2018全国卷Ⅰ高考英语真题及答案.doc

1、2018全国卷高考英语真题及答案（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选

2、项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A. 19. 15.B. 9. 18.C. 9. 15.答案是 C。1.What will James do tomorrow ?A.Watch a TV program.B.Give atalk.C.Write a report.2.What can we say about the woman? A.Shes generous.B.Shes curious.C.Shes helpful.3.When does the train leave

3、?A.At 6:30.B.At8:30.C.At 10:30.4.How does the womango to work?A.By car.B.On foot.C.By bike. 5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.C.Doctor and patient.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题

4、，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What does the woman regret?A.Giving up her research.B.Dropping out of college.C.Changingher major. 7.What is the woman interested in studying now?A.Ecology.B.Education. C.Chemistry. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What is the man? A.A hotel manager.B.A tour gu

5、ide.C.A taxidriver.9.What is the man doing for the woman?A.Looking for some local foods.B.Showing her around the seaside.C.Offering information about a hotel.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.Inan office.B.AthomeC.Ata restaurant.11.What will the speakers do tomorr

6、ow evening?A.Goto a concert.B.Visita friend.C.Workextra hours.12.Who is Alice going to call? A.Mike .B.Joan.C.Catherine .听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Why does the woman meet the man?A.To look at an apartment.B.To deliver some furniture.C.To have a meal together.14.What does the woman like about the carpet?A.

7、Its color.B.Its design.C. Its quality .15.What does the man say about the kitchen?A.Its a good size.B.Its newly painted.C. Its adequately equipped .16.What will the woman probably do next?A.Go downtown.B.Talk with her friend. C.Make payment .听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Who is the speakerprobably talking to

8、?A.Movie fans. B.News reporters.C.College students .18.When did the speaker take Englishclasses?A.Before he left his hometown.B.After he came to America.C.When he was 15 years old.19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A.Hes proud.B.Hes sympathetic.C.Hes grateful .20.What does the speaker ma

9、inly talk about ?A.How education shaped his life.B.How his language skills improved.C.How he managed his business well.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration TourThis small group b

10、ike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monume

11、nts Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares uniquefacts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled wate

12、r.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and localslooking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guideswill entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about P

13、residents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. G

14、et up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill andthe National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21.

15、Whichtour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A.Meet famous people.B.Go

16、 to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.C. Meals. D. Safety lights.BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa everymorning, but she is cooking up

17、a storm in her latest role showing families how to preparedelicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help ofchef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes forunder 5 per family a

18、day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able toput a lot of what shes leant into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13,and Jack, 11.We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains. I pay 5 for a

19、portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour, water,sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:

20、GoodHealth, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from thevast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with adifferent family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in needof some delicio

21、us inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the familys long weekend ofcelebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early inthemorning.D.She has had a t

22、ight budget for her family.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Pro

23、vide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making yourself a PerfectChefD.Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going

24、for thousands of years, but in recent times therehas been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated byhunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when

25、theworld had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, andtheir languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development

26、 of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsoryeducation,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, allhave caused many languages todisappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world h

27、as about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages ishugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, oftenspoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europehas only around 200languages; the Americas about1,000; Af

28、rica 2 400; and Asia andthe Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. Themedian number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worldslanguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are

29、close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of surv

30、ival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.29. Which of the following best explainsdominant underlined in paragraph 2？A.Complex. B. Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Mo

31、dern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A.About 6,800B.About 3,400C.About 2,400D.About 1,20031. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D.

32、 Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environment and our walletsas

33、theseoutdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleaguesat the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for eachproduct throughoutits lifefrom

34、 when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energyuse has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-setTVsdefined 1992. Digital cameras arrivedonthescene in 1997.And MP

35、3 players,smart phones, and LCDTVs entered homesin 2002,beforetablets ande-readers showed upin 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.The living-room television is replaced andgets planted in the kids room,and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the

36、house,said one researcher.The average number ofelectronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keepingthese old deviceswe continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,olddesktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices w

37、ith their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution（解决方案）? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics

38、 that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TVviewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.

39、B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle ofa product.C.To update consumers onnew technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the dev

40、ices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-setTV.B.The tablet.C.The LCDTV.D.Thedesktop computer.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recycle them.第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选

41、项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to rel

42、ax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex.But good news is that therere really only three kinds of d

43、ecisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than

44、 buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effe

45、ct on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever youre looking for C. If youre

46、experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with E. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two ma

47、jor ways 第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department wasoffering a freecourse, called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I41the idea of taking the class because, after all ,who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess.And,even if I werent 43 enough about free credits,news