初中英语名词性从句详解ppt课件.ppt

1、1名词性从句2 名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中- 主语宾语表语同位语1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there. 4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句31. 为什么叫名词性从句？_整个从句相当于一个名词比较:The man looked around.That the

2、boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质I know him.I know that he is writing his composition in his room2. 为什么要有名词性从句？那人看了看四周. (名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语)我知道他在房间里写作文.从句的特征:是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除外)名词能做的成分,从句都能做 从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多4 主语从句that whether w

3、ho whom whose what which when where why how从 句引导词:1. That he knows Japanese is known to all. 他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.3. When he will come is unknown .4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much. 他来不来没什么要紧的他什么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语从句的位置 1.在句

4、首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It 主语太长了!放到句尾That无词义无词义,不可省略不可省略What “什么”, “所.的”2. What surprised me was to see him here .When “什么时候”主语从句主语从句不用不用 if位于句首位于句首5 It 作主语的常用句型有:1. It + be +形容词 + that 从句2. It + be +名称词组(duty/pity.) + that 从句3. It + be + 过去分词(said/thought.) + that 从句4. It +不及物动词(seem/happen.) + that

5、从句 It is a pity that we cant go swimming.It is said that he told her everything.It happened that I was out that day.It is certain that he will do well in the exam.1.真可惜我们不能去游泳.2.碰巧那天我外出了.3.他考试肯定会考好.4.据说他已告诉了她一切.注意: It looked that he was right. ( ) 可以说: It looks as if.happen只有 it 句型It is said只有 it 句型

6、More 6 用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构1. It is clear (necessary, important, possible,remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等)2. It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事实是 ( 好事是,好消息是)3. It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that众所周知( 据报道,据记载,据说,据估计)4. It turns out ( seems, happens, ap

7、pears) that 结果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象是) 5. It has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that 已发现( 已证明,可以看出,需指出)7用 it 句型翻译:1.据说今年高一学生要学新教材.2.事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.3.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.4.众所周知, 比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有的人.5.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text th

8、is year.It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.It happened that they had had their military training.It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world. It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.Note: It is important/necessary/natural/our dut

9、y/essential/strange that sb (should) do sth. 固定句型, should可以省略翻译: 真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.It is strange that he should be late today.strange不省略should为好8表语从句1. The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.2. The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.3. It looks as if it were going to

10、 rain. 实际情况是他从未去过农村. that 一般不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验. 表语从句不用 if好象看上去要下雨似的. (其实不会)as if /as though从句常表示不真实的情况She talks as if /as though she had been there before . 她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的. 又比如:4. This school is no longer what it was before.这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了. what =the thing that More 系动词后面系动词后面9注意下列表语从句中wher

11、e, how, why 的译法1. This is where Lu Xun once lived.2. That was how they won the match.3. This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方. 他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的. 这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.1.我们就是这样克服困难的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was abs

12、ent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday.This is 总是现在时That is 表示性质 That was 指过去动作固定句型: This is where This is why This is how.这就是的地方这就是的原因这就是的方法10宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不在以下三种情况下不能省略：能省略：w（1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个宾语时，第二个that不能省；不能省；w（2）当）当that作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省

13、掉。w（3）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句wEveryone knew what happened and that she was worried. wThe reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 宾语从句11whether与与if的辨用的辨用w表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。wa. 主语从句主语从句b. 表语从句表语从句c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g .whether or

14、 not 连在一起引导宾语从连在一起引导宾语从句时不用句时不用if121).whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 a.当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时,不用不用if. eg: I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2.注意注意 whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别13Practice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had

15、a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether141. I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. 2. I dont doubt that we will win the match.3. Do you doubt that he did

16、it on his own? doubt问题肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用 that 疑定句中用 that 1. I doubt _he is telling the truth. 2. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .3. Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?4. Im doubtful _ he will agree to this. if / whether that that if / whether15同位语从句被修饰词有: fact, news, hope, opin

17、ion, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, rumor, fear, thought, suggestion, plan, idea同位语从句说明它们的内容常见引导词: that , whether ( if ), how, wh- 疑问词1. The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear.2. The question how I did it is hard to answer

18、.3. They had no idea where they should go to find some food.4. The question whether he comes or not is not important. ( if )5. A thought came to me that he might be in the library.事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.我怎么做的这一问题难回答.他们根本不知去哪儿找食物他是否是否来这个问题不重要.我突然想到他可能在图书馆. 被别的词隔开that 无词义161.Two thirds of all girls in Britain

19、 are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of En

20、gland was on a three-day visit in China.174.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British pa

21、rents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in schoo

22、l.18一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。192、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用that引导引导e.g. The suggestion that stude

23、nts should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句）（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）（定语从句）值得考虑的值得考虑的建议是学生应该学建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。些实用的东西。20二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从句的从句的不同之处不同之处1 1、从

24、句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明（从句说明“消息消息”的内容：的内容：我们队我们队取得了决赛胜利。取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对（从句对“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是你告诉我们的你告诉我们的，而非而非来

25、自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）212 2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充不充当任何成分）当

26、任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。）22w考点之一考点之一:考查名词性从句中考查名词性从句中that与与what的区别的区别 w考例考例: _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. wA. What; what B. What; that wC. That; that D. That; what w分析分析: (注注:划线的选项为最佳答案划线的选项为最佳答案,下下同同.)在名词性从句中在名词性

27、从句中that与与what的区别的区别是是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只只起连接作用起连接作用;而而what在名词性从句中不仅在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用起连接作用,而且作句子成分而且作句子成分.句子的意思句子的意思是是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语主语从句和宾语从句从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语句中都作宾语. 23w考点之二考点之二:考查名词性从句中的考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或作形式主语或形式宾语形式宾语 w

28、考例考例1: _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. wA. There B. This C. That D. It w分析分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡的平衡,往往用先行词往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是尤其是that引引导的主语从句往往用先行词导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语作形式主语.此句此句也可以改写为也可以改写为:That English is

29、 being accepted as an international language is a fact. w考例考例2: I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. wA. it B. that C. this D. them w分析分析:此题考查的是用先行词此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均其他几个词均不能作形式宾语不能作形式宾语. 24考点之三考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序考查名词性从句的语序 考例考例:The photographs will sho

30、w you _ . A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 分析分析:在名词性从句中在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键

31、是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据引导词题中根据引导词what要作介词要作介词like的宾语的宾语,而副词而副词how不能作介词不能作介词like的宾语的宾语,所以首先排除所以首先排除C、D,而而A项是疑问句语序项是疑问句语序,故只能选故只能选B。 25考点考点之四之四:考查名词性从句中的考查名词性从句中的whether, if以及以及that的区别的区别 考例考例1: _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If

32、B. Whether C. That D. Where 分析分析:句子的意思是句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定. whether与与if当当是否是否讲时的区别是讲时的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用时通常只能用whether,而不能用而不能用if. 考例考例2: What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother wil

33、l recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句引导的是表语从句. 26考例考例3: It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。头发变白使她有点

34、儿不安。It作形式主语作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。引导的是主语从句。whether, if以及以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与与if(当当是否是否讲时讲时)引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义;而而that引导的名词引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。性从句不含有疑问意义。27考点之五考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其引导的名词性从句及其与与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别疑问词引导的从句的区别 考例考例 1:It is generally considere

35、d unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的智的.whatever引导的是宾语从句引导的是宾语从句,A. however 和和D. whenever是是不能作宾语的不能作宾语的;而而C. whichever表示表示无论哪一个、无论哪些无论哪一个、无论哪些,表示表示在一定范围内的人或事物在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及此处并不涉及一定范围内的人

36、或事物一定范围内的人或事物,所以也不能选所以也不能选. 28考例考例2: Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 分析分析:本题句子的意思是本题句子的意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友朋友.疑问词疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导疑问词引导的从句的区别是的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状前者既可以引导名词性从句也可

37、以引导让步状语从句语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句后者只能引导让步状语从句.首先排除首先排除D.而选而选A. anyone则应在其后加则应在其后加who.从句中需要的是主语从句中需要的是主语,所以所以whomever也不行也不行. 29考点之六考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 考例考例:It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 分析分析:本题选本题选B.句

38、子的意思是句子的意思是:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。It作形式主语作形式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。 (1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语谓语动词用虚拟语气动词用虚拟语气(should) +do,常用的句型有常用的句型有:I. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. II. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) tha

39、t. III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如如: It is strange that she (should) think so. 30(2) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。如等。如: I insist that she (sho

40、uld) do her work alone. (3) 主语是主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等等表示表示建议、请求、要求、决定等建议、请求、要求、决定等意思的词时意思的词时,表语从句表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should) +do。如。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question. 31(4) 表示表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意思意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓

41、语动词要用虚拟语的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气气(should)+do。如。如: They received orders that the work(should)be done at once. 32II. Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D.

42、 what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that33II. Choose the best answer4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D.

43、which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which34典型错误及归纳35找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop

44、came to see what the matter was. Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！36找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. My

45、idea is that we must do our homework first.6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？问题：此类虚拟语气有哪

46、些关键词？37找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whether we will have a meeting has

47、nt been decided yet.It depends on whether the weather is .The question is whether he himself will be present .He asked me whether I could go with him or not. 规律三：规律三：4 4种情况只能用种情况只能用whether whether ： （1 1）位于句子开头；）位于句子开头； （2 2）前面有介词；）前面有介词； （3 3）引导表语从句；）引导表语从句； （4 4）与）与or notor not连用。连用。381.I ask her

48、_ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived

49、 B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 397.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can ge

50、t to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B