2020高考英语必备突破阅读难点：180个疫情高频词汇英文表达（新冠病毒）.doc

1、2 月 13 日，世界卫生组织给这次疫情正式命名。 “ We now have a name for the 2019nCoV disease: COVID-19 “我们现在为 2019nCoV 疾病定名为：COVID-19” Ill spell it: C-O-V-I-D hyphen one nine, COVID-19” “其字母拼写为：C-O-V-I-D 连字符 1, 9，COVID-19。” 其中： 1）CO 指 corona（冠状） 2）VI 指 virus（病毒） 3）D 指 disease（疾病）， 4）虽然没有解释数字 19 的含义，但应该表示爆发的时间2019 年。 另外，

2、COVID-19 的名字很好发音，COVID 可以念成 /kvd/，19 可以念 nineteen。 需要注意的是，COVID-19 的是指的这次新型冠状病毒的疫情，而不是指的新 型冠状病毒。除了这些还有一些常用词汇我们需要掌握，不一定要会写，但是 在阅读中看到了要能看懂。 以下 180 条新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情相关词汇英文表达，按照按疫病名称，传染防控，政 策举措，机构、职业群体和场所名称，病理症状，器具名称，其他医学名词进行分类， 由中国翻译研究院翻译审定。 01疫病名称疫病名称 1. 冠状病毒 coronavirus2. 2019 新型冠状病毒 2019 novel coronavirus

3、 (2019-nCoV) 【这是之前的命名， 现在已经改为 COVID-19】 3. 肺炎 pneumonia4. 病毒性肺炎 viral pneumonia5. 不明原因肺炎 pneumonia of unknown etiology/cause6. 严重急性呼吸 综合征（非典） severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)7. 严重急性呼吸道感染 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)8. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)9. 中东呼吸综合

4、征 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)10. 呼吸道疾病（呼吸系统疾病） respiratory diseases 02 传染防控 11. 国际关注的突发公共卫生事件 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) 12. 乙类传染病 Category B infectious diseases13. 人传人 person-to-person/human-to-human transmission14. 行走的传染源 mobile source of infection15. 潜伏期

5、incubation/latent period16. 无症状的潜伏期 silent/asymptomatic incubation period17. 特定传染病 specific infectious disease18. 病毒携带者 virus carrier19. 无症状携带者 asymptomatic carrier20. 超级传播者 super spreader21. 飞沫传播 droplet transmission22. 接触传播 contact transmission23. 病毒的蔓延 spread of a virus24. 隐性感染 covert/silent/inap

6、parent/subclinical infection25. 外源性感染 exogenous infection26. 密切接触者 close contact27. 接触者追踪 contact tracing28. 传染 途径 route of transmission29. 传播方式 mode of transmission30. 宿主 host31. 易感人群 susceptible/vulnerable population32. 医院/院内感染 nosocomial infection; hospital-acquired infection33. 职业暴露 occupational

7、 exposure34. 确诊病例 confirmed case35. 疑似病例 suspected case36. 散在病例 sporadic case37. 输入性病例 imported case38. 二代病例 second-generation case39. 传染 性 transmissibility; infectivity40. 致病性 pathogenicity41. 疫情 epidemic; outbreak42. 疫区 affected area43. 发病 morbidity44. 发热病人 patients with fever; febrile patients; f

8、ever patients45. 重症 severe case46. 发病率 incidence rate47. 死亡率 mortality rate48. 病死率（致死率） fatality/mortality/death rate49. 治愈率 recovery rate50. 疫情防控 epidemic prevention and control51. 监测体温 to monitor body temperature52. 体温检测 to check body temperature53. 早发现、 早隔离 early detection and early isolation54.

9、隔离治疗 to receive treatment in isolation55. 自我隔离 to quarantine yourself in your home; self-monitored quarantine56. 临床数据 clinical data57. 核酸检 测 nucleic acid testing (NAT)58. 血清诊断 serodiagnosis59. 自觉接受医学观察 to present yourself to medical observation60. 解除医学观察 to be discharged from medical observation61.

10、诊断、治疗、追踪和筛查 diagnosis, treatment, tracing and screening62. 预防措施 preventive measure63. 疫苗 vaccine64. 戴口 罩 to wear a mask65. 勤洗手/仔细洗手 to wash your hands often/carefully66. 消 毒 disinfection67. 避免去人多的地方 avoid crowds68. 健康筛查 health screening69. 旅行限制 travel restrictions70. 健康申报表 health declaration form71.

11、 海鲜市场 seafood market72. 活体农贸市场 live animal market73. 湿货市 场 wet market74. 野味 bushmeat; game75. 果子狸 masked palm civet76. 蝙蝠 bat77. 竹鼠 bamboo rat78. 獾 badger 03 政策举措 79. 突发公共卫生事件 public health emergency80. 启动重大突发公共卫生事件一级 响应 to activate first-level public health emergency response81. 掌握情况， 不漏一人 to have

12、full knowledge of the situation (of the community) and leave no one unchecked82. 遏制疫情蔓延 to contain the outbreak83. 封城 A city is on lockdown./A city goes into lockdown.84. 延迟开学 to postpone the reopening of schools85. 延长春节假期 to extend the Chinese New Year holiday86. （公共场所） 消毒、通风以及体温检测 disinfection, ve

13、ntilation and body temperature monitoring (in public areas)87. 应急医院 makeshift hospital88. 火神山医院 Huoshenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)89. 雷神山医院 Leishenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)90. 暂停海外团队旅行 to suspend overseas group tours91. 关闭景点 to close scenic spots92. 取消大型集会 to cancel mass gatherings93. 减少外出 to make fewer

14、 trips outside94. 控制人口流动 to curb population flow95. 两周观察 期 two-week observation period96. 停运长途汽车 to halt long-distance buses97. 调减市内公交 to reduce the frequency of bus services in the city98. 特殊报销 政策 special reimbursement rules99. 紧平衡 in tight balance100. 医疗物资紧缺 shortage of medical supplies101. 日常基本生活

15、物资 daily necessities102. 跨境 采购 cross-border procurement103. 囤积食物 to stock up on food104. 捂货惜售 hoarding105. 瞒报 to underreport106. 哄抬价格 price gouging107. 顶格处罚 the maximum penalty 04 机构、职业群体和场所名称 108. 世卫组织 World Health Organization (WHO)109. 中央应对新型冠状病毒感染肺 炎疫情工作领导小组(中央应对疫情工作领导小组) Leading Group of the CP

16、C Central Committee for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control110. 国家卫生 健康委员会（国家卫健委） National Health Commission (NHS)111. 中国疾病预防控 制中心（中国疾控中心） Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)112. 国家医疗保障局（国家医保局） National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA)113. 医疗机构 medical institu

17、tion114. 卫生机构 health institution115. 医疗从业者 medical practitioner; healthcare professional116. 医疗人员 medical personnel; health workforce; health workers117. 一线医护人 员 frontline health workers118. 钟南山 Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese expert in respiratory diseases (and a hero of the 2003 fight against S

18、ARS)119. 定点医院 designated hospitals120. 发热门诊 fever clinic121. 重症监护病房 intensive care unit (ICU)122. 检疫所 quarantine office123. 药店 pharmacy; drugstore 05 病理症状 124. 病理 pathology125. 病原体 pathogen126. 病毒变异 virus variation127. 病 毒突变 virus mutation128. 临床表现 clinical picture129. 上呼吸道感染 upper respiratory tract

19、 infection (URTI)130. 低氧血症 hypoxemia; low blood oxygen131. 纤维化 fibrosis132. 肺脓肿 lung abscess133. 双肺浸润性病灶 infiltration in both lungs134. 发热 fever135. 乏力 fatigue136. 干咳 dry cough137. 头疼 headache138. 胸闷 chest distress; chest oppression139. 心慌 palpitations140. 恶心想吐 nausea141. 腹泻 diarrhea142. 呼吸困难 dyspne

20、a; respiratory distress; breathing difficulties143. 呼吸急促（气促） shortness of breath; panting144. 感染性休克 septic shock 06 器具名称 145. 红外体温测量仪 infrared thermometer146. 体温检测热像仪 thermal imaging camera for temperature monitoring147. 诊断器具 diagnostic tool/kit148. 消毒 液 disinfectant; antiseptic solution149. 消毒湿巾 di

21、sinfectant/antiseptic wipes150. 含酒精洗手液 alcohol-based hand rub/sanitizer151. 口罩 facemask; mask152. N95 口罩 N95 mask/respirator153. 医用外科口罩 surgical mask154. 防护 服 protective suit155. 护目镜 goggles156. 一次性手套 disposable gloves157. 负压救护车 negative pressure ambulance 07 其他医学名词 158. 国际卫生条例 International Health

22、Regulations (IHR)159. 流行病学 epidemiology160. 流行病学调查（流调） epidemiological investigation161. 呼吸 器官 respiratory organs162. 呼吸道 respiratory tract163. 消化系统 digestive system164. 神经系统 nervous system165. 肾功能 renal function166. 流感 influenza; flu167. 结膜炎 conjunctivitis; pink eye168. 宿疾、慢性病 chronic ailment; chro

23、nic disease169. 高血压 hypertension; high blood pressure170. 糖 尿病 diabetes; diabetes mellitus171. 心血管病 cardiovascular disease172. 基 因序列 genetic sequence173. 基因结构 genetic structure174. 试剂 reagent175. 诊断 diagnosis176. 检测样本 test sample177. 医学观察 medical watch; medical observation178. 病毒分离 virus isolation17

24、9. 抗病毒药 antiviral drug180. 退 烧药 febrifuge; antipyretic 接着我们来看一下外媒相关报道，也顺便学一学地道的句型。接着我们来看一下外媒相关报道，也顺便学一学地道的句型。 1. 什么是冠状病毒？什么是冠状病毒？What is a coronavirus?Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals.In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can be t

25、ransmitted (传播，动词)from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.冠状病毒是一大类常 见于动物的病毒的总称。据美国疾病控制和预防中心称，在极少数情况下，科学家称之 为“人畜共患疾病”，这意味着它们可以从动物传染给人类。2. 冠状病毒症状冠状病毒症状 Coronavirus symptomsThe viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild to moderate upper respiratory

26、 tract(上呼吸道) illness, similar to a common cold.For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, theres a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia(肺炎) or bronchitis(支气管炎).There are a handful of human coronaviruses

27、that are known to be deadly(致命的), such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)and SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome).The Wuhan coronavirus is currently thought to be more mild than SARS and MERS and takes longer to develop symptoms. Patients to date have typically experienced a mild cough f

28、or a week followed by shortness of breath(呼吸急促). So far, around 15% to 20% of cases have become severe, requiring, for example, ventilation in the hospital.通常表现 为轻中度上呼吸道疾病，症状类似于普通感冒。对于免疫力较弱的老年人和儿童，病毒 有可能导致更严重的下部呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支气管炎。有些冠状病毒是致命的，如 中东呼吸综合征（MERS）和 SARS。目前认为，武汉冠状病毒相较 SARS 和 MERS 更为温和，潜伏时间更长。到目前

29、为止，患者通常在一周内出现轻微咳嗽，随后出现呼 吸急促症状。目前，大约 15%到 20%的病例病情出现恶化情况，需要入院并接受呼吸 机治疗。3. 传播途径传播途径 How does it spread？Viruses can spread from human contact(接触) with animals.When it comes to human-to-human transmission(传播，名词) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected persons se

30、cretions(分泌物), such as droplets(小水滴，飞沫)in a cough.Depending on how virulent the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure(暴露，接触). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.病毒可通过人类与动物的接触传播。病毒在人与人

31、之间传播 时，通常发生在接触到感染者的分泌物时，例如咳嗽时的飞沫。根据病毒的毒力，咳嗽、 打喷嚏或握手都可能导致暴露。这种病毒也可以通过触摸被感染者触摸过的东西，然后 触摸嘴、鼻子或眼睛来传播。4. 感染人群感染人群 Who is affected?MERS, SARS and the Wuhan coronavirus appear to cause more severe disease in older people, though uncertainty remains around the latest outbreak(爆发). Of the cases of Wuhan coro

32、navirus reported so far, none are yet confirmed to be among children. The average age is people 40 or over.尽管最近的武汉冠状病毒疫情仍不确定，但 MERS、 SARS 和武汉冠状病毒似乎在老年人中会引起更严重的症状。在迄今报道的武汉冠状病 毒病例中，尚未证实有儿童感染。感染者平均年龄在 40 岁以上。5. 冠状病毒感染的治冠状病毒感染的治 疗疗 Coronavirus treatmentThere is no specific treatment, but research is und

33、erway. Most of the time, symptoms will go away on their own(自行消失) and experts advise seeking care early. If symptoms feel worse than a standard cold, see your doctor.Doctors can relieve(缓解) symptoms by prescribing(开处方)a pain or fever medication.目前还没有具体的治疗方法，但研究仍在进行中。多数情况下症状会自行消 失，但专家建议尽早寻求治疗。如果症状比标准

34、感冒更严重，请看医生。医生可以通过 开止痛药或退烧药来缓解症状。6. 武汉新型冠状病毒严重程度武汉新型冠状病毒严重程度 Should you worry about the Wuhan coronavirus？The Wuhan coronavirus fatality rate(致死率) is lower than for SARS and MERS, but still comparable(相当) to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic(大流行病). The fatality rate is likely to be lower due to an “icebe

35、rg“ of milder cases we are yet to find.武汉冠状病毒死亡率低于 SARS 和 MERS， 但仍与 1918 年西班牙流感大流行相当。真实的病死率可能会更低，因为可能有大量较轻病例尚未发 现。7. 如何预防如何预防 How can you prevent it?You may be able to reduce your risk of infection(感染) by avoiding people who are sick. Try to avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Wash your hands

36、often with soap and water and for at least 20 seconds.Awareness is key. If you are sick and have reason to believe it may be the Wuhan coronavirus due to travel to the region or coming into contact with someone who has been there, you should let a health care provider know and seek treatment early.C

37、over your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and disinfect(消毒) the objects and surfaces you touch.可以通过避开病人来降低感染的风险。尽量避免触摸眼 睛、鼻子和嘴巴。经常用肥皂洗手，每次洗手至少 20 秒的时间。预防意识是关键。如 果你前往过武汉或与曾去过那里的人接触，有理由怀疑自己感染了武汉冠状病毒，应报 告医疗机构并尽早寻求治疗。 咳嗽或喷嚏时捂住口鼻， 并对触摸的物体和表面进行消毒。 最后，它与季节性流感有哪些相似和不同？让我们一起科学防控，抗击疫情。The novel coron

38、avirus, which originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has now spread to 12 countries, has much in common with seasonal flu. They are both viral infections, share similar symptoms and - crucially - can spread from human to human. In the midst of flu season in much of the northern hemisphere, tell

39、ing the difference between the two will be vital in stopping its spread.起源于中 国武汉市的新型冠状病毒已扩散至 12 个国家，与季节性流感有很多相似之处。它们都 是病毒感染，有相似的症状，最重要的是，可以在人与人之间传播。北半球大部分地区 正处于流感季节，区分两者对于阻止新型冠状病毒的传播至关重要。Are the symptoms Are the symptoms similar to that of the flu?similar to that of the flu?新型冠状病毒感染症状与流感相似吗？新型冠状病毒感染

40、症状与流感相似吗？Human coronaviruses, of which there are four, can cause respiratory infections similar to flu: while many symptoms are mild, both can lead to pneumonia and become lethal. However, the novel coronavirus is more serious than a “typical influenza infection,“ says Ian Jones, a professor of viro

41、logy at the University of Reading. 人类冠状病毒（一共有四种）可引起类似流感的呼吸道感染：虽然许多症状很轻微，但 两者都可导致肺炎并致命。然而，雷丁大学的病毒学教授伊恩琼斯说，这种新型冠状 病毒比“典型的流感感染”更为严重。“This virus appears to go further down into the lungs than would generally be the case, therefore giving you symptoms of pneumonia: the lungs becoming flooded, they dont f

42、unction very well and the patient gets into breathing difficulty.“这种病毒似乎更容易深入肺部，因此会 出现肺炎的症状： 肺部积水， 肺功能不佳， 病人呼吸困难。 ”Why is it more feared than Why is it more feared than the flu?the flu?为什么它比流感更可怕？为什么它比流感更可怕？While the mortality rates and symptoms of flu and novel coronavirus may end up being similar,

43、 humans ability to fight off the viruses differ greatly.虽然流感和新型冠状病毒的死亡率和症状可能很相似，但人 类抗击病毒的能力却有很大不同。Humans have naturally built up antibodies to seasonal flu and scientists have developed annual vaccines to fight it. During a pandemic, which the new coronavirus has the potential to become, “there is n

44、o immunity in the population so you have potential for a global spread,“ warns Jones.人类天生就会对季节性流感产生抗体，科学家们每年都会研制出流感疫苗。琼斯 警告说，这种新型冠状病毒有可能成为流行病，“人们普遍对此没有免疫力，因此有可 能在全球范围内传播。”antibody ntibdi：n. 免疫抗体 There is also a widespread familiarity with flu, which dampens concern. As with the Ebola epidemic and th

45、e Zika virus, both of which peaked in the middle of the last decade, fears around the new coronavirus are compounded due to a lack of knowledge over its nature.人们对流感也很熟悉，这降低了人们的担忧。正如同在 2015 年前后达到顶 峰的埃博拉病毒和寨卡病毒，由于对其性质缺乏了解，人们对这种新型冠状病毒的担忧 加剧。Is it as easy to catch as the flu?Is it as easy to catch as t

46、he flu?它和流感一样容易传染吗？它和流感一样容易传染吗？Flu can spread from person to person from up to six feet away, largely caused by liquid emitted when the inflicted cough or sneeze. Those infected are usually contagious for around three days following the beginning of their illness, although this time-frame could stre

47、tch to over a week.流感可以在相隔 6 英尺的人们之间传播， 主要是由患者咳嗽或打喷嚏时的飞沫引起。感染者通常在发病后三天左右具有传染性， 不过传染期可能会延长至一周以上。All this and more remains a mystery in regards to the new coronavirus. To understand the virility of the outbreak, Jones urges a focus on whether or not international cases lead to secondary infections. “I

48、f they dont,“ he explains, “it would suggest that the virus doesnt transmit quite so well: clearly all the people on the airplane (that traveled from an infected zone) didnt get it.“而对于新型冠状病毒来说，所有这些仍然是一个谜。为了了解 疫情的严重性， 琼斯敦促关注国际病例是否会导致第二代传播。 他解释说： “如果没有， 那就意味着病毒传播力减弱： 很明显， 飞机上的所有人 （从疫区起飞） 都没有感染。 ”What

49、 What you should doyou should do if you think you have it?if you think you have it?如果你认为患病了，应该怎么做？如果你认为患病了，应该怎么做？Medical advice is similar across those countries with confirmed cases of the infection. In France, authorities are asking those who think they are infected to call an ambulance rather than visiting a hospital, where they could potentially pass on the virus. Similar advice has been issued in China and Germany.在有确诊感 染病例的国家，医嘱是类似的。在法国，当局要求那些认为自己被感染的人叫救护车， 而不是去医院，因为他们可能会把病毒传给其他人。中国和德国也提出了类似的建议。