英语毕业论文写作1课件.ppt

1、Writing Thesis in English: A Course in Writing for English Majors英语专业毕业论文写作教程主编 张秀国.Ch. 1 The Process of Research and Research WritingvThe research and the creation of an academic paper can be divided into eight stages:. (1) Select a Topic (2) Explore Data (3) Gather Data (4) Formulate the Thesis (5

2、) Organize Data & ideas (6) Actual Writing (7) Review and Revise (8) Submit.2.1 Choosing a TopicvChoose a subject/topicthe first and biggest problemvTake the following into consideration:v1. Importance and Interest v2. Manageability v3. Availability of Resources . Avoid a Too Broad TopicvSubdivide w

3、hat we know to a manageable size and complexity. “Twentieth-Century China”“Education in China“World History”.vBroad topic: “Education” v (higher education, middle school education, adult education, . . .)v “higher education”v (higher education in China, in USA, Japan, France, . . .)v “higher educati

4、on in China” v (higher education in China in the 20th century, in the 21st century, . . .)v. . . Avoid a Too Narrow TopicvA too narrow topic is trivial and uninteresting. The writer is faced with not enough information to base a paper on. v“Suchuan cooking spice”.vNarrow topic:v Mark Twains Rabbitsv

5、Less narrow topic: v Mark Twains Animals”vUseful topic: v Animals in Mark Twains Writing.Are they suitable topics for a paper of 5000 words?v1.文化与翻译v2.电影层面上的文化入侵v3.口译与笔译的对比分析v4.中国诗词的英译v5.旅游英语v6.傲慢与偏见中的婚姻问题v7.女权运动及其对英语语言发展的影响v8.Cultural Factors in E-C Translation.vTry to find a proper topic for your

6、research.2.2 Exploring Datav1. Reference books.vencyclopedias, biographical dictionaries, sources for current events, book indexes, periodical indexes, computer databases, internet sources.v2. Evaluating the Sources. vAsk about the Subject: vIs the subject directly related to my research question? v

7、Does it provide helpful context or background information? .vAsk about the Author: vWhat do I already know about the authors reputation? vAsk about the Date: vWhen was this source published? vDoes my topic require current, up-to-date sources? or classic, well-established sources?.vAsk about the Publ

8、isher: vWho published this source? vAsk about the counter authority: vDoes the source address counter arguments?.2.3 Gathering Datav2.3.1 Preparing a Working Bibliography v2.3.2 Reading Sources with a Critical Eye v2.3.3 Assessing the Authors Argument and Evidencev2.3.4 Taking Notes.vFor books :v1.

9、names of authors/editors/ translatorsv2. title of bookv3. title of the chapter, and page number(s)v4. Place of publication, publisher, and date.vFor articles:v1. name of author v2. title of articlev3. name of periodicalv4. volume / issue number and datev5. page number, inclusive page numbers of the

10、article in the periodical.vQuoting forms引用形式： vQuoting the sources directly 直引式vParaphrasing the sources释义式vSummarizing the sources总结式.vWhat you say is more important than what others have said. Principle vGuidelines for incorporating quotes融合引语的指导原则:v1. Make your quotes as short as possible; use ju

11、st what you need. .v2. Avoid using a quote in the introduction or conclusion; its better to begin and end with your own words.v3. Avoid ending a paragraph with a quote. In most cases you need to explain why the quote is important to the point youre trying to make.v4. Do not start a sentence with a q

12、uote; set it up first (tell who said it):vAs Thurber tells us, “the high-water mark of my youth in Columbus, Ohio, was the night the bed fell on my father” (305).vThurber tells us that “it is almost necessary to throw furniture around” in order to tell the story (305).vThurber states: “I suppose tha

13、t the high-water mark of my youth in Columbus, Ohio, was the night the bed fell on my father” (305).v5. If you want to omit part of a long quote, use three dots to explain that there is an omission.vThurber tells us that “the high-water of my youth . . . was the night the bed fell on my father” (305

14、).v6. Its permissible to make changes in a quote for the sake of clarity or grammatical consistency. Use brackets to indicate that you made a change.vThurber explains that his father is some stubborn that “there is no dissuading him” (305).vThurber states that “it was Briggs feeling that . . . he mi

15、ght die of suffocation” (305).vThurber shows that “the high-water mark of his youth” happened on one particular night (305).vBetter avoid using a long quote. If you have to, do it in block form. vLong quote example.AssignmentsvReview: vWhat is a good topic? What is your chosen topic?vPreview: vWhat

16、is plagiarism? How to avoid it?.2.3.5 Avoiding PlagiarismvPlagiarism is the use of someone elses words or ideas as your own without crediting the original writer. vPlagiarism may result in unwanted lawsuit. .vThe following is from page 625 of Columbia Literary History of the United States by Wendy M

17、artin:v“Some of Dickinsons most powerful poems express her firmly held conviction that life cannot be fully comprehended without an understanding of death.”.vPlagiarism:vEmily Dickinson strongly believed that we cannot understand life fully unless we comprehend death.vCorrect quoting:vWendy Martin s

18、tated that Emily Dickinson strongly believed that we cannot understand life fully unless we comprehend death (625).vDickinson held firm conviction that “life cannot be fully comprehended without an understanding of death” (Martin 625).vAs Wendy Martin points out, Emily Dickinson believed that people

19、 could not understand life fully unless they comprehend death (625).1. Materials requiring no acknowledgmentsv1) Common knowledgev2) Facts available in a wide variety of resourcesv3) Your own findings from field research.2. Materials requiring acknowledgmentsv1) Direct quotationsv2) Facts not widely

20、 known or assertions arguablev3) Judgments, opinions, and claims of othersv4) Statistics, charts, tables, and graphs from any source.vCredit the above sources by: (1) citing them parenthetically, and (2) listing them in the works cited.verbs introducing quotes:vacknowledge, add, admit, agree, argue,

21、 assert, believe, claim, comment, compare, confirm, contend, concede, conclude, declare, deny, dispute, emphasize, endorse, find, grant, illustrate, imply, insist, maintain, note, observe, point out, reason, refute, reject, report, respond, reveal, say, show, state, suggest, think, write.2.4 Formula

22、te a Thesisv构想论题，Thesisa statement or the theory put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved论题，论点vThe thesis describes your point of view towards the subject. v“In recent years the sheer impact of television causes both programs and commercials to wear out at a rate unparalleled in other med

23、ia.”.vA successful working thesis: v1. Be potentially interesting to the intended audiencev2. Be as specific as possiblev3. Limit the topic and make it manageablevA complex thesis may be formed by various sentences. For example:.vThe purpose of this paper is to examine various aspects of transportat

24、ion in the United States. The subject is logically divided into several categories: the private automobile, alternatives to the private automobile, the feasibility of implementing those alternatives, and the economic and social implications of adopting them.vThe position of the thesis: at the end of

25、 the introductionv1. It meets the readers expectation: the author will elaborate and support them; v2. It keeps the writer on the subject and helps to avoid digressions.v范例.doc.Written Workv1. Do exercise V: choose one of the topics. Write down the sources that you think relate the chosen topic.v2.

26、Read 1 or 2 research papers. What are their thesis statements? Where do you find them in the paper?.2.5 Outlining the PapervTopic outline vSentence outline vParagraph outlinevApplying the principle of parallelism.vA. It is a musical instrument of great antiquity v 1. Read about it in the Biblev 2. R

27、eferences to it by writers all over the worldv 3. Pictured in ancient artv 4. Examples found by archaeologistsvB. Origin v 1. . . .vA. Antiquityv 1. References in the Biblev 2. References by writers all over the world v 3. Delineations in ancient art v 4. Examples found by archaeologists vB. Origin

28、v 1. . . .vOutline Stylevnumber-letter sequence 数字-字母式vdecimal pattern 小数点式vWhen dividing, at least two items at each level or subdivision. vSee pages 216-17.v数字-字母式vI. Wars of the nineteenth century v A. United States v 1. Civil War, 1861-65v a. Causev (1) Slavery v (a) Compromise v i) Missouri Com

29、promisev ii) 1850 compromisev (b) .v小数点式v1. Wars in the 19th century v 1.1 United States v 1.1.1 Civil War, 1861-65v 1.1.2 . . .v 1.1.2.1 . . .v 1.1.2.2 . . .v 1.2 United Kingdom v 1.2.1 . . .v 1.2.2 . . .v2. Wars in the 20th centuryv . . .2.6 Writing the First DraftvWriting the introductory partvWr

30、iting the body partvWriting the concluding partvWhen drafting, get to the heart of the subject without regard for stylistic considerations. .2.7 Revising, Editing and ProofreadingvRevising:vbe concerned with the major matters of organization, the development of ideas, logic, and continuity. .vEditin

31、g: vcorrect the errors like using wrong words or misspellings. vProof-reading:vread through it, paying attention to every detail. .2.8 Finalizing the PapervType the paper on one side of paper only. Use white paper of a standard size 8.511 inches. vBefore you type the paper, make clear what format yo

32、ur school requires.vExercise VIOral work: vWhat is the difference between a thesis statement and a factual statement?vIn each pair, which statement can serve as a thesis statement? .vExercise VIIWritten work:v Go to the library. Find a research paper in a certain academic journal. What is its thesis? and where is it located?.PreviewvChapter 3: The structure of a research papervWhat are the component parts of a graduation thesis? vWhat function do they respectively play?.v毕业论文成绩评价标准.doc.