unit2-grammar被动语态课件..ppt

1、 Revision of The passive Infinitive语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态。语态。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。一、被动语态：被动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变当主动句变为被动句时

2、，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by by 的的宾语。宾语。二、被动语态的一般结构：即：be+ done (+ by)“be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”在被动句中有时用在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。例如：词组，有时不用。例如：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。是莎士比亚写的。The task has been finished. 任务已经完成了。任务已经完成了。结构： be+ done (+ by)一般现在时：一般现在时： am / is / are doneam

3、 / is / are done一般过去时：一般过去时： was / were donewas / were done现在进行时：现在进行时： am / is / are being doneam / is / are being done过去进行时：过去进行时： was / were being donewas / were being done现在完成时：现在完成时： have / has been donehave / has been done过去完成时：过去完成时： had been donehad been done一般将来时：一般将来时： shall / will be done

4、 ; be going shall / will be done ; be going to be doneto be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must can / must / have tobe done/ have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。This book was written in 1969. 这本书是这本书是1969年写成的。年写成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车

5、正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。这支钢笔已经用了几年。He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。他说这家工厂已经开张。The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。工作将于三小时后完成。The

6、 baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。三、各种时态的被动语态：1.含有双宾语的主动句的转换含有双宾语的主动句的转换I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).四、四、 主动变被动中的几个问题：主动变被动中的几个问题：2. 2. 含有动词短语的句

7、子转换。含有动词短语的句子转换。They have never listened to him. 人家从不听人家从不听他的话。他的话。He has never been listened to.练习：练习： They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of by them.注意注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一 个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。He made me do the work.I was made to do the work by him.

8、3. 主动句中动词不带主动句中动词不带to, 但在被动句中带但在被动句中带to的几种情况：的几种情况：练习：练习： we heard him say good-bye to his friends.He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.注意：注意：make, feel, let, hear, see, watch等词等词 在在主动句中动词不带主动句中动词不带to, 但在被动句中要带但在被动句中要带to语态转换(Give the students some minutes to discuss)1.He teaches English in ou

9、r school.2.She gave me a book. English is taught in our school by him.I was given a book by her./A book was given to me byher.口诀口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。口诀口诀2：如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)3.He made me do the work.I was made to do the work by him.口诀口诀3：这些动

10、词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch)4.They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of by them.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 不定式有时态和语态的变化，不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主进行式和完成进行式。语态分为

11、主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。语态语态 时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have done to have been done进行式进行式 to be doing/完成进行式完成进行式 to have been doing/ 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行表达的动作的承受者时用被

12、动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。式和完成进行式没有被动语态。 1作主语：作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good thing. 2作宾语：作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.I wish to be sent to work in the famous hospital. 一一 当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，不定时当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的

13、承受者时，不定时一般要用被动形式。一般要用被动形式。3构成复合宾语：构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.4构成复合谓语：构成复合谓语： The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5作定语：作定语： Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office? Do you have anything to b

14、e sent?6作状语：作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.In the noisy hall he had to shout to be heard.当不定式与它所修饰的名词为动宾关系时一当不定式与它所修饰的名词为动宾关系时一般用被动形式。般用被动形式。It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）（主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语宾语)）He thought it an honour

15、to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）（复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）（复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）（定语） 不定式的动作与句子谓语同时用不定式的动作与句子谓语同时用to be done;先于谓语用先于谓语用to have been done.三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1在在there be结构中

16、。结构中。例如：例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost).三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1在在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构中。结构中。常用的形容词有常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。等。例如：例如：H

17、e is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with2.在在“tooto do; enoughto”结结构中。构中。如：如：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.3在在“with+n+to do”结构中。结构中。例如：例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do，I cant go to the

18、cinema4当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 例如：例如： I have a letter to type today (I是是to type的逻辑主语的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say? (you是是to say的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)5当不定式隐含在当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中结构中 时。时。例如：例如：This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we

19、leave the house6一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 常见的这类动词有常见的这类动词有let(出租出租)，rent， hire，blame等。等。例如：例如： The house is to let I felt l was to blame.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。用主动语态形式来表示。 I have three motors to re

20、pair today.The task is difficult to finish on time.不定式的被动语态，不定式的被动语态，V-ing的被动及物动的被动及物动词过去分词的不同点：词过去分词的不同点： The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important. (表将来） The question being discussed now is a very important one.（表正在进行） The question discussed at yesterdays meeting is very

21、important one.（表示发生在过去或已经完成） 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seenExercise B 2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only_ that the meeting had been put off. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D.

22、 toldB 3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears_ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been toldD 4. Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. takingA 5. It is said that plastics can be used to_ many thing

23、s. Now people are used to_ plastics products. A. make; using B. making; using C. making; use D. make; useA 6. With a lot of problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settledC7. He_ and was made to repeat it. A. didnt understand B. didn

24、t be understood C. wasnt understand D. wasnt understoodD 8. The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks. A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doingD 9. Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are re

25、questing D. are requestedD 10. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. servedB1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 不定式与高考题不定式与高考题2. Ive work

26、ed with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (MET2000) A. Expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (MET2001) A. to see B. seen C. seeing D. to be seen 4. Allen had to call

27、 a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much5._late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考年北京春季高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 6.With a lot of difficult problems _,the

28、 newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002年上海春季高考年上海春季高考) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled7. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考上海春季高考) A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing8. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are trying _their products more competitive. ( 2002上海春季高考上海春季高考) A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made