英语北师大选修8课件：第22单元重点小结.pptx

1、-1-单元重点小结重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读1.trap vt.n.圈套;计谋 be trapped in被困住trap sb.into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事例如:How did he (骗你借给他钱) last week?2.reserve n.保护区vt. reserve sth.for sb.为某人预留某物make a reservation 预定without reservation 毫无保留地例如:Who will you (预留这个座位) for?3.look 展望未来 look around向四周看look down upon看不起look int

2、o调查look through浏览例如:The man (向四周看),but he saw nothing. 使困住,使陷入困境 trap you into lending him the money 保留,预定 reserve this seat ahead looked around 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读4.relevant adj. be relevant to.与相关例如:I dont know how the subject will (与这些孩子有关). 5.substitute n.代用品;代替品vt. substitute A for B 用A代替Bsu

3、bstitute B with A 用A代替B例如:Can I (用红色的球代替蓝色的球)?6.carry 掠去;夺走;成功地应付 carry on继续carry out 执行carry through 成功完成例如:It was a young girl that (夺走这个大奖). 有关的 be relevant to these children 用替代/顶替 substitute the red ball for the blue ball/the blue ball withwith the red ball off carried off the big prize 重点词汇重点句

4、型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读7.result 导致 result from起因于as a result 结果as a result of 因为例如:This big accident (导致他被解雇). 8.adopt vt. adopted adj.被收养的adoption n.收养例如:It is said that the boy (十年前被收养). 9.break away 摆脱,脱离 break down抛锚break down身体垮掉break into破门而入break out爆发break up分手break through突破break off中止例如:The man tr

5、ied to (从警察手里挣脱),but in vain. in resulted in his being fired 采用,收养 was adopted ten years ago from break away from the policeman 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读1.Without these naturally occurring gases,the suns rays leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on. 要是没有这些自然产生的气体,太阳光线就会反射回太空中,使得地球寒冷,(人类)不可能在上面

6、生存。2.Increased temperatures will also cause the polar ice to melt,. 温度升高还会引起极地冰山融化,海平面上升,从而淹没很多岛屿和城市。3.Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, the US,and Central America. 暴风雨愈发肆虐,越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。would bounce back into space raising sea levels and flooding many islands and cities with a growin

7、g number of hurricanes hitting 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读4.Many people thought that permission wouldnt be given,and some thought the project .许多人认为是不会给予这种许可的,也有一些人认为这项工程本来就不应该被允许。should never have been allowed 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读一、转述结构1.近来的报告警告,全球变暖会导致可怕的气候变化。 global warming will cause terrible clima

8、te changes. 2.科学家发现,地球的气温被温室气体控制。 the temperature of the Earth is controlled by greenhouse gases. 3.他命令你立刻站起来。He ordered you . Recent reports warned that Scientists found thatto stand up immediately 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读二、被动语态4.他们最壮观的工程之一被叫做包围岛屿。One of their most spectacular projects . 5.两三个新工程现在被戴

9、维和他的团队开发。Two or three new projects by David and his team. was called Surrounded Islands are currently being developed 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读Talking about the weather (谈论天气)(1)It looks like its going to be sunny.(2)Yes,its much better than yesterday.(3)They say were going to get some rain later.(4)I

10、think its going to be a nice day.(5)Its certainly a big improvement over yesterday.(6)But its supposed to get cloudy and windy again this afternoon.(7)Well,the worst of the winter should be over.(8)It seems to be clearing up.(9)I really dont think this weather will last.(10)Lets just hope it doesnt

11、get cold again.(11)I wish it would stay this way for the weekend.(12)As long as it doesnt snow!重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读浅谈词义猜测题解题策略浅谈词义猜测题解题策略一、题型解读词义猜测题主要考查根据构词、定义、对比、因果、联想等线索理解词义的能力。常见的考查形式有生词词义、旧词新义、代词的指代、短语的引申义、句子含义等。做这类题目时,要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文,所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。重点词汇重点句型重点语

12、法功能走近高考拓展阅读二、解题策略1.单词或短语猜测题此题型考查考生对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测能力。要求考生利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,猜测出某个特定单词或短语的意思。做此类题目常用的方法有:(1)根据定义进行猜测。一般情况下,文章中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面会接着出现解释性的文字(一般是同位语、定语从句、定义等),这就是解题的主要依据。(2)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中,有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词,如果掌握了一定的构词知识,就不难猜出它的词义。(3)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中,根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因。重

13、点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读(4)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词,如but,however,otherwise等可知前后句存在转折关系,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。常见的设题形式:(1)The underlined word in the second paragraph means “”. (2)Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?(3)The underlined word “” in Par

14、agraph 2 can best be replaced by “”. (4)What does the phrase “” in Paragraph 1 mean?重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读【典题例析】(2016全国高考,C篇)I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012,Ive done 89 tripsof those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because

15、 Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient,weve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读Which of the following can replace the underlined

16、word “courier” in Paragraph 1?A.providerB.delivery manC.collectorD.medical doctor解析:B词义猜测题。根据本段中的“ Ive done 89 trips”和“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box”以及下文中的内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人,也就是delivery man。故选B项。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读2.句意猜测题句意猜测题大多考查一个句子的寓意,而非字面含义,且与文章主旨或段落主题密切相关。做此类题的常用方法如下:(1)阅读

17、文章,对句子进行语法和词义上的准确分析,并依据文章主旨或段落主题深层次地理解句子含义。(2)将所理解的句意和所给选项进行比较。一般来说,正确选项的意思与原句的意思相同,只不过是用了其他的英语词汇表述出来而已。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读常见的设题形式:(1)The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “”. (2)What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?(3)Which of the following best explains the underl

18、ined part in the last paragraph?重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读3.代词指代题代词指代题旨在考查考生对阅读素材的理解和把握能力。文章中的代词it,that,he,him,them 等可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的对象。做此类题可采用下列方法:(1)准确理解画线部分代词所在的句子的意思。如果不能解决问题,那么还要准确理解该句子前一两个句子的意思。(2)理解句子的意思后,要将注意力放在画线代词所在句子的前半部分的名词或名词性短语上。

19、如果不能解决问题,则应注意该句子前一两个句子中的名词或名词性短语。(3)将确定的答案替代画线部分的代词,看句子的意思是否通顺,逻辑关系是否成立。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读【典题例析】(2016全国高考,C篇).Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a publ

20、ic place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.解析:A根据此段中的“.hoping that the book will

21、have an adventure,traveling far and wide.”可知,此处的“it”指的是“the book”。故选A项。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读【文章导语】 全球变暖导致了很多灾难。关于全球变暖的危害,科学家又有了新的发现:全球变暖会使人类变矮。People around the world may feel that the climate has been getting steadily warmer and warmer in recent years.Places which used to be abundant in snowfall h

22、ave frequently experienced snow-free winters.Drought lasts longer in some dry areas.People find that without air conditioners they could hardly work or fall asleep on hot summer days.The side effects of global warming are alarming.A warmer global climate melts the ice caps,raising sea levels.What is

23、 more,it disturbs weather patterns,causing droughts,severe storms and hurricanes.People suffer a lot from disasters relevant to global warming.Here is another discovery about global warming.重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读Global warming could make humans shorter,warn scientists who claim to have found evidenc

24、e that it caused the worlds first horses to shrink nearly 50 million years ago.In fact,a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the Earth heating up and the size of mammalshorses,in this case,the last time the world heated up.The scientists used fossils t

25、o follow the evolution of horses from their earliest appearance 56 million years ago.As temperatures went up their size went down,and vice versa;at one point they were as small as a house cat,said Dr Jonathan Bloch,curator of the Florida Museum of Natural History.The scientists say that the current

26、warming could have the same effect on mammalsand could even make humans smaller.重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读“Horses started out small,about the size of a small dog like a miniature schnauzer.Whats surprising is that after they first appeared,they then became even smaller and then dramatically increased in

27、 size,and that exactly corresponds to the global warming event,followed by cooling.“It had been known that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm,but we hadnt understood that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size,” Dr Bloch said in the “Science” journal.重点

28、词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读译文全世界的人或许觉得近几年气候正逐步变得越来越暖和。过去降雪丰富的地方已经经常经历无雪的冬天了。干旱在一些较干的地区持续时间更长了。人们发现,没有空调他们几乎无法在炎热的夏日里工作或入睡。全球变暖的副作用在敲响警钟。更暖和的气候使冰块融化,海平面上升。而且,全球变暖扰乱了天气模式,导致干旱、严重的暴雨和飓风。与全球变暖有关的灾难使人们受了很多苦。这里有关于全球变暖的另一个发现。科学家警告说,全球变暖可能会使人类变矮。科学家宣称已经找到证据:近5000万年前全球变暖就曾让世界上最早的马个头变小。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读事实上,来自佛罗

29、里达州和内布拉斯加州的大学的一支研究团队称,他们已经找到地球变暖和哺乳动物个头之间的联系。这一案例中马变矮的现象是上一次全球变暖时发生的。科学家用化石来追溯马从5600万年前诞生至今的进化历程。随着气温的上升,马的个头变小;反之,气温下降,马的个头就变大。佛罗里达自然历史博物馆馆长乔纳森布洛赫博士说,它们曾一度像家猫那么小。科学家称,当前的全球变暖可能也会对哺乳动物产生同样的影响,甚至可能会让人类的个子也变小。布洛赫博士在科学杂志中写道:“马最初的个头很小,和一只小狗的个头差不多,大约也就像一只迷你型雪纳瑞犬那么大。令人惊讶的是,在马诞生后过了一段时间,它们的个子变得更小,之后个头又显著变大,

30、而这些变化与全球变暖既而变冷正好是相对应的。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读 “我们已经知道哺乳动物在那个时期个头较小,而那个时期气候也较暖,但我们还未意识到正是温度驱动着身体大小的进化。”词海拾贝1.abundantbndnt adj.丰富的,大量的2.mammal mml n.哺乳动物3.curator kjreIt n.馆长4.quote kwt v.引用5.miniature schnauzer迷你型雪纳瑞犬6.correspond krspnd v.符合;相一致重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走近高考拓展阅读理解诱思1.What has caused some ice caps to melt according to the passage?A.Storms.B.Hurricanes.C.Global warming. D.Polar bears.2.Whats your opinion about global warmings influence?Why?答案:C 答案:略