhomwhom?省略省略28介词+关系代词 定语从句29I agree with the idea _ I agree with the idea _ you approv

18、e of you approve ofthatwhich（leave out)做做of 的宾语的宾语I agree with the idea（主句）（主句）_ You approve of whichI agree with the idea _ you approve ofof which这就叫介词这就叫介词提前提前的关系代词，的关系代词，prep+关系代词关系代词请还原请还原which 在从句中的位置在从句中的位置30 This is the boy. I played tennis _the boy yesterday. We ll go to hear the famous sing

19、er. We have often talked _the famous singer.withaboutThis is the boy whom /that/ / /who I played tennis with.We ll go to hear the famous singer whom /who /that / / we have often talked about. withabout31 This is the boy. I played tennis _the boy yesterday. We ll go to hear the famous singer. We have

20、 often talked _the famous singer.withaboutThis is the boy whom /that/ / /who I played tennis with.We ll go to hear the famous singer whom /who /that / / we have often talked about. withabout321. 根据从句中的动词搭配This is the book _ which you asked.注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了。我照顾的那个老人好多了。Th

21、e old man after whom I am looking is better. The old man whom I am looking after is better.介词介词+whom/which如如何判断介词何判断介词for33This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers desk.如何判断介词如何判断介词with2 根据先行词与介词搭配34五五. 关系副词关系副词when, where和和why的用法的用法关系副词关系副词指代的先行词指代的先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表时间的名

22、词表时间的名词/名词词组名词词组时间状语时间状语where表地点的名词表地点的名词/名词词组名词词组地点状语地点状语why表原因的名词表原因的名词原因状语原因状语35用关系副词用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，时，先行词指时间，when在定在定语从句中作时间状语，语从句中作时间状语，when可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War

23、broke out.1. when36用关系副词用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，时，先行词指地点，where在定在定语从句中作地点状语，语从句中作地点状语，where可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where37用关系副词用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，时，先行词指原因，why在定

24、语在定语从句中作原因状语，从句中作原因状语，why可换成可换成“介词介词+关系代关系代词词”。如：。如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why384. 关系副词的用法注意点关系副词的用法注意点(2)当当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合情况，境地，场合”等意思

25、时，其后常由等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：在句中作状语。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?39巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I live. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?wh

26、enon whichwherein whichwhyfor which40对比练习：用适当的关系词填空对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)412. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(

27、that/which)42 The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.43六六. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1. 非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用

28、逗号它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用隔开。不用that 引导引导My watch, which is very old, stopped again.442.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：试比较：This is the best book that I have read.This is a

29、good book, which is easy to understand.45(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词般用关系代词as或或which引导。引导。(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词限制性定语从句可以用关系代词tha

30、t引导，而非引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。限制性定语从句则不能。461.Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two.2.My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3.This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4.The weather turned out to be very good, that was out of our expect.whomwhosewhich47

31、单项选择单项选择1. The man _ you just talked to was a friend of mine.A. whom B. which D. whose D. where 2. The necklace _ my father bought me is very expensive.A. who B. whose C. that D. where3. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talking to C. th

32、e nurse is talking to D. that the nurse is talkingACB484. Ms. Ji _ loves us very much is our math teacher. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which5. The bike _was stolen. A. which my mother buys me B. who my mother bought me C. which my mother bought me D. that my mother buys me6. The dog _ owner is an old

33、 man is very lovely. A. which B. whose C. that D. who ACB491. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.504. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that511.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.52