Thomas-Hardy介绍PPT课件.ppt
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1、 Thomas Hardy托马斯托马斯哈代哈代(18401928 )A Greatest Victorian novelist vThomas Hardy is last important novelist and poet of the 19th century. Living at the turn of the century.vHardy is often regarded as a transitional writer. In him we see the influence from both the past and the modern.vHis literary geni
2、us is apparent in his poems and novels.vCurrent scholars believe Hardy to be one of the greatest tragic novelists of English literature. June 2, 1840 Thomas Hardy was born to Thomas and Jemima Hardy at Higher Bockhampton Dorset. Thomas and Jemima HardyThomas HardyThomas Hardy(18401928 )vBorn and bro
3、ught up in Dorset, an agricultural district in the south of England, which he called Wessex(韦塞克斯) in his book. vPermeated by religion and music, these early years in the rural South West were to have a profound influence on Hardy and the imaginary Wessex of his later novels.Hardys Cottagev 1848-56 E
4、ducated on different schools The National School (Church of England) in Lower Bockhampton, the British School in Dorchester. 1856-62 Apprenticed as an architect for four years to John Hicks.1962Started working for Arthur Blomfield in London.1863Awarded a cash prize for architecture. Did not accept t
5、he cash prize.September 17, 1874 Married Emma Gifford. 1912 Death of Emma Hardy. February, 6, 1914 Married Florence Dugdale The home that Hardy built in Dorchester Hardy dies at the age of 87 on January 10,1928. His body was buried in Westminster Abbey, whereas his heart was buried in Stinsford Chur
6、chyard.Westminster AbbeyPoets CornerNovelsNovelsHe himself grouped his novels into three series:romances and fantasies “传奇和幻想作品”(罗曼史) novels of ingenuity “机巧和实验小说”(爱情阴谋故事) novels of character and environment. “性格和环境小说” “novels of character and environment” is the most outstandingvThe Return of the N
7、ative 还乡记vThe Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长 v Tess of the Durbervilles 苔丝vJude the Obscure 无名的裘德vUnder the Greenwood Tree绿荫下vFar From the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣 But Tess and Jude were given a hostile reception by the bourgeois public. OutrageOutrageHardys skepticism :This was particularly true when he bega
8、n work on Jude the Obscure, a work in which the religious doubts of the central character would find uncompromising expression.Hardy was now turning his back on orthodox religion. His literary message was now a long way from conventional Victorian morality. OutrageMany readers of Jude the Obscure re
9、acted with outrage.The Bishop of Wakefield announced that he had thrown such garbage onto his fire.Retreating to his Max Gate fortress, Hardy withstood the critical onslaught on Jude with as much stoicism as he could muster. But it took its toll on his marriage.After Jude the Obscure, Hardy never wr
10、ote another novel.outrageoutrageSoon afterwards he began Soon afterwards he began the process of destroying the the process of destroying the evidence of his past, long evidence of his past, long b e f o r e h i s e x e c u t o r s b e f o r e h i s e x e c u t o r s enthusiastically continued enthu
11、siastically continued the task. (Within days of the the task. (Within days of the death of Thomas Hardy in death of Thomas Hardy in 1928, the executors of his 1928, the executors of his estate made a bonfire of his estate made a bonfire of his letters and notebooks at his letters and notebooks at hi
12、s D o r c h e s t e r h o m e )D o r c h e s t e r h o m e ) Many of Hardys books and letters were burnt A Poet & A NovelistHe wrote much poetry in the last thirty years of his life and remains a highly regarded poet and novelist.Wessex Wessex Wessex WorksWessex WorksvWessex novels: novels describin
13、g the characters and environment of his native countryside. vTheir setting is the agricultural region of the southern counties of England. He truthfully depicts the poverty and decay of small farmers who become hired field hands and roam of the traditional mode of life in rural England. It was in th
14、e chapters of Far From the Madding Crowd that I first ventured to adopt the word Wessex from the pages of early English history, and give it a fictitious significance as the existing name of the district once included in that extinct kingdom. The series of novels I projected being mainly of the kind
15、 called local, they seemed to require a territorial definition of some sort to lend unity to their scene. - from Hardys Preface to the novel 1895-1902 Thomas Hardy first used the term Wessex in his 1874 novel, Far From the Madding Crowd. Works: fatalistic mood Works: fatalistic mood vThis, and his l
16、oss of religious faith which was part of the ancient tradition, gave his novels a tragic and fatalistic vision. His pessimistic philosophy seems to show that mankind is subjected to the rule of some hostile and mysterious fate, which brings misfortune to human life. vHardy did not reject the social
17、developments which were changing people with their circumstances, but he saw the loss as well as the gain. vAnd the loss was not estimated merely in the perishing of old customs, but in the passing away of a kind of humanity which would never be replaced.the idea of fate and the critical realistic t
18、houghts in his worksvThomas Hardy has the belief that mans fate is predetermined tragic, driven by a combined force of “nature” , both inside and outside. vIn Hardys works , there is also bitter and sharp criticism of the hypocritical and unfair Victorian institutions, conventions and moral values w
19、hich strangle the individual will and destroy natural human emotions and relationships.His Artistic FeaturesvHardy is a great painter of nature. In his hand, nature assumes the form of life and becomes a most powerful , forbidding force with its own life and will. And all the works of Hardy are note
20、d for the rustic dialect and a poetic flavor, which fits well into their perfectly designed architectural structures. vHis novels had an indelible impact during his time and also till date many of his novels inspire theatre productions as well as films.vHis novels, which reflect the Victorian societ
21、y with all its idiosyncrasies, were perceived as irreligious.Tess of the DUrbervilles 德伯家的苔丝德伯家的苔丝 (1891) Plot SummaryvTess comes from a farmers family, the Durbeyfields. She has lived a poor but peaceful life. However, God, “The President of the Immoral” begins to play a cruel joke on this innocent
22、 girl. vOne day her father, John Durbeyfied learns that they are descended from the DUrbervilles, an ancient family once renowned in England. Tesss parents are in an ecstasy of delight over the news. Her mother urges Tess to claim kinship with the remaining DUrbervilles, so that Tess could marry a g
23、entleman. vUnwillingly, the girl comes in contact with the Stoke, DUrbervilles. There she meets Alec DUrbervilles, who shows off the estate and always seduces her. Having received a job of tending to chickens, Tess stays in the DUrbervilles. Her tragic life has just begun. vBefore long the rich and
24、guileful Alec manages to seduce the girl and make her pregnant. Being humiliated and resolute, Tess returns home. Despite the rumors all around, she gives birth to a child, who is called Sorrow but dies soon because of grave illness. For several weeks, Tess is overwhelmed by grief and sorrow. vNever
25、theless, without financial support, Tess has to leave home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Angel Claire. They have met each other before, and Tess has made a favorable impression on Angel. After Angel persistent pursuit of Tess, the two fall in love and become enga
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