动词不定式的基本用法归纳-ppt课件.pptx

1、动词不定式的基本用法归纳动词不定式的基本用法归纳Unit 1 一、动词不定时的形式一、动词不定时的形式v肯定式：肯定式：to do sth v否定式：否定式：not to do sth. v 被动式：被动式：to be done v完成式：完成式：to have done 一一 结构结构 : to do;(否定否定) not to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 一般式一般式 进行式进行式 完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done

2、to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式一般式表示与谓语的动作同时表示与谓语的动作同时/ /几乎同时几乎同时/ /发生在发生在它之后它之后.).)( (进行式进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时表示在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作不定式的动作也正在进行也正在进行) )( (完成式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).Were happy

3、 to have been working with you. ( (完成进行式完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前表示谓语动作发生之前, ,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) )1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作作表语表语4. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5. 作定语作定语6. 作状语作状语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用1.作主语A. 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：如： (1)To see is to believe. (2)To master English gi

4、ves us much help in the study of science. B. 不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形作形式主语，构成式主语，构成“It is + 形容词形容词(+for sb.)不定式不定式”结构。结构。 It is impossible for him to give up smoking. 二、动词不定式的用法2.作宾语A动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如mean,decide, fail, wish, expect, promise,pretend, choose,want, woul

5、d like to,intend,plan等等。等等。 I mean to go there at once.B.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式作形式宾语。句型为宾语。句型为“主语主语+find (make,feel, think, believe, consider, etc) +it+形容词形容词/名词名词+to do sth”。I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher.I find it

6、interesting to work with him. 练习：翻译句子我发现学好英语并不太难。练习：翻译句子我发现学好英语并不太难。vHe likes to_.vI find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win.(2) 不定式作宾语练习不定式作宾语练习play basketball句型：句型：think/ consider/believe/ find/make/feel it + adj./n.+ to do C动词不定式还可以用作动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语介词宾语，但仅限于，但仅限于介词介词except和和but（除

7、了）（除了）。1) They did nothing except_( work).2) There is no choice but _( wait).v常用句型有：常用句型有：There is nothing to do but+动词原形动词原形(do)do nothing but（ except）+动词原型动词原型（除做（除做.之外别无选择）之外别无选择）have no choice but to do ，别无选择只能去做，别无选择只能去做.）除了做除了做 之外没有其它事可以做。之外没有其它事可以做。动词不定式常见的考点还有：动词不定式常见的考点还有： had better,would

8、rather .than,cant help but, cannot but,等等结构后用动词原型。结构后用动词原型。1) We can not but _ at the sad news.( weep).2) You cant help but _( respect) them.1) cant but do 不得不不得不 =have to do sth.eg, He cant but _ his work.(stop ) 他不得不停止工作他不得不停止工作. .2) cant help but do = cant help doing 禁不住禁不住:unable to change ones

9、behaviour or feelingseg.We_ him. = We _ him. 我们禁不住嘲笑起他来我们禁不住嘲笑起他来. .3) do nothing but 只（做某事）只（做某事）.nothing but = only eg.He_ complain.他只能抱怨.He is_ wander about.他无所事事,只是在闲逛.stop cant help but laugh atcant help laughing atcan do nothing but doing nothing but1.There was nothing to do in the evening but

10、 _. A.read B.to read C.reading D.is reading2.There is nothing we can do but wait_. A. as calm as possible B. as possible as we can C. as calm as we can D. as calmly as we can分析：也就是说分析：也就是说calm应该用副词应该用副词calmly. 因为根据句意，因为根据句意，calmly是修饰动词是修饰动词wait的，修饰动词应该用副词，形容的，修饰动词应该用副词，形容词词calm不能修是动词。不能修是动词。3.He cou

11、ld do nothing but _for the bus_ . A. wait, to come B.wait; come C.waiting; coming D.waited; came【解析】【解析】 试题分析试题分析:考查词组考查词组:第一空填第一空填wait,因为因为could do nothing but do sth只好做只好做,第二空填第二空填to come,因因为为wait for sb to do sth等待某人做等待某人做. 他只好等汽车来他只好等汽车来。 考点：非谓语动词考点：非谓语动词ADA3作表语v动词不定式作表语:v一是主语有不定式充当；v二是主语由抽象名词充当

12、。 To teach is to learn. My job is to help the patient.【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）又实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。 All I want to do now (What I want to do now) is fill my stomach.4 4作宾语补足语作宾语补足语【注意】在感官动词（【注意】在感官动词（“五看，二听，一感觉五看，二听，一感觉”：look at,see, watch,notice,observe,hear, listen to , feel,等）等）和使役动词和使役动词“

13、三让三让”（let, have，make ）后的补足语中，）后的补足语中，不定式不带不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。(let, have,一般不用于被动语态一般不用于被动语态 ) I saw him play in the park. He was seen to play in the park. The boss made those men work day and night. Those men were made to work day and night.The teacher told me to clean the bl

14、ackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引导不定式作宾补的动词：引导不定式作宾补的动词：五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三让让 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feelWarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+sb to do sth+ sb do sth（省略省略to）I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).变成被动，被省略的变成被动，被省略的t

15、o 要还原要还原。不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有如果这些介词前有行为动词行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.Note 1Note 25.5.定语定语1、不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。、不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如如名词为不定式的逻辑主语名词为不定式的逻辑主语，构成，构成主谓关系主谓关系； 若名若名词为逻辑

16、宾语词为逻辑宾语，则构成，则构成动宾关系动宾关系； He is not a man to tell lies. There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth 未来地球上甚至没有多余的空间让人去站立未来地球上甚至没有多余的空间让人去站立 。2、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系， 不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词上加上不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词上加上一个介词，如一个介词，如; He has a nice pen to write with. He is loo

17、king for a room to live in. (live ) He is said the best way to travel by is on foot.I have something to say,but my brother has a lot of homework _,so I am looking for someone _.(5).不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语时，不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。而且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，或者不，或者不定式

18、所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词相应的介词。 He is looking for a room to live in.2. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live in.3. something, anything, nothing, everything注意比较：注意比较：1) Have you anything to

19、send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）（不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是的动作执行者是已被省略的已被省略的me 或或someone else）6.6.作状语作状语不定式作状语时，可表示不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或条件目的，原因，结果或条件。 如如;Im very glad to hear the news. （原因（原因)不定式作目的状语时，常可与不定式

20、作目的状语时，常可与to, in order to, so as to 连用。连用。He got up early so as not to be late.不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。The question is difficult to answer.。 不定式作不定式作结果状语结果状语常用如下句型常用如下句型 Too + 形容词形容词/副词副词 + to do sth 名词名词/ 形容词形容词/副词副词 + enough + to do sth enough+名词名词 +to do sth such +（形容词）名词（形容词）名词 +as

21、 to do sth so + 形容词形容词/副词副词 + as to do sth 【注意】不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的【注意】不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。主语必须一致。v翻译：翻译：v1.他太小了，不能去参军。他太小了，不能去参军。v2.他足够大了，可以去参军。他足够大了，可以去参军。v3.家里有足够的粮食吃。家里有足够的粮食吃。He is too young to join the army.He is old enoughto join the army.There is enough food to eat in the family.v翻译：翻译：v4.他人很

22、好以至于他愿意帮助别人。他人很好以至于他愿意帮助别人。He is so kind that he is willing to help others.He is so kind as to help others.He is such kind a man as to help others.To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank,to begin with, to be honest, to tell the truth,to make matters worsevHe didnt kno

23、w _.(8) . 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用what to say疑问词疑问词“what,who,which,how, when,where+ 动词动词不定式不定式 ” ” 结构，在句中起名词作用，可充当结构，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语主语、表语、宾语等。（等。（why除外除外 ）He didnt know what to say.(.(宾语宾语) )I dont know where to buy books of this kind. .( (宾语宾语) ) How to solve the problem is very important.(.(主语主语) ) My

24、question is when to start. (. (表语表语) )注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带不带toto。 Why not have a rest?(9) 不定式的省略不定式的省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to.(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? Id like to be. e.g.: Are you a salor? No, but I used to be.