最新人教版八年级英语下册单元语法精讲精练课件全套.ppt

1、Unit 1Whats the matter?单元同步语法精讲精练单元同步语法精讲精练最新人教版八年级英语下册单元语法精讲讲练全套概念及组成反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词宾格形式，加词尾self或selves组成。 用法反射用法这种用法通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。它在句中作宾语，不能省略，否则该句是一个结构不完整的错句。eg：Jane is too young to look after herself.简年纪太小，以至于不能照顾自己。I teach myself English.我自学英语。强调用法反身代词在强调用法中表示

2、强调，即用来加强某个名词或者代词的语气，可译为“亲自；本人”。此时，它在句中作同位语，即使去掉，也不影响句子的完整性。eg：I myself did the homework last night.昨晚是我自己做的家庭作业。(作主语同位语，可紧跟主语之后，也可置于句末)You can go and ask John himself.你可以去问约翰本人。(作宾语同位语，紧跟在宾语之后)【拓展】含反身代词的常见短语：learn sth.by oneself自学enjoy oneself玩得开心help oneself to随便吃leave sb.by oneself把某人单独留下improve o

3、neself提高自己look after oneself照顾自己should情态动词，意为“应该，应当”，可用于各种人称，无人称和数的变化，也不能单独作谓语，只能和动词原形连用。其否定形式为shouldnt。变一般疑问句时，should应提到主语之前。其用法如下：表示责任和义务、劝告和提出建议时。eg：We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。You should drink lots of water.你应该喝大量的水。表示命令和要求时，语气比较强烈。eg：You shouldnt be so careless.你不应该这么粗心。表示预测和可能性。eg：He should

4、be a teacher.他应该是一名老师。 一、根据句意一、根据句意，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1I have a sore throat.I think you should _ (go) to a doctor now.2They finished their homework by _ (they)3Jim enjoyed _(him) in the park yesterday afternoon.4Help _(your) to some beef，boys.5She hurt _(her) playing volleyball yesterd

5、ay afternoon.gothemselveshimselfyourselvesherself二、句型转换。二、句型转换。6I should put some sugar into the tea.(改为否定句改为否定句)I _ any sugar into the tea.7Should I visit him this weekend？(作否定回答作否定回答)No，_8She should buy_a_new_TV.(对画线部分提问对画线部分提问)_ she_?9Linda should exercise every day to keep healthy.(改为一般疑问句改为一般疑问

6、句)_ every day to keep healthy?10You should get to the zoo at_9：00_am.(对画线部分提问对画线部分提问)_ we get to the park?shouldnt put you shouldntWhat should doShould Linda exercise When should 三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子翻译。三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子翻译。11我们应该相互学习。我们应该相互学习。We _ from each other.12苏珊不应该看太长时间的电视。苏珊不应该看太长时间的电视。Susan _ TV too l

7、ong.13我应该早点上床睡觉吗？我应该早点上床睡觉吗？是的是的，你应该。你应该。_ to bed early?Yes，you _14相信自己相信自己，你一定能做好的。你一定能做好的。Believe _You can do it well.should learn shouldnt watch Should I go shouldin yourself15我认为我能照顾好我自己。我认为我能照顾好我自己。I think I can _ well.look after myself Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks.单元同步语法精讲精练单元同步语法

8、精讲精练 概述动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。其基本形式为“to动词原形”，有时to可以省略；其否定形式由“not动词不定式”构成。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语等。常见用法动词不定式作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式放在句尾。动词不定式作宾语有些动词，如plan，want，agree，decide等，可接动词不定式作宾语。动词不定式作宾语补足语有些动词可接动词不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，tell，want等。eg：I tell him to arrive on Sunday.我让

9、他周日到达。【注意】在有一些动词后用作宾语补足语时，不定式通常不带to。这些动词一类是感官动词，常见的有see，hear，watch，feel，notice等；另一类是使役动词，常见的有let，make，have等。动词不定式作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中用作状语。放在句首或句尾表示目的等。eg：To catch the train，he got up early.He got up early to catch the train.为了赶火车，他早早地起了床。放在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面，作原因状语。eg：Im sorry to hear that.听到那件事我很难过

10、。用在too.to.结构中，作结果状语。eg：He is too young to understand all that.他太年轻了，不能理解那一切。动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。eg：I have nothing to say on this question.在这个问题上我没什么要说的。【拓展】动词不定式还可以和what，which，where，when等疑问词连用，在句中作主语、表语和宾语。eg：When to start is not decided yet.还没决定什么时候开始。(作主语)The problem is where to have

11、 the party.问题是去哪儿举办聚会。(作表语)I dont know where to go.我不知道去哪儿。(作宾语) 概述概述短语动词是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。短语动词的搭配可分为六种基本类型。 基本类型基本类型动词介词动词与介词构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，其宾语位置比较固定，一般都位于介词之后。常见的此类介词有for，about，of，after，from，into，to，with，at等。eg：wait for等待；look after照顾look for寻找；hear from收到某人的来信动词副词这类短语动词有的可用作及物动词，有的可

12、用作不及物动词。当用作及物动词且其宾语是名词时，该宾语可位于短语动词之后，也可位于短语动词之间；当其宾语是代词时，则该宾语只能置于短语动词中间。常见的此类副词有away，out，off，up，down，back，in，along等。eg：cheer up振奋起来；clean up打扫干净put up张贴；举起；get up起床turn up调大；make up编造stay up熬夜；take up开始做动词副词介词这类短语相当于一个及物动词，所带宾语总是位于介词之后。eg：run out of用完，耗尽；get out of离开，从出来；look forward to盼望，期待；come up

13、 with想出动词名词这类短语中常见的动词有have，take，give，make等。eg：have a rest休息一下；take a walk散步make a wish许愿；take a message捎个口信动词名词介词这类短语相当于一个及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后。eg：have a look at看一看；make friends with与交朋友be形容词介词这类短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词之后。eg：be good at擅长于；be good with对有办法；be interested in对感兴趣一、根据句意一、根据句意，用括号中所给单词的适当

14、形式填空。用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1The Browns decided _(travel) to Penang in Malaysia.2The teacher asked me _(answer) the question in English.3The workers wear dark glasses _(keep) their eyes safe.4Could you tell me what _ (do) next?5Mr. Green told the boy not _ (come) to school late again.6Do they have any good

15、 ideas _ (help) the homeless people?to travel to answer to keep to do to come to help 二、单项选择。二、单项选择。7We advise parents _ _ their children at home alone.(广东中考广东中考)Anot leaveBnot to leaveCleave Dto leave8I was tired out，so I stopped the car _ _ a short rest.(襄阳中考襄阳中考)Ahave Bhaving Cto have Dhad9We sho

16、uld do what we can _ _ our English.(锦州中考锦州中考)Aimprove BimprovedCto improve DImproving10We have to _ _ the sports meeting because of the bad weather.(吉林中考吉林中考)Aput on Bput offCput out Dput awayBCCB11When I got to the bus stop，I missed the early bus and I had to _ _ the next one.(山东中考山东中考)Agive up Bke

17、ep offCcall off Dwait for12“Learning from Lei Feng Day” is only two weeks from now.We need to _ _ a plan about it.(菏泽中考菏泽中考)Acome up with Bput upCcall up Dturn up13Bob is taking the desks away because they _ _ too much room.(天津中考天津中考)Astand up Bpick upCtake up Dlisten upDAC三、根据汉语意思完成下列句子翻译。三、根据汉语意思完

18、成下列句子翻译。14为了能在这里野餐为了能在这里野餐，我们需要把这个地方打扫干净。我们需要把这个地方打扫干净。We need to _ this place _ a picnic here.15我觉得你可以去度假让自己振奋起来。我觉得你可以去度假让自己振奋起来。I think you can take a holiday _16他们贴了一张通知以便让每个人都知道这个决定。他们贴了一张通知以便让每个人都知道这个决定。They _ a notice _ everyone know the decision.clean up to have to cheer yourself upput up to

19、 let/make 本课时其他知识点精讲精练本课时其他知识点精讲精练 raise动词动词，意为意为“筹集；征集筹集；征集”。eg：They are raising money for the poor.他们正在为穷人募捐。他们正在为穷人募捐。【拓展【拓展】raise作动词作动词，还可意为还可意为“举起举起，抬起；养育抬起；养育，饲养饲养，种植；种植；提高提高，升高升高”等。等。 重点短语归纳重点短语归纳put up举起；张贴；建造举起；张贴；建造at least至少至少be worried about为为担心担心stop doing sth.停止做停止做(正在做的正在做的)某事某事stop t

20、o do sth.停下来去做停下来去做(别的别的)某事某事1Sally，stop _ _ TV！Its time to go to bed.OK，Mum.AwatchBto watchCwatching Dwatched2The old man has no children，so he lives _ _，but he never feels _.Aalone；lonely Blonely；lonelyClonely；alone Dalone；alone3They want to _(筹钱筹钱) for building a school.4She is _(参加参加选拔选拔) the sc

21、hool soccer team.5Her father is always _(忙于忙于) his work.6Hes _ (担心担心) his sick mother.CAraise money trying out for busy with worried about Unit 3Could you please clean your room?单元同步语法精讲精练单元同步语法精讲精练情态动词could构成的句型用于向对方提出请求或征求对方的许可，表示委婉的语气。委婉地表示请求别人做某事时用：Could you (please) do sth.？此句型的肯定答语用：Yes，sure./

22、Yes，I can./Of course，I can./No problem./With pleasure.等；否定答语用：Sorry，I cant.I have to./Sorry，Im going to./Im afraid I cant.I have to.等。总之，答语没有固定的形式，但要符合上下文的语境。eg：Could you please make your bed？请你整理你的床铺好吗？Yes，sure.好的，当然可以。委婉地表示请求别人允许自己做某事时用：Could I do sth.？此句型一般不在I后加please。肯定答语用：Yes，you can./Yes，pleas

23、e.等；否定答语用：Sorry，you cant./Im afraid you cant.等。eg：Could I go to the movies？我可以去看电影吗？Yes，you can.是的，你可以。【注意】无论是Could you please.？还是Could I.？句型，其答语中一般避免使用could来回答。一、单项选择。一、单项选择。1_ _ I close the window？Its cold here.AMust BWillCCould DWould2Could I bring a friend to your birthday party?Sure，_ _(安徽中考安徽中

24、考)Ano problem Bnot at allCmy pleasure Dwell done3Could you please sweep the floor？Im going to cook dinner._ _Ill do it at once，Mom.(锦州中考锦州中考)AIm afraid not BI hope soCThats all right DWith pleasureCAD4Could I borrow your bike，please?_ _(鞍山中考鞍山中考)AOf course you can BIt doesnt matterCYes，Id love to DN

25、o，thank you5Could you please do the dishes?_ _Im busy with my homework.AYes，you can BYes，I canCSorry，you cant DSorry，I cantAD二、按要求完成下列句子。二、按要求完成下列句子。6Could you please pass me the salt？(改为否定句改为否定句)Could you please _ me the salt?7Could you please clean the living room？(作否定回答作否定回答)_，I _8How about going

26、 out for lunch with Jack？(用用could改写句子改写句子)_ we _ for lunch with Jack?not pass No/SorrycantCouldgo out 本课时其他知识点精讲精练本课时其他知识点精讲精练 【辨析【辨析】borrow，lend与与keepborrow指向别人借东西指向别人借东西，即即“借入借入”。常用于词组。常用于词组borrow sth.from sb.或或borrow ones sth.中。中。lend指把东西借给别人指把东西借给别人，即即“借出借出”。常用于词组。常用于词组lend sth.to sb.或或lend sb.s

27、th.中。中。keep表示表示“借借”，为延续性动词为延续性动词，通常和通常和“for一段时间一段时间”连用连用，表示表示“借某物多长时间借某物多长时间”。 while连词连词，意为意为“当当的时候；在的时候；在期间期间”，表示在某一段表示在某一段时间里某动作或状态是延续的。时间里某动作或状态是延续的。eg：Please look after my pet dog while Im in Shanghai.我在上海期间我在上海期间请照顾我的宠物狗。请照顾我的宠物狗。 重点短语归纳重点短语归纳pass sb. sth.pass sth. to sb.把某物传给把某物传给/递给某人递给某人fini

28、sh doing sth.结束做某事结束做某事hate to do/doing sth.讨厌做某事讨厌做某事1She cut her _ (手指手指) on a piece of glass.2_ (递递) the newspaper to me，please.3_ (当当的时候的时候) we were in Beijing，we saw him twice.4My brother Tom hates _ (do) the dishes.5Can I _ your bike?With pleasure. But you mustnt _ it to others.(易错题易错题)Alend；b

29、orrowBborrow；lendClend；lend Dborrow；borrowfinger(s) PassWhileto do/doing BUnit 4Why dont you talk to your parents?单元同步语法精讲精练单元同步语法精讲精练“should动词原形”表示“应该/应当做某事”。“could动词原形”表示“可以做某事”。should和could都可用来提出建议，表示轻微的批评或遗憾，但could语气更委婉、客气。should意为“应当/应该”；could意为“可以/可能”。eg：You shouldnt argue with your parents！你不

30、应该和你父母争吵。You could be more careful.你可以更仔细些。当征求别人意见时，常用should。eg：What should I do？我该做什么？although意为“尽管/虽然”，相当于though，用来引导让步状语从句。句中用了although或though，就不可再用but。若要强调前后两部分的对比意义，可在主句前加yet或still。eg：Although/Though he has a lot of money，yet/still he is unhappy.他虽然有很多钱，但并不幸福。so that意为“目的是/为的是/以便”，引导目的状语从句，从句中通

31、常含情态动词can，may，might等。eg：He got up very early so that he could catch the early bus.他起床很早，为的是能赶上早班公共汽车。【拓展】so that引导的目的状语从句可与in order that或in order to结构相互转换。until与延续性动词连用时，动词用肯定形式，表示“直到为止”，指主句的动作一直持续到until后的动作发生为止；与短暂性动词连用时，动词须用否定形式，意为“直到才”，指主句的动作一直到until后的动作发生时才发生。eg：I waited until 3：00，but he didnt

32、come.我一直等到3点，但他没来。(wait为延续性动词)The noise of the street didnt stop until midnight.街上的喧闹声一直到半夜才停止。(stop为短暂性动词)一、单项选择。1Why not go to Lao She Teahouse tonight?_ _(鞍山中考)AIt doesnt matterBThank youCSorry to hear that DSounds great2What about having a drink?_ _(杭州中考)AHelp yourself BNever mindCYoure right DG

33、ood idea3Shall we go to Alberta for the summer holiday?_Its one of the worlds cleanest cities.(襄阳中考)ASounds great BNot at allCYoure kidding DYoure welcomeDDA4We will keep trying _ _ our dreams come true.(铁岭中考)AasBwhen CwhileDuntil5I really enjoyed your speech (演讲)，_ _ there were some parts I didnt q

34、uite understand.(营口中考)Abecause BunlessCalthough Dafter6The teacher asked me to read aloud (大声地) _ _ all the students could hear me.Aso that BforCbecause Din order toDCA二、根据汉语意思完成下列句子翻译。二、根据汉语意思完成下列句子翻译。7尽管它尝起来很美味尽管它尝起来很美味，你也不应该吃得太多。你也不应该吃得太多。_ delicious，you should not eat too much.8为了让我有更多的时间学习为了让我有

35、更多的时间学习，我父母不让我看电视。我父母不让我看电视。My parents dont let me watch TV _ I can have more time to study.9为什么你不和我们一起去运动中心呢？为什么你不和我们一起去运动中心呢？_ to the sports center with us?10我昨晚在网上看完电影我昨晚在网上看完电影小时代小时代才睡觉。才睡觉。I _ go to bed _I finished watching the movie Tiny Times on the Internet last night.11你不应该再抄袭她的作业了。你不应该再抄袭她

36、的作业了。You _ her homework _Although/Though it tastes so that Why dont you go didntuntilshouldnt copy anymoreUnit 5What were you doing when the rainstorm came?单元同步语法精讲精练单元同步语法精讲精练 定义：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。 构成：was/wereving(第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was，其余用were) 句型结构肯定句：主语was/wereving其他否定句：主语was/werenotving其他一般疑问句

37、：Was/Were主语ving其他？回答：Yes，主语was/were；No，主语wasnt/werent. 常用的时间状语at that time，this time yesterday，at the time of.，when一般过去时的时间状语从句等。 与一般过去时的区别过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作，强调动作正在进行；一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，多侧重于动作已经完成。When引导的时间状语从句：说明一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行；也可表示某一动作正在进行时，另一动作发生了。eg：When the teacher came into the classroom

38、，we were reading English.当老师走进教室时，我们正在读英语。When Kate was flying a kite，she found a wallet lying on the ground.当凯特正在放风筝时，她发现地上有个钱包。While引导的时间状语从句：表示某个动作正在进行的同时，另一动作也在进行之中，这时主从句都用进行时态，有对同类的两个动作进行对比的意味；也可表示某个动作正在进行时，另一动作发生了(该动作用一般过去时)。eg：While I was playing the piano，she was dancing.当我正在弹钢琴的时候，她正在跳舞。Whi

39、le she was reading，the telephone rang.当她正在看书时，电话铃响了。 一、根据句意一、根据句意，用用when或或while完成句子。完成句子。1_ Jim was reading，Lucy came into his room.2_ I was ten years old，I could play the piano very well.3What were you doing _ the wind came?4I was sleeping _my mother was cooking breakfast.5_ the accident happened，I

40、 was standing in front of the library.WhileWhenwhenwhileWhen二、单项选择。6My mother _ _ the dishes when I got home.(烟台中考)Ahas washedBis washingCwashed Dwas washing7Our classmates went to a concert yesterday afternoon.(泰安中考)What a pity！I _ _ my homework.Ado Bwas doingCam doing Dwill do8I saw Jeff in the pa

41、rk.He _ _ on the grass and reading a book.(河北中考)Asits BsatCis sitting Dwas sittingDBD9Why did the car hit the boy？(天津中考)Because the driver _ _ on the phone at that time.Atalk Bis talkingCwas talking Dhave talked10Did you watch the football match on TV last night?I wanted to，but my mother _ _ her fav

42、ourite TV programme.Awatches BwatchedCwas watching Dis watchingCC三、句型转换。三、句型转换。11She was making_dinner when her brother came back.(对画线部对画线部分提问分提问)_ she _when her brother came back?12Lucy was reading in_the_library when the rainstorm came.(对画对画线部分提问线部分提问)_ Lucy _ when the rainstorm came?13I was doing

43、 my homework when my father came into my room.(改为同义句改为同义句)_ I _my homework，my father came into my room.What was doingWhere was readingWhile was doing 14Lucy cut her hair last Monday.(用用at 4：00 yesterday afternoon改改写句子写句子)Lucy _ her hair at 4：00 yesterday afternoon.was cutting Unit 6An old man tried

44、to move the mountains.单元同步语法精讲精练单元同步语法精讲精练连词unless，as soon as，so.that.的用法unless的用法unless连词，意为“如果不；除非”，相当于if.not，引导条件状语从句。eg：Well go to the town unless it rains tomorrow.Well go to the town if it doesnt rain tomorrow.假如明天不下雨，我们就去镇里。【注意】若unless引导的从句本身为否定句，则unless不能用if.not来替换。unless引导的从句，要遵循“主将从现”的原则。a

45、s soon as的用法as soon as意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句，表示从句和主句的动作先后发生，间隔短暂。eg：The students became quiet as soon as the teacher came in.老师一进来，学生们就安静下来了。【注意】在由as soon as引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，从句通常用一般现在时表将来，而主句则用一般将来时。也可简记为“主将从现”。eg：Ill write to you as soon as I get there.我一到那里就给你写信。so.that.的用法so.that.意为“如此以至于”，用来引导结果状语从句，其中so

46、后接形容词或副词，也可用few，little，many，much等来修饰名词表示程度，that后面的从句表示结果。eg：He was so happy that he forgot the time.他太高兴了，以至于忘了时间。一、根据句意，选择方框中的单词或短语完成下列句子。not.until，unless，because，as soon as，so.that1The coffee is _hot _I cant drink it now.2The little girl stopped crying _she saw her mother.3He is hardworking.Hell c

47、ertainly go to work _he is ill.4She did _go home _it was ten oclock last night.5The family had to stay at home _it rained hard yesterday.sothatas soon asunlessnotuntilbecause二、根据句意，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。6The Monkey King can make 72 _(change) to his shape and size.7Dont _(exciting) your baby too much befor

48、e bedtime.8The Monkey King keeps _(fight) to help the weak and never gives up.9His uncle isnt interested in _(play) chess at all.10I like watching the program _(call) Happy Hours.changesexcitefightingplayingcalled 二、单项选择。6Anna was _ sad _ she didnt want to eat anything.Atoo；toBsuch；thatCenough；to Ds

49、o；that7What are you going to do tomorrow?Im going for a picnic in the park _ it rains tomorrow.(易错题)Awhen Bbecause CifDunlessDD8Tim，remember to tell him the news as soon as your father _Aarrive BarrivesCarrived Dwill arrive9When will you return the book to me?Ill give it to you _ I finish it.Athough

50、 BuntilCas soon as DunlessBCfit的用法作动词，意为“合适；合身”。作名词，意为“合身”。作形容词，意为“合适的；适宜的；健康的”。marry动词，意为“结婚”，常用结构：marry sb.和某人结婚；marry sb.to sb.把某人嫁给某人。【注意】get married意为“结婚”，表示动作，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。be married意为“结婚”，表示状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。get/be married都可与介词to连用，但不能与with连用。即be/get married to sb.与某人结婚。本课时其他知识点精讲精练 fall in