商务英语翻译实务实务unit课件.ppt

1、1Unit NineBusiness Contracts商务合同世纪商务英语翻译教程（第三版）返回返回2知识目标：1. 了解商务合同的基本知识 2. 掌握商务合同的语言特点及翻译技巧 3. 熟知商务英语的特点及翻译的原则能力目标：1. 能够运用所学翻译技巧进行英汉商务合同的互译 2. 能够在商务英语翻译中遵循正确的翻译原则 Business Contracts返回返回3Contents返回返回4. Translation techniques 2. Lead-in1. Introduction3. Lexical and Syntactical Features 5. Word Bank6.

2、Practice4Section 1 Introductionv Sec 6Sec 4Sec 3Sec 2Sec8Sec 7返回返回 5：6Huzhou Import &Export Co.addressSales ContractSales Contract s/c no.: date : The buyers : Address : The buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the following goods on terms and conditions as below:71)Commodity descriptio

3、nName of commodity,SpecificationsQualityUnit PriceTotal Value (Shipment Quantity % more or less allowed )2）Packing: in cases, in bales in boxes of a dozen each, 100 boxes to a wooden case8 3)Time of shipment:Time of shipment: in OCT.12th w/t at Hongkong before the end of OCT. 4)Port of loading, port

4、 of destination: 4)Port of loading, port of destination: 5)Terms of Payment: 5)Terms of Payment: by sight L/C , the L/C must reach the sellers before May 1st. by D/P , by D/A 6)Insurance: 6)Insurance: to be covered by the sellers for 110% of the invoice value against all risks as per CIC dated Janua

5、ry 1, 1981.9v7)Inspection :7)Inspection :v8)Quantity/Quality Discrepancy:8)Quantity/Quality Discrepancy:v9)Force majeure :9)Force majeure :v10)Arbitration10)Arbitration:vThe sells- the buyers-10SECTION 1v 商务合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的协议。作为法律文书，商务合同规定各方当事人的权利和义务。商务合同一经依法订立，就成为一种法律文件而对缔约各方具有法律约束力，成为商务活动中解

6、决争议的法律依据。v 涉外合同的分类涉外合同的分类:v 国际货物销售合同（Contracts for International Sale of Goods）v 国际技术转让合同（Contracts for International Technology Transfer）v 中外合资经营企业合同（Contracts for Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures）v 国际工程承包合同（Contracts for International Engineering Projects）v 补偿贸易合同（Contracts for Compensation Trade）v 涉外劳

7、务合同（Contracts for Foreign Labor Service）v 国际租赁合同（Contracts for International Leasing Affairs）v 涉外信贷合同（Contracts for Sino-Foreign Credits and Loans）Sec 5Sec 4Sec 3Sec 2返回返回Sec 6返回返回11分类与结构分类与结构 按照格式的繁简程度的不同，国际商务合同可以采取按照格式的繁简程度的不同，国际商务合同可以采取正式合正式合同（同（Contract）、协议书（）、协议书（Agreement）、确认书（）、确认书（Confirmati

8、on）、备忘录（）、备忘录（Memorandum）、定单（）、定单（Order）等书面形式。在合等书面形式。在合同签订和履行过程中，当事人之间往来的信函、电子邮件、电报等同签订和履行过程中，当事人之间往来的信函、电子邮件、电报等也是合同的组成部分，同样具有一定的法律效力。但是，为了顺利也是合同的组成部分，同样具有一定的法律效力。但是，为了顺利、准确无误地完成合同的履行，保护当事人各方的合法权益，所有、准确无误地完成合同的履行，保护当事人各方的合法权益，所有商业往来应以合同、协议书和确认书的订立为前提和基础。商业往来应以合同、协议书和确认书的订立为前提和基础。12分类与结构分类与结构v 从结构上

9、看，国际商务合同一般包含如下四个部分从结构上看，国际商务合同一般包含如下四个部分1，具体说明如下：，具体说明如下：v （一）合同名称（一）合同名称（Title）：即合同标题，表明合同的内容和性质。：即合同标题，表明合同的内容和性质。v （二）（二）约首约首（Preamble）：A. 订约日期和地点；订约日期和地点；B. 合同当事人及其国籍、主合同当事人及其国籍、主营业所或住所；营业所或住所；C. 当事人合法依据；当事人合法依据；D. 订约缘由订约缘由/说明条款说明条款v （三）正文（三）正文（Main Body）：A. 一般条款（一般条款（General Terms and Condition

10、s）；B. 特殊条款（特殊条款（Other Conditions）。）。v （四）结尾条款（四）结尾条款（WITNESS Clause）：A. 结尾语；结尾语；B. 签名（签名（Signature）；）；C. 盖印（盖印（Seal）。）。13SECTION 1 v 通常一份典型的商务合同包含以下表格中的部分：Sec 5Sec 4Sec 3Sec 2返回返回Sec 6返回返回14SECTION 1 Sec 5Sec 4Sec 3Sec 2返回返回Sec 6返回返回15SECTION 1 Sec 5Sec 4Sec 3Sec 2返回返回Sec 6返回返回16Preamble of a Contra

11、ct合同的前言合同的前言v 国际商务合同的前言部分，主要包括两方面的内容：v 其一其一,主要载明合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主主要载明合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主营业务或者住所营业务或者住所(the corporate or personal names of the parties to the contract and their nationalities，principal places of business or residential addresses)；v 其二，合同签订的日期、地点其二，合同签订的日期、地点(the date and place of signin

12、g of the contract)。17 This contract is made this 29th day Of March. This contract is made this 29th day Of March. 2003 in Shanghai2003 in Shanghai，China by and between ABC China by and between ABC Corporation China (hereinafter referred to as Corporation China (hereinafter referred to as “Seller)“Se

13、ller)，a-a- Corporation having their principal Corporation having their principal office in Shanghaioffice in Shanghai，China who agrees to sell, and China who agrees to sell, and XYZ Corporation (hereinafter referred lo as XYZ Corporation (hereinafter referred lo as “Buyer)“Buyer)，a a Corporation hav

14、ing their principal Corporation having their principal office in New Yorkoffice in New York，N NY Y，USAUSA，who who agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as belowconditions as below：18v【例例1】本合同由中国本合同由中国ABC公司，公司， 总公司设于总公司设于中国上海中

15、国上海(以下简称卖方以下简称卖方)与美国与美国XYZ公司，公司， 总总公司设于美国纽约州纽约市公司设于美国纽约州纽约市(以下简称买方以下简称买方)于于2003年年3月月29日订立于中国上海，双方同意按下日订立于中国上海，双方同意按下述条件买卖下列货物述条件买卖下列货物：19v 【例例2】合同号码：合同号码：(经合字经合字)第第0081号号v 签约日期：签约日期：2003年年3月月29日日v 签约地点：中国上海签约地点：中国上海v 卖方：中国卖方：中国ABC公司公司v 地址：中国上海地址：中国上海 街街 号号v 公司属国：中华人民共和国公司属国：中华人民共和国v 电传：电传：v 传真：传真：v

16、邮编：邮编：v 电子信箱：电子信箱：v 买方：美国买方：美国XYZ公司公司v 地址：美国纽约州纽约市地址：美国纽约州纽约市街街号号v 公司属国：美利坚合众国公司属国：美利坚合众国v 电传：电传：v 传真：传真：v 邮编：邮编：v 电子信箱：电子信箱：20v Contract NumberContract Number：JH Zi,No.0081JH Zi,No.0081v Date 0f Execution of ContractDate 0f Execution of Contract：MarchMarch，2929，20032003v Place Of Execution Of Contr

17、actPlace Of Execution Of Contract：ShanghaiShanghai，China.China.v SellerSeller：ABC CorporationABC Corporation，ChinaChinav AddressAddress：NoNo ， St St，ShanghaiShanghai，ChinaChina。v Country of CorporationCountry of Corporation：Peoples Republic of ChinaPeoples Republic of Chinav TelexTelex：v FaxFax：v Po

18、stcodePostcode：v E-mailE-mail：v BuyerBuyer：XYZ CorporationXYZ Corporation，USAUSAv AddressAddress：No.No. ， St St，New YorkNew York，N NY YUSAUSAv Country Of CorporationCountry Of Corporation：United States of AmericaUnited States of Americav TelexTelex：v FaxFax：v PostcodePostcode：v E-mailE-mail：21Final

19、Clauses合同的结尾合同的结尾v 合同的结尾，也称合同最后条款，写在合同的结尾部分。合同的结尾，也称合同最后条款，写在合同的结尾部分。结尾条款主要应明确的内容有：结尾条款主要应明确的内容有：合同使用的文字及其效力合同使用的文字及其效力(languages in which the contract is to be written (languages in which the contract is to be written and its validity)and its validity)。除了明确使用的文字及其效力外，。除了明确使用的文字及其效力外，有时还应订立对合同进行修改或补

20、充的内容。如果合同中有时还应订立对合同进行修改或补充的内容。如果合同中订有附件，应在合同中另立一章列出附件的具体内容，并订有附件，应在合同中另立一章列出附件的具体内容，并明确在合同的结尾部分规定附件为本合同不可分割的组成明确在合同的结尾部分规定附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。部分。22v This Contract is made out in two originalsThis Contract is made out in two originals，each copy written each copy written in Chinese and English languagesin

21、 Chinese and English languages，both texts being equally both texts being equally valid. In case of any divergence of interpretationvalid. In case of any divergence of interpretation，the Chinese the Chinese text shall prevailtext shall prevailv The annexes as listed in Articles 19 to this Contract sh

22、all form The annexes as listed in Articles 19 to this Contract shall form an integral part of this Contractan integral part of this Contract v Any amendment andAny amendment andor supplement to this contract shall or supplement to this contract shall be be valid only after the authorized representat

23、ives of both parties valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties have signed written document (s)have signed written document (s)，forming integral part (s) of forming integral part (s) of this Contractthis Contractv This Contract shall come into force after the signatures by the

24、This Contract shall come into force after the signatures by the authorized representatives of both parties.authorized representatives of both parties.23v This Contract is made out in two originalsThis Contract is made out in two originals，each copy written each copy written in Chinese and English la

25、nguagesin Chinese and English languages，both texts being equally both texts being equally valid. In case of any divergence of interpretationvalid. In case of any divergence of interpretation，the Chinese the Chinese text shall prevailtext shall prevailv 1 1本合同正文一式两份，分别以中文和英文书写，两种本合同正文一式两份，分别以中文和英文书写，

26、两种文本具有同等效力。若对其解释产生异议，则以中文本为文本具有同等效力。若对其解释产生异议，则以中文本为准。准。v The annexes as listed in Articles 19 to this Contract shall form The annexes as listed in Articles 19 to this Contract shall form an integral part of this Contractan integral part of this Contract 2. 2.本合同第本合同第1919章列出的附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。章列出的附件为本

27、合同不可分割的组成部分。 24 v Any amendment andAny amendment andor supplement to this contract shall or supplement to this contract shall be be valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties have signed written document (s)have sig

28、ned written document (s)，forming integral part (s) of forming integral part (s) of this Contractthis Contractv 3 3本合同的任何修改和补充，只有在双方授权的代表在本合同的任何修改和补充，只有在双方授权的代表在书面文件上签字后才能生效，并成为本合同不可分割的组书面文件上签字后才能生效，并成为本合同不可分割的组成部分。成部分。v This Contract shall come into force after the signatures by the This Contract sh

29、all come into force after the signatures by the authorized representatives of both parties.authorized representatives of both parties.v 4 4本合同将在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。本合同将在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。25v 1本合同正文一式两份，分别以中文和英文书写，两种文本具有同等效力。若对其解释产生异议，则以中文本为准。v 2.本合同第19章列出的附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。v 3本合同的任何修改和补充，只有在双方授权的代表在书面文件上签字后才能生效

30、，并成为本合同不可分割的组成部分。v 4本合同将在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。translationtranslation26SECTION 2 II. 试把下列短语译成汉语。（1） Sec 6Sec 4Sec 3Sec 1Sec 8Sec 7返回返回（1） minute of talks （2） memorandum（3） validity clauses of contracts （4） assignment and guaranty of contracts 会议纪要 备忘录 合同生效条款 合同转让与担保条款 27Sec 6Sec 4Sec 3Sec 1Sec 8Sec 7返回返回（5）

31、 rescission and termination of contracts （6） default and escape （7） international conventions and practice （8） international business contracts 合同的解除与终止条款 违约与免责条款 国际惯例 国际贸易合同 II. 试把下列短语译成汉语。（2） SECTION 2 28SECTION 2 Sec 6Sec 4Sec 3Sec 1Sec 8Sec 7返回返回试翻译下列句子。（1）（1） Party A shall pay Party B a monthly

32、 salary of US $500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).（3） This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 甲方须每月付给乙方500 美元整。 买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售

33、下列商品并签订本合同。 29SECTION 2 Sec 6Sec 4Sec 3Sec 1Sec 8Sec 7返回返回试翻译下列句子。（2）（3） This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.（4） The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.本合同自买方和建造方

34、签署之日起生效。 下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。 30Section 2 Lead-inv Translate the following Chinese passage into English.v 澳门威尼斯人 v 条款及细则：v “北方馆”位于娱乐场内，18岁以下人士遂不能使用此代用券v 凭此代用券在澳门威尼斯人度假村酒店娱乐场内之“北方馆”消费任何食品即可享用指定甜品一份v 必须出示代用券以免费换领指定甜品一份v 每人每次只限使用代用券一张v 此代用券不能兑换现金及退款Sec 5Sec 4Sec 3Sec 1返回返回Sec 6返回返回THE VENETIANcasi

35、novoucher Venetian Macao-Resort-Hotel Casinodesignatedbe redeemed forTerms and conditions: 31SECTION 2 v 此代用券不能与其它推广及餐饮优惠一起使用v 优惠只限堂食v 此代用券必须于有效日期内使用，逾期作废v 如有任何争议，澳门威尼斯人度假村酒店保留最终决定权v v 有效日期：2011年7月1日至31日Sec 5Sec 4Sec 3Sec 1返回返回Sec 6返回返回dine-inreserve32SECTION 2 v Notes:v 代用券：voucherv 堂食：dine-inv 有效期

36、：validityv 注意几个专有名词的翻译：威尼斯人-Venetian；北方馆-North; 度假村酒店娱乐场: Macau-Resort-Hotel Casino。v 翻译时注意情态动词的使用，尽力按照合同条款的要求将其译成符合英文表达习惯的英语条款。Sec 5Sec 4Sec 3Sec 1返回返回Sec 6返回返回33 THE VENETIANTHE VENETIANTerms and conditions:Terms and conditions:v “North” is located in casino area, so patrons under the age of 18 ar

37、e “North” is located in casino area, so patrons under the age of 18 are ineligible to use this voucherineligible to use this voucherv The voucher with any food purchase can be used to redeem a designated The voucher with any food purchase can be used to redeem a designated dessert from “North” at th

38、e Venetian Macao-Resort-Hotel Casino onlydessert from “North” at the Venetian Macao-Resort-Hotel Casino onlyv This voucher must be presented to This voucher must be presented to redeem/ redeem/ enjoy a designated enjoy a designated complimentary dessertcomplimentary dessertv Each person can only red

39、eem one voucher per visitEach person can only redeem one voucher per visitv This voucher This voucher is not redeemable for cashis not redeemable for cash and is non-refundableand is non-refundable/ / cannot be cannot be redeemed for cash or refunded if unusedredeemed for cash or refunded if unusedv

40、 This voucher cannot be used in conjunction with other promotion and This voucher cannot be used in conjunction with other promotion and F&B discountF&B discountv The offer is valid for dine-in onlyThe offer is valid for dine-in only/ For dine-in order only/ For dine-in order onlyv This voucher must

41、 be used/redeemedThis voucher must be used/redeemed o on or before the expiry date stated n or before the expiry date stated on the voucheron the voucher/ within the dates of validity/ within the dates of validityv The decision of The Venetian Macao-Resort-Hotel shall be final in case of The decisio

42、n of The Venetian Macao-Resort-Hotel shall be final in case of any dispute any dispute / The Venetian Macao-Resort-Hotel reserves the right of final / The Venetian Macao-Resort-Hotel reserves the right of final decision in case of disputes. decision in case of disputes. 34Section 3: Lexical and Synt

43、actical Features of business contracts 商务合同的词汇和句法特点商务合同的词汇和句法特点 v 英文商务合同在语言上有其独特风格，具有正式、严谨、准确、专业化的特点。在句式上体现出表意缜密、逻辑严谨、结构复杂的文体特征。法学与语言学的交叉部分是法律语言学。由于合同严格界定合同主体各方的权利及义务，常使用结构复杂、冗长重叠的句子，还包含古体、生僻词语，并大量使用法律术语，这些有别于普通英语而属于法律语言范畴的特征，都成为英文合同翻译的难点。要学习英汉商务合同的互译，先了解一些英文商务合同在用词和句式上的特点非常有必要。v Sec 5Sec 4Sec 2Sec

44、1返回返回Sec 6返回返回35SECTION 3 v I.英文商务合同的用词特点：v 1. 古体词的使用(archaism)：在英文合同中以下古体词出现的频率非常高，而能否在英译汉语合同时恰当地使用这些古体词是合同翻译的一个难点。有对比研究表明一般英文合同译本中出现这些古体词的频率比母语人士用英语撰写的合同的使用频率低。v Sec 5Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1返回返回Sec 6返回返回36SECTION 3 Sec 5Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1返回返回Sec 6返回返回37SECTION 3 Sec 5Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1返回返回Sec 6返回返回38SECTION 3v

45、2. 不论是中文合同还是英文合同用词都正式简洁，即使能用常用词汇表达的意思也常用正式的平常不经常用的单词来表达，前面所说的古体词当然也是很正式的用词。下表有一些例子：Sec 5Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1返回返回Sec 6返回返回39SECTION 3Sec 5Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1返回返回Sec 6返回返回40v 具有法律效力的商务合同用词都很正式、规范，避免口具有法律效力的商务合同用词都很正式、规范，避免口语化。如：语化。如：v The Licensee will notify the Licensor and shall assist the Licensor in takin

46、g such action as the Licensor deems appropriate。v 显然显然, 该句中的该句中的notify、assist、deem比同义词比同义词inform、help、think更为正式。如果句中接连出现这类词语，其更为正式。如果句中接连出现这类词语，其风格自然显得郑重、严肃具有浓厚的正式文体色彩。风格自然显得郑重、严肃具有浓厚的正式文体色彩。v 再比如：再比如：The term “Effective date” means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties he

47、reto。v 该句中的该句中的execute较较sign正式。正式。41SECTION 3v E.g. The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed to be an integral part of this Contract.v 本句中，用了古体词“hereto”和正式用语“deem”而非“consider”。v v 商务合同中“shall”的用法与其平常作为情态动词的用法差异很大，它是一个极为严谨的单词，而不是随意的建议别人去做什么。合同是受法律约束的文书，shall的使用严格的确定了责任与义务的范围。

48、兰登书屋法律词典对shall的法律释义包括以下三项： 在特指法规或司法解释中表示命令、必要性和强制性(expressing mandate, necessity or compulsion, especially in statutory or judicial directives)。 表示决心、肯定、强调(expressing determination, certainty and emphasis)。v Sec 5Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1返回返回Sec 6返回返回42SECTION 3u 表示计划、意愿与预期(expressing futurity, especially pla

49、n, intention or expectation)。 在shall用做规定双方义务、责任条款时，应做第一个解释，即表示命令、必要性和强制性，翻译时处理为“应当”、“必须”，不能翻译成“将要，即将”。 v E.g. The Seller shall not be held liable for the delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods under the Contract in consequence of Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufac

50、turing or in the course of loading or transit. v 本合同中由于在制造和装运过程可能出现的不可抗力而导致的推迟运货或未交付，卖方概不负责。Sec 5Sec 4Sec 2Sec 1返回返回Sec 76返回返回43SECTION 3v E.g. The Seller shall inform the buyer promptly of the occurrence mentioned above and within fourteen days thereafter, the Seller shall send by airmail to the bu