2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（四）（附答案解析）.docx

1、2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（四）（附答案解析）Part IWriting(30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two ways to learn about other countries: one is to travel abroad and the other to obtain the information online. You are to make a choice. Write an essay to ex

2、plain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part IIListening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Because the storm had cut power to them.B) Because the roads to them had been f

3、looded.C) Because there might be mud slides.D) Because there might be tsunami.2. A) It is expected to last until Saturday afternoon.B) It has caused over 300 traffic deaths.C) It is the strongest one in years.D) It will be at its strongest on Saturday afternoon.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the new

4、s report you have just heard.3. A) A car crash.B) A bushfire.C) A burglary.D) A terrorist attack.4. A) More than 15 homes had moved our.B) More than 50 homes had joined the fight.C) They had not had the fire under control yet.D) They had found a way to put out the fire.Questions 5 to 7 are based on

5、the news report you have just heard.5. A) They are useful in terms of security but have rusted.B) They are useful in terms of security but not beautiful.C) They are no longer strong enough to protect the tower.D) They are no longer needed as a photo spot.6. A) It is the most visited monument in the

6、world.B) It is totally free of charge for visiting.C) The entry to the forecourt of the tower is free.D) The entry to the forecourt of the tower will be charged.7. A) Less visitor entrances.C) Ornamental lights.B) More security guards.D) Better elevators.Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the c

7、onversation you have just heard.8. A) He played tennis for his high school team.B) He played football for his high school team.C) He played tennis starting from his junior year.D) He played tennis starting from his senior year.9. A) Tennis.B) Basketball.C) Golf.D) Volleyball.第 6 页10. A) Because he h

8、as a lot in common with the woman.B) Because he thinks the woman is a good player.C) Because his team lacks girl players.D) Because his team can learn a lot from the woman.11. A) Join the man to watch a match.B) Visit a new stadium with the man.C) Watch the man play in a match.D) Join the man to pla

9、y in a match.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) An interview between a customer and a shopping assistant.B) An interview between an airport staff and a passenger.C) A conversation between two working staff about the airports future improvement.D) A conversati

10、on between an air-hostess and a passenger about the inflight meal service.13. A) Because many people want to stay in shape.B) Because he wants to take every chance to improve his health.C) Because many people are tired after long flights.D) Because massaging will be a good way to kill time.14. A) Se

11、asonal ones.B) Fresh ones.C) Local ones.D) Juicy ones.15. A) Disappointing.B) Satisfying.C) Outdated.D) Lovely.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Because the planets are the same size as Earth.B) Because the planets are similar in many aspects to Earth.C)

12、 Because the planets are capable of supporting life.D) Because the planets have water on their surface.17. A) They are rocky planets .B) They are gaseous like Jupiter.C) They are covered by water.D) They are covered by sea ice.18. A) Because it has the right temperature and enough greenhouse gases.B

13、) Because it has the right amount of water and enough greenhouse gases.C) Because it has the right atmosphere and enough greenhouse gases.D) Because it has the right gravity and enough greenhouse gases.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They should be widely used

14、in the field of social services.B) They should be blamed for the increasing unemployment.C) They should be taxed the same amount as the people they replace.D) They should be taxed more than the ordinary people.20. A) They will surely face massive unemployment.B) They will need less income tax to spe

15、nd.C) They will have less income tax to spend.D) They will have no need to cope with the changes.21. A) Psychologists.C) Room cleaners.B) Police officers.D) Doctors.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) People who sleep late are smarter and more creative.B) People wh

16、o sleep late are always late for their jobs.C) People who sleep late are easily irritated.D) People who sleep hate are slow and ineffective in their jobs.23. A) You will feel exhausted all day long.B) You cant justify your lateness.C) You will be late for your work.D) You cant find persuasive excuse

17、s.24. A) Because they can fully enjoy themselves late at night.B) Because they can fully concentrate their attention late at night.C) Because they can read the most fascinating book late at night.D) Because they can make rapid progress in mentality late at night.25. A) Group intelligence tests.C) De

18、ductive reasoning tests.B) Emotional intelligence tests.D) Inductive reasoning tests.Part Reading Comprehension( 40 minutes )Section AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ask a left-wing Briton what they believe about the safety of nuclear power, and you can guess their answer. Ask

19、a right-wing American about the risks posed by climate change, and you can also make a 26 guess than if you didnt know their political affiliation. Issues like these feel like they should be 27 by science, not our political tribes, but sadly, thats not what happens.Psychology has long shown that edu

20、cation and intelligence wont stop your politics from 28 your broader worldview, even if those beliefs do not match the hard evidence. Instead ,your ability to weigh up the facts may depend on a less well-recognised trait- 29 .There is now a mountain of 30 to show that politics doesnt just help predi

21、ct peoples views on some scientific issues; it also affects how they interpret new information. This is why it is a 31 to think that you can somehow “ correct” peoples views on an issue by giving them more facts, since study after study has shown that people have a tendency to 32 reject facts that d

22、ont fit with their existing views.But smarter people shouldnt be susceptible to prejudice swaying their opinions, right? Wrong. Other research shows that people with the most education, highest mathematical abilities, and the strongest tendencies to be reflective about their beliefs are the most 33

23、to resist information which should contradict their prejudices . This undermines the simplistic assumption that prejudices are the result of too much gut instinct and not enough deep thought. Rather, people who have the 34 for deeper thought about an issue can use those cognitive powers to justify w

24、hat they already believe and find reasons to dismiss apparently_ 35 evidence.A) betterB) competitivelyC) contraryD) curiosityE) evidenceF) explainedG) facilityH) factI) flexibilityJ) identicalK) informedL) likelyM) mistakeN) selectivelyO) shapingSection BHow to Fix the InternetA We have to fix the i

25、nternet. After 40 years, it has begun to corrode, both itself and us . It is still a marvelous and miraculous invention, but now there are bugs in the foundation, bats in the belfry, and trolls in the basement.B I do not mean this to be one of those technophobic rants insulting the interne for rewir

26、ing our brains to give us the nervous attention span of Donald Trump on Twitter or pontificating about how we have to log off and smell the flowers. Those worries about new technologies have existed ever since Plato was concerned that the technology of writing would threaten memorization and oratory

27、 (演讲术) .I love the interne and all of its digital offshoots. What I feel sad for is its decline.C There is a bug in its original design that at first seemed like a feature but has gradually, and now rapidly, been exploited by hackers and trolls and malevolent actors: Its packets are encoded with the

28、 address of their destination but not of their authentic origin. With a circuit-switched network, you can track or trace back the origins of the information, but thats not true with the packet-switched design of the internet.D Compounding this was the architecture that Tim Berners-Lee and the invent

29、ors of the early browsers created for the World Wide Web. It brilliantly allowed the whole of the earths computers to be webbed together and navigated through hyperlinks. But the links were one-way. You knew where the links took you . But if you had a webpage or piece of content, you didnt exactly k

30、now who was linking to you or coming to use your content.E All of that protected the potential for anonymity. You could make comments anonymously. Go to a webpage anonymously. Consume content anonymously. With a little effort, send email anonymously . And if you figured out a way to get into someone

31、s servers or databases, you could do it anonymously.F For years, the benefits of anonymity on the net outweighed its drawbacks. People felt more free to express themselves, which was especially valuable if they were holding different opinions or hiding a personal secret. This was celebrated in the f

32、amous 1993 New Yorker cartoon, “On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog.”G Now the problem is nobody can tell if youre a troll. Or a hacker . Or a bot .Or a Macedonian (马其顿的) teenager publishing a story that the Pope has supported Trump . This has poisoned civil discourse, enabled hacking, permitt

33、ed cyberbullying , and made email a risk.H The lack of secure identification and authentication ( 身份认证) inherent in the internets genetic code had also prevented easy transactions, obstructed financial inclusion, destroyed the business models of content creators, unleashed the overflow of spam ( 垃 圾

34、 邮 件 ) ， and forced us to use passwords and two-factor authentication schemes that would have confused Houdini. The trillions being spent and the IQ points of computer science talent being allocated to tackle security issues make it a drag, rather that a spur, to productivity in some sectors.I It Pl

35、atos Republic, we learn the tale of the Ring of Gyges. Put it on , and youre invisible and anonymous. The question that Plato asks is whether those who put on the ring will be civil and moral. He thinks not, The internet has proven him correct. The web is no longer a place of community, no longer a

36、marketplace. Every day more sites are eliminating comments sections.J If we could start from scratch, heres what I think we would do： Greate a system that enables content producers to negotiate with aggregators ( 整合者) and search engines to get a royalty whenever their content is used, like ASCAP has

37、 negotiated for public performances and radio airings of its members works. Embed (嵌入) a simple digital wallet and currency for quick and easy small payments for songs, blogs, articles , and whatever other digital content is for sale. Encode emails with an authenticated return or originating address

38、. Enforce critical properties and security at the lowest levels of the system possible, such as in the hardware or in the programming language, instead of leaving it to programmers to incorporate security into every line of code they write. Build chips and machines that update the notion of an inter

39、net packet. For those who want, their packets could be encoded or tagged with metadata ( 元数据) that describe what they contain and give the rules for how it can be used.K Most internet engineers think that these reforms are possible, from Vint Cerf, the original TCP/IP coauthor, to Milo Medin of Goog

40、le, to Howard Shrobe, the director of cybersecurity at MIT. “We dont need to live in cyber hell,”Shrobe has argued. Implementing them is less a matter of technology than of cost and social will .Some people, understandably, will resist any reduction of anonymity, which they sometimes label privacy.L

41、 So the best approach, I think, would be to try to create a voluntary system, for those who want to use it, to have verified identification and authentication. People would not be forced to use such a system. If they wanted to communicate and surf anonymously, they could. But those of us who choose,

42、 at times, not to be anonymous and not to deal with people who are anonymous should have that right as well. Thats the way it works in the real world.M The benefits would be many. Easy and secure ways to deal with your finances and medical records. Small payment systems that could reward valued cont

43、ent rather than the current incentive to concentrate on clickbait for advertising. Less hacking, spamming, cyberbullying, trolling, and spewing of anonymous hate . And the possibility of a more civil discourse.36. The one-way hyperlinks enable users to do many things online anonymously.37. Although

44、anonymity can make people conceal their identity online, now it has poisoned their online life.38. To adopt the voluntary system would be advantageous to our online life in a number of aspects.39. There are several ways to reduce anonymity if we can rebuild the internet from the very beginning.40. T

45、he author suggested inventing a system to let people go online anonymously or not as they wish.41. The author thinks the internet should be fixed not because he is afraid of new technologies but because problems arise in it.42. Pubic opposition could become one of the biggest obstacles to carrying o

46、ut the reforms.43. The hazard of anonymity mentioned by Plato has been shown on the internet.44. People used to think that anonymity online did more good than harm.45. It is the design of the internet that makes it impossible to find out where the information comes from.Section C Passage OneQuestion

47、s 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In todays world, online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing over worldwide. Although with time all generations have come to embrace the changes social network has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most fan

48、atic users of these sites. According to various research studies in the field of online social networks, it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth.Firstly, social media helps the youth and any other user updated with what is happening around the world, and helps the teenagers sta