高中名词性从句完整ppt课件.ppt
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1、Related Conception (相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词: 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。同位语。The boy is li Ming.主语表语Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中,本来该由名词充当的主语、宾在英语的句子结构中,本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语,由一个句子来充当语、表语和同位语,由一个
2、句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫名词性从句。名词性从句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause). 名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中- 主语宾语表语同位语1. That he will come is certain. 2. I kno
3、w that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there. 4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole
4、the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.( (主从主从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (宾从宾从) )( (表从表从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (定从定从) )( (主从主从) ). 主语从句主语从句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how从 句引导词:1. That he k
5、nows Japanese is known to all. 他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.3. When he will come is unknown .4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much. 他来不来没什么要紧的他什么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语从句的位置主语从句的位置 1.在句首在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用句首主语用 It 主语太长了!放到句尾T
6、hat无词义无词义,不可省略不可省略What “什么”, “所.的”2. What surprised me was to see him here .When “什么时候”主语从句不用主语从句不用 if位于句首位于句首.主语从句主语从句v主语从句在复合句中做句子的主语。主语从句在复合句中做句子的主语。1. That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.2. Why he failed the exam wasnt clear.4. It
7、is a pity that she cannot come.3. Whether he has failed the exam wasnt clear.2) 主语从句的连接词主语从句的连接词1. 连词连词that (无词义无词义, 不作成分不作成分, 不能省略不能省略, 只起连只起连接作用接作用); whether(是否是否), 不作成分不作成分, 不用不用if.That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we will succeed is still a question.注意注意: : 已确定的事由已确定的事由thatthat引导引
8、导; ; 没决定的事由没决定的事由whetherwhether引导引导. .他星期三来这里是肯定的。他星期三来这里是肯定的。 That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.注意:从句作主语时,就算是句子意思完整,都要加注意:从句作主语时,就算是句子意思完整,都要加上从属连词上从属连词that他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.注意:注意:that 引导的引导的主语从句放在句首很少,只是主语从句放在句首很少,只是为了强
9、为了强调或谓语较长时才这样调或谓语较长时才这样.3.连接副词连接副词when(ever), where(ever), how(ever), why, how long, how often, how soon, how far, how many / much 等等.When the test will be given is not yet decided.How much we can spend must be agreed on.2. 连接代词连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever, whose等等. 在从句做在从句做主语主
10、语/宾语宾语/表语表语What you said is perfectly true. (宾语宾语)Whoever comes will be welcome. 谁来都欢迎谁来都欢迎.v连接代词和连接副词在句中既连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑保留自己的疑问含义问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分的成分。v在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语v这些连接词不能省略;这些连接词不能省略;注意注意.v连接代词和连接副词在句中所做成分:连接代词和连接副词在句中所做成分:vWhat caused the accident i
11、s a complete mystery. vWhatever she said was right. vWho will win the match is still unknown. vWhoever comes to the party will receive a present. .vWhen hell be back depends much on the weather.vWhere the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. vWhy he failed the exam wasnt clear. v
12、How the book will sell depends on its author. .3)注意事项:)注意事项: 为了使句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,主语为了使句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,主语从句常用从句常用“it”作形式主语,把真正的主语放作形式主语,把真正的主语放在后面在后面。 主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:用句型如下: It is known to us that he will come here.v(1) It + be + 形容词形容词 + 主语从句主语从句 v(2)It + be + 名词名词 + 主语从句主语从句
13、v(3)It + 不及物动词不及物动词 + 主语主语 从句从句 v(4)It + 及物及物 动词的被动语态动词的被动语态 +主语从句主语从句 常用句型如下:常用句型如下:It + be + 形容词形容词 主语从句主语从句It is necessary/ important that .是有必要是有必要/重要的重要的It is obvious/ clear that 很明显很明显It is certain / true that 是肯定的是肯定的It is true that 是事实是事实It is strange that 很奇怪很奇怪It is natural that 是很自然的是很自然的
14、.It + be + 名词名词 主语从句主语从句It is a pity/a shame 真遗憾真遗憾It is a surprise . 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact 事实是事实是It is an honor 是我的荣幸是我的荣幸 It is a wonder 是奇迹是奇迹It + 不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears/ seems that 似乎似乎/ 看起来看起来It happens that . 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起It doesnt matter whether.It + be + -ed
15、分词分词 主语从句主语从句It is believed/ thought that 人们相信人们相信It is well known to us/all that . 众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定It is said / reported that 据听说据听说/ 据报道据报道Eg:It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。It +及物动词(被动语态)及物动词(被动语态)+主语从句主语从句.vIt is a pity that we
16、 cant go.vIt is certain that she will do well in her exam.vIt is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.vIt depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today. .2. 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚 拟 语 气虚 拟 语 气 “ ( s h o u l d ) + d o ” ,常用的句型有:常用的
17、句型有:vIt is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that vIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that .主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气vIt is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted + that (should) do vIt is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advi
18、sable, impossible+ that (should) do vIt is a pity, a shame, no wonder (难怪)+ that (should) do . what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语子成分,如主语, 宾语宾语, 表语,而表语,而that 则不然。则不然。例如:例如: 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing. WhatThat3. what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的
19、区别.用 it 句型翻译:据说今年高一学生要学新教材据说今年高一学生要学新教材.事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.众所周知众所周知, 比尔比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有的人盖茨是世界上最富有的人.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text this year.It is a fact that they finished all the work by thems
20、elves.It happened that they had had their military training.It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.II. 表语从句表语从句v在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。1. That is why he didnt pass the exam.2. The question is where he
21、has gone.3. The problem is that he has gone.4. It looks/seems as if/though it were going to rain.表语从句表语从句从 句 同主语从句 (11个), 外加as if /引导词: as though, 1. The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.2. The question is whether we can finish the experiment by Friday.3. It looks as if it were goi
22、ng to rain. that 一般不省略一般不省略 表语从句不用表语从句不用 ifas if /as though从句常表示从句常表示不真实的情况不真实的情况She talks as if /as though she had been there before . 又比如:4. This school is no longer what it was before.系动词后面系动词后面.注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法This is where Lu Xun once lived.That was how they won the match.This is wh
23、y she got up so early this morning.我们就是这样克服困难的我们就是这样克服困难的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因那就是他昨天缺席的原因.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday.This is 总是现在时That is 表示性质 That was 指过去动作固定句型固定句型: This is where This is
24、 why This is how.这就是的地方这就是的原因这就是的方法试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意:这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话:名注意:这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话:名词前(尤其是单数可数名词前)一定要有限定词前(尤其是单数可数名词前)一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句,接着判断句子词。然后把句子变换成陈述句,接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。是属于哪种从句再完成。(
25、 (表从表从) )( (定从定从) )( (定从定从) )II 表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语的从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在即放在be动词后面动词后面)叫做表叫做表语从句。语从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意:引导表语从句的注意:引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意:注意:表语从句表示表语从句表示“是否是否” 只用只用“wheth
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